Immunity, Inflammation and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory, Hematological, and Biochemical Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients","authors":"Rebeccah M. Ayako,&nbsp;Kirtika Patel,&nbsp;Isaac Ndede,&nbsp;Johan Nordgren,&nbsp;Marie Larrson,&nbsp;Simeon K. Mining","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are few accurate prognostic indications of the illness's development and severity for COVID-19, despite certain biomarkers having been investigated. The unexpected nature of COVID-19's course, which can quickly progress from asymptomatic to life-threatening symptoms, lies at the heart of the disease's intricacy. Predicting SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity through laboratory biomarkers and as such, identifying the patients’ illness severity at the time of their initial admission would be crucial in improving patient care. In this study, we sought to evaluate the potential of hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers in predicting the course of COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in western Kenya.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study involved 48 COVID-19 patients (16 asymptomatic; 16 moderate symptomatic; and 16 severe symptomatic) and 48 age-sex-matched COVID-19-negative clients attending the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya. Demographic information, self-reported chronic illnesses, symptoms, and laboratory results were collected at recruitment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significantly, the severity of COVID-19 was associated with; hemoglobin (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), white blood cells (<i>p</i> = 0.0022), hematocrit (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), blood urea nitrogen (<i>p</i> = 0.01), blood sodium (<i>p</i> = 0.0002), potassium (<i>p</i> = 0.0483), C-reactive protein (<i>p</i> = 0.0002), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Regression analysis of CRP revealed a strong positive correlation (<i>p</i> = 0.0006) whereas LDH revealed a weak positive correlation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) with COVID-19 disease severity. Discriminative accuracy was highest when asymptomatic was compared to severe COVID-19 for CRP and LDH (AUC: 0.8867, 95% CI: 0.7532–1.000) and (AUC: 1.000, 95% CI: 1.000–1.000) respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hematological indices, inflammatory and biochemical biomarkers studied have the potential to predict the course of COVID-19. These parameters may be useful in helping design appropriate care for COVID-19 patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butyrate Metabolism-Related Gene Signature in Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Study","authors":"Jing Zhao,&nbsp;Xueyue Wang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Yating You,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Xu,&nbsp;Ye Fan","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experimental results have verified the suppressive impact of butyrate on tumor formation. Nevertheless, there is a limited understanding of the hidden function of butyrate metabolism within the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This research aimed at digging the association between genes related to butyrate metabolism (butyrate metabolism-related genes [BMRGs) and immune infiltrates in LUAD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA), the identification of 38 differentially expressed BMRGs was made between LUAD and normal samples. Later, a prognostic signature made up of nine BMRGs was made to evaluate the risk score of LUAD subjects. Notably, high-risk scores emerged as negative prognostic indicators for overall survival in LUAD subjects. Additionally, BMRGs displayed associations with immunocyte infiltration levels, immune pathway activities, and pivotal prognostic hub BMRGs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One key prognostic BMRG, PTGDS, exhibited a robust correlation with T cells, the chemokine-related pathway, and the TCR signaling pathway. This study suggests that investigating the interplay between butyrate metabolism and T cells could present a promising novel approach to cancer treatment. OncoPredict analysis further unveiled distinct sensitivities of nine medicine in high- and low-risk groups, facilitating the selection of optimal treatment strategies for individual LUAD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study establishes that the BMRG signature serves as a sensitive predictive biomarker, providing profound insights into the crucial effect of butyrate metabolism in the context of LUAD TIME.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of Notch Signaling-Stimulated Genes in Neurovascular Unit Alterations Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion","authors":"Dewen Ru,&nbsp;Zengyu Zhang,&nbsp;Meng Liu,&nbsp;Xuhui Fan,&nbsp;Yuqi Wang,&nbsp;Yufeng Yan,&nbsp;Ersong Wang","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a key contributor to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and is typically associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage. This study investigates the pathological mechanisms underlying CCH-induced neurovascular unit (NVU) alterations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mouse model of CCH was established using the bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) procedure. Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and impaired BBB integrity were assessed. Brain microvessel (BMV)-specific transcriptome profiles were analyzed using RNA-seq, supplemented with published single-cell RNA-seq data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RNA-seq revealed neuroinflammation-related gene activation and significant downregulation of Notch signaling pathway genes in BMVs post-BCAS. Upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in microglia/macrophages, while downregulated DEGs were prominent in endothelial cells and pericytes. Enhanced activation of vascular-associated microglia (VAM) was linked to neurovascular alterations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CCH induces significant NVU changes, marked by microglia-associated neuroinflammation and Notch signaling downregulation. These insights highlight potential therapeutic targets for treating neuroinflammatory and vascular-related neurodegenerative diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formoterol Reduces the Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype by Enhancing the Activity of Glutaminase in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in the CVB3-Induced Viral Myocarditis","authors":"Quan-liang Li,&nbsp;Hua-bao Xie,&nbsp;Ying-xin Guo,&nbsp;Juan-fen Li,&nbsp;Jing Qian,&nbsp;Wei-Feng Wu","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70073","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Viral myocarditis (VMC) plays a significant role in heart failure, and there is currently a shortage of available targeted treatments. Macrophage phenotype and function are closely associated with the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This research employed a BALB/c mouse model of VMC generated using Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), and the β2-AR agonist formoterol was administered as treatment. A bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify the β2-AR in CCR2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MHCII&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs). Echocardiography and histopathological assessments were utilized to evaluate cardiac function and inflammation. The enzymatic activity of glutaminase (GLS) was quantified. Flow cytometry was employed to characterize the phenotype and function of the macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Result&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our study revealed that formoterol treatment effectively mitigated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, improved cardiac function, and prolonged survival compared to the VMC group. Formoterol reduced the infiltration of CCR2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;MHCII&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; MoMFs in the heart, inhibited M1 phenotypic expression and activity, and reduced the percentage of Ly6C&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; monocytes in circulation. Additionally, formoterol stimulated M2 phenotypic expression and activity and increased the percentage of Ly6C&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt; monocytes in circulation. Additionally, the combination of NICB3344, a C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 inhibitor, with formoterol did not exhibit synergistic effects on reducing cardiac pathological scores or enhancing cardiac function. In vitro studies involving the use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages, revealed the ability of formoterol to suppress the M1 phenotype and functions induced by LPS while promoting the M2 phenotype and functions. Nevertheless, the observed effects were negated by the introduction of the GLS inhibitor BPTES.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Formoterol potentially serves as a significant metabolic regulator in the differentiation process of cardiac MoMFs, influencing this process by controlling GLS activity. Targeting β2-AR exhibits potential as an effective approach for managing VMC. It is essential to acknowledge that these findings were derived under specific experimental conditions, with the current conclusions predominantly based on animal models. Future research is necessary to further investigate the feasibility of formoterol in clinical prac","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is COVID-19 Vaccination Beneficial for Tumor Patients: A Cross-Sectional Investigation in China","authors":"Sixiu Wang,&nbsp;Yan Zhu,&nbsp;Tao Chen,&nbsp;Chunying Lin,&nbsp;Liming Chen,&nbsp;Yongdong Niu,&nbsp;Congzhu Li","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tumor patients take a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, high incidence of serious events, poor prognosis and high mortality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, but there is still lack of supporting evidence that the COVID-19 vaccination is beneficial for tumor patients to encourage them to receive the vaccination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shantou, China and questionnaires were collected in the hospitals from February 13, 2023 to April 23, 2023. Using the receiving of COVID-19 vaccination as the primary outcome, descriptive, univariate and multivariate analyses were generated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>161 out of 241 patients (66.80%) had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine and 61.00% patients had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Patients with general symptoms (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and others (<i>p</i> = 0.022) had a higher proportion of nonvaccinated patients than vaccinated ones. In the multivariate analysis, age (aOR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.946–0.997, <i>p</i> = 0.031), the cognition of vaccines' impact on tumor treatment (aOR = 4.475, 95% CI = 1.772–11.299, <i>p</i> = 0.002), time since tumor diagnosis (aOR = 4.586, 95% CI = 2.122–9.909, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were identified as factors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>COVID-19 vaccination in China offers numerous advantages for tumor patients, helping to alleviate symptoms following infection and potentially decreasing the chances of tumor metastasis and recurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salirasib