Effects on soil physicochemical properties and seedling growth in mixed high forests caused by cable skidder traffic

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY

Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI:10.3832/ifor4103-016

R. Naghdi, F. Tavankar, A. Solgi, Mehrdad Nikooy, E. Marchi, R. Picchio, M. Romagnoli

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Abstract

The use of wheel skidders for timber extraction from tree stump to roadside landing has become more and more widespread. Although the use of wheel skidders has the advantages of high production and reduced extraction costs, it also damages the soil and impedes forest regeneration. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of machine traffic using the Timberjack 450C (two, six and 15 passes) on two slope classes (SC) of skid trails. A low slope is considered to be <20% and a high slope is at >20%. The effects on soil physicochemical properties and seedling growth (alder, Alnus subcordata C.A. Mey. and maple, Acer velutinum Boiss.) in natural mixed beech stands in the Hyrcanian forests in Northern Iran were observed and studied. The results showed that the different factors of traffic intensity (TI) and SC had a significant impact on soil physicochemical properties and subsequent seedling growth. After two machine passes in a low TI on both low and high slopes, soil bulk density (BD) increased by 49.3% and 59.2% and penetration resistance increased by 30.5% and 38.5%, while total porosity decreased by 19.5% and 23.5%. The forest floor decreased by 30.9% and 42%, organic carbon decreased by 25.6% and 39.4%, nitrogen decreased by 18.5% and 26.3%, phosphorus decreased by 14.1% and 23%, and potassium decreased by 10.7% and 24.2%, respectively as compared with the control area. Our results indicated additional BD increments after two, six and 15 machine passes of 49.3%, 17.9% and 8.3% in the low slope, respectively, and 59.2%, 16.5% and 7.1% in the high slope, respectively. The mean of the germination rate (GR) of alder and maple seedlings in the control area was 58.3% and 46.1%, respectively, while after two, six and 15 passes, the GR of alder seedlings reduced to 50%, 46.4% and 37.5%, respectively, while that of maple seedlings reduced to 36.1%, 28.6% and 25.6%, respectively. Additionally, after two machine passes, stem length, main root length, and total dry biomass decreased by 28.7%, 34.9% and 34% in alder seedlings, respectively, and 27.9%, 27.6% and 33.3% in maple seedlings, respectively. Comparison of the response of the two seedling species to soil compaction showed that although alder had a higher GR than maple, the root growth of maple was higher than that of alder.

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索道交通对混交林土壤理化性质及幼苗生长的影响

利用滑车从树桩到路边降落的木材提取已经越来越普遍。虽然使用打滑轮具有产量高、开采成本低的优点，但也会破坏土壤，阻碍森林再生。本研究的主要目的是研究使用Timberjack 450C(2次、6次和15次)的机器交通对两种斜坡等级(SC)滑道的影响。低坡度被认为是20%。对土壤理化性质及幼苗生长的影响(桤木，桤木，C.A. m .)。对伊朗北部海尔卡尼亚森林天然混合山毛榉林中的枫、枫、槭(Acer velutinum Boiss.)进行了观察和研究。结果表明，交通强度和交通强度对土壤理化性质和幼苗生长均有显著影响。在低、高坡低TI条件下，经过2次机器通行后，土壤容重分别提高了49.3%和59.2%，穿透阻力分别提高了30.5%和38.5%，总孔隙度分别降低了19.5%和23.5%。与对照区相比，森林地表面积分别减少了30.9%和42%，有机碳减少了25.6%和39.4%，氮减少了18.5%和26.3%，磷减少了14.1%和23%，钾减少了10.7%和24.2%。结果表明，在低坡、高坡、高坡中，经过2次、6次和15次机器处理后的附加BD增量分别为49.3%、17.9%和8.3%，59.2%、16.5%和7.1%。对照区桤木和枫木幼苗的平均发芽率分别为58.3%和46.1%，经过2次、6次和15次处理后，桤木幼苗的平均发芽率分别降至50%、46.4%和37.5%，枫木幼苗的平均发芽率分别降至36.1%、28.6%和25.6%。2次机器处理后，桤木幼苗的茎长、主根长和总干生物量分别减少28.7%、34.9%和34%，枫木幼苗的茎长、主根长和总干生物量分别减少27.9%、27.6%和33.3%。两种幼苗对土壤压实的响应比较表明，尽管桤木的GR高于枫木，但枫木的根系生长高于桤木。

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来源期刊

Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry FORESTRY-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The journal encompasses a broad range of research aspects concerning forest science: forest ecology, biodiversity/genetics and ecophysiology, silviculture, forest inventory and planning, forest protection and monitoring, forest harvesting, landscape ecology, forest history, wood technology.