Immunity, Inflammation and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Liver X Receptor Activation Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes by Inhibiting NF-κB-NLRP3 Activation.","authors":"Chuanwei Jiang, Wenzhou Ding, Yuanchang Hu, Chao Yang","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70243","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hyperglycemia has been reported to be a crucial factor that aggravates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Macrophage-mediated inflammatory injury is vital to liver IRI. A positive effect of Liver X receptor (LXR) on diabetes has been proven; however, the function and mechanism of LXR in diabetic liver IRI remain unclear. Accordingly, our study concentrates on the mechanism underly.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg)-treated diabetic mice were used to establish a liver IRI model. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used in studying the role of macrophage inflammation in diabetic liver. GW3965 hydrochloride was used to activate LXR in vivo and in vitro. QD394, a lipid peroxidation agonist, was used to verify the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hyperglycemia exacerbates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by promoting hepatic cell death and inflammation in vivo. In diabetic livers, the expression of liver X receptors (LXRs) is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the ischemia-reperfusion process itself further decreases LXR levels. Application of the LXR agonist GW3965 mitigates macrophage lipid peroxidation and inflammasome NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3) inflammasome activation in vitro, thereby protecting the liver from severe IRI. The results were further confirmed by the rescue experiments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LXRs play an important role in diabetic liver IRI and macrophage-associated inflammation. Pharmacologic activation of LXRs alleviates macrophage inflammatory activation in diabetic liver IRI, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-related liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":"e70243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Respiratory Infections After Nonpharmacological Interventions for COVID-19 in China Have Ended: Using Machine Learning Approaches to Support Pathogen Prediction at Admission.","authors":"Tian-Ning Li, Yan-Hong Liu, Kwok-Leung Yiu, Lu Liu, Meng Han, Wei-Jia Ma, Chun-Lei Zhou, Hong Mu","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70237","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, China witnessed a surge in respiratory virus infections, which presented considerable challenges to primary health care systems. This study developed an interpretable prediction model using complete blood count (CBC) test data. This model aims to identify common respiratory virus infections in patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study's derivation cohort included 7471 patients who presented with fever at Central Hospital between November and December 2023. Each patient underwent diagnostic procedures, including influenza A (Flu A) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) antibody testing and CBC. On the basis of the results of the CBC and patients' basic information, modelling and prediction through machine learning (ML) were performed, and external verification was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the developed models, we constructed two distinct versions of the three-class model: one emphasizing high recall and the other balancing precision and recall. The final model was refined through manual parameter adjustments and a comprehensive network search. The high-recall model demonstrated superior performance in detecting Flu A, with a recall rate of 81.0%. Conversely, the precision‒recall balanced model exhibited enhanced accuracy in identifying MP cases, with a precision rate of 84.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our interpretable ML model not only achieves accurate identification of Flu A and MP infections in febrile patients but also addresses the prevalent \"black box\" concerns associated with ML techniques. This technique can aid clinicians in enhancing diagnostic efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, this improvement can lead to reduced medical expenses by minimizing unnecessary tests and treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":"e70237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: CircZNF124 Regulates Cell Proliferation, Leucine Uptake, Migration and Invasion by miR-199b-5p/SLC7A5 Pathway in Endometrial Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>EXPRESSION OF CONCERN</b>: L. Shu, Y. Peng, L