Inhibits the Expression of Genes Involved in Fibrosis in Fibroblasts of Systemic Sclerosis Patients","authors":"Mina Sadeghi Shaker,&nbsp;Mohsen Rokni,&nbsp;Hoda Kavosi,&nbsp;Samaneh Enayati,&nbsp;Elham Madreseh,&nbsp;Mahdi Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Elham Farhadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Vodjgani","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fibrosis is a principal sign of systemic sclerosis (SSc) which can affect several organs including the lung, heart, and dermis. Dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients are characterized by persistent and activated Ras and ERK1/2 signaling which stimulates extreme collagen and extracellular matrix synthesis. Salirasib is a Ras inhibitor that competitively prevents the adherence of GTP-bound Ras to the plasma membrane, that inhibits Ras signaling. This study intended to clarify whether salirasib can influence fibrotic mediators in SSc fibroblasts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dermal fibroblasts from 10 SSc patients were treated with salirasib in the presence of TGF-β1, and mRNA levels of H-Ras and genes related to fibrosis, such as <i>COL1A1, COL1A2</i>, <i>CTGF</i>, <i>TGF-β1</i>, fibronectin, <i>ACTA2</i>, and <i>MMP1</i> was measured by real-time PCR. The α-SMA protein expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In dermal fibroblasts of SSc patients, salirasib treatment, markedly downregulated the <i>H-Ras</i> gene expression. In addition, the protein expression of α-SMA and gene expression of <i>ACTA2</i> were inhibited upon salirasib treatment. Salirasib also significantly reduced the expression of <i>COL1A1</i>, and <i>COL1A2</i> genes and augmented the gene expression of <i>MMP1</i>. The mRNA levels of other genes related to fibrosis such as <i>FN1</i>, <i>CTGF</i>, and <i>TGF-β1</i> were significantly decreased upon salirasib treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering salirasib significantly reduced the expression of genes related to the fibrosis process and α-SMA gene and protein expression, and given significant upregulation of <i>MMP1</i> by salirasib, it can be considered as a new curative strategy for fibrotic diseases like SSc.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Results of Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, 2013–2022","authors":"Xueqiu Li,&nbsp;Jianxiong Liu","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70060","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The objectives of the study are to understand the drug-resistant situation and trend of tuberculosis patients in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, from 2013 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of rational drug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in Guangzhou City.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;All patients who were diagnosed with active tuberculosis in Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 were collected as study subjects, and a total of 5191 patients were enrolled in the study. Comprehensive data on the basic characteristics, diagnostic, and therapeutic information of the study subjects were collected. Sputum specimens were subjected to smear, isolation, and culture. Culture-positive strains of bacteria were identified by bacterial groups. A total of 1659 strains of &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; (MTB) isolates were obtained. The drug susceptibility test was carried out using the proportionality method on the MTB isolates for nine types of antituberculosis medicines: isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (Sm), kanamycin (Km), ofloxacin (Ofx), capreomycin (Cm), propylthioisonicotinamide (Pto), and &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). A comparative analysis of the resistance patterns among the strains was conducted.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 1659 patients with MTB were cultured, revealing 438 drug-resistant cases. Among these, 255 were monoresistant, 121 were polyresistant, and 62 were multidrug resistant. The overall resistance rate was 26.40% (438/1659), with mono-resistance rate at 15.37% (255/1659), polyresistance rate at 7.29% (121/1659), and multidrug resistance rate at 3.74% (62/1659). In descending order, the resistance rates of MTB isolates to any of the nine antituberculosis drugs were Sm (12.24%, 203/1659), INH (9.22%, 153/1659), EMB (7.35%, 122/1659), RFP (6.99%, 116/1659), PAS (3.25%, 54/1659), Pto (3.13%, 52/1659), Ofx (2.71%, 45/1659), Cm (2.17%, 36/1659), and Km (2.17%, 36/1659). The differences in resistance rates were statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), with Sm exhibiting the highest resistance rate and Km the lowest.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In the primary treatment group, 388 patients (25.55%) were drug resistant, while 50 patients (35.46%) in the retreatment group were drug resistant. Thirty-nine patients (2.57%) in the primary treatment group were multidrug resistant, compared to 23 patients (16.31%) in the retreatment group. The resistance rate and multidrug resistance rate of isolates from retreatment patients","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Radiation Proctitis in Rats”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X. Li, L. Lin, X. Duan, J. Dai, T. Hu, and H. Cai, “Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Radiation Proctitis in Rats,” <i>Immunity, Inflammation and Disease</i> 12 (2024): e70015, https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70015.</p><p>In the article, the following errors were identified.</p><p><b>Author Affiliation</b></p><p>Lili Lin's affiliation was originally stated as ²Department of Oncology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, China. This should be ²Department of Oncology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian China.</p><p><b>Correspondence:</b></p><p>Lili Lin was inadvertently missed from the original correspondence and should be added. The correspondence should read:</p><p>Lili Lin, Department of Oncology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, China. Email: <span>[email protected]</span></p><p>Hongyi Cai, Department of Radiotherapy, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Rd, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. Email: <span>[email protected]</span> and <span>[email protected]</span></p><p><b>Footnote:</b></p><p>Xuxia Li and Lili Lin did not contribute equally to this paper and this footnote should be removed from the article.</p><p>The online version of the article has been corrected.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis and Immunogenicity Assessment of the Novel Multi-Stage DNA Vaccine W541 Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","authors":"Yourong Yang,&nbsp;Yong Xue,&nbsp;Xiaoou Wang,&nbsp;Lan Wang,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Junxian Zhang,&nbsp;Yinping Liu,&nbsp;Yan Liang,&nbsp;Xueqiong Wu","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vaccination is one of the effective measures to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from developing into active tuberculosis (TB). Applying bioinformatics methods to pre-evaluate the biological characteristics and immunogenicity of vaccines can improve the efficiency of vaccine development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the immunogenicity of TB vaccine W541 and to explore the application of bioinformatics technology in TB vaccine research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study concatenated the immunodominant sequences of Ag85A, Ag85B, <i>Rv3407</i>, and <i>Rv1733c</i> to construct the W541 DNA vaccine. Then, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and population coverage of the vaccine, to identify its epitopes, and to perform molecular docking with MHC alleles and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of the host. Finally, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated in animal experiments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The W541 vaccine protein is a soluble cytoplasmic protein with a half-life of 1.1 h in vivo and an instability index of 45.37. It has good antigenicity and wide population coverage without allergenicity and toxicity. It contains 138 HTL epitopes, 73 CTL epitopes, 8 linear and 14 discontinuous B cell epitopes, and has a strong affinity for TLR4. Immune simulations have shown that it can effectively stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal experiments confirmed that the W541 DNA vaccine could effectively activate Th1- and Th17-type immune responses, producing high levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A, but could not significantly increase antibody levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The W541 DNA vaccine can induce strong cellular immune responses. However, further optimization of the vaccine design is needed to make the expressed protein more stable in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis could reveal the physicochemical and immunological information of vaccines, which is critical for guiding vaccine design and development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound Stimulation Modulates Microglia M1/M2 Polarization and Affects Hippocampal Proteomic Changes in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Xinliang Lu,&nbsp;Wenxian Sun,&nbsp;Li Leng,&nbsp;Yuting Yang,&nbsp;Shuting Gong,&nbsp;Qi Zou,&nbsp;Haijun Niu,&nbsp;Cuibai Wei","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effectiveness of ultrasound stimulation in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of ultrasound stimulation on the proportion and function of microglia of different phenotypes, as well as on the levels of inflammatory factors. Additionally, it revealed the alterations in proteomic molecules in the mouse hippocampus following ultrasound stimulation treatment, aiming to uncover potential new molecular mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound stimulation was used to stimulate the hippocampus for 30 min per day for 5 days in the ultrasound stimulation-treated group. Amyloid plaque deposition was measured using immunofluorescence staining. M1 and M2 type microglia were labeled using immunofluorescent double staining, and the ratio was calculated. The levels of Aβ42, IL-10, and TNF-α were determined using ELISA kits. The quantitative proteomics method was employed to explore molecular changes in hippocampal proteins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound stimulation treatment reduced the average fluorescence intensity of amyloid plaques and the concentration of Aβ42. Compared to the AD group, ultrasound stimulation resulted in a 14% reduction in the proportion of M1 microglia and a 12% increase in the proportion of M2 microglia. The concentration of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was significantly increased in the ultrasound stimulation-treated group. Proteomics analysis revealed 753 differentially expressed proteins between the ultrasound stimulation-treated and AD groups, with most being enriched in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway of mitochondria. Additionally, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was increased after ultrasound stimulation treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrasound stimulation affects microglial polarization, reduces amyloid plaque load, and enhances levels of anti-inflammatory factors in APP/PS1 mice. Proteomics analysis reveals molecular changes in hippocampal proteins after ultrasound stimulation treatment. The mechanism behind ultrasound stimulation-induced modulation of microglial polarization may be related to changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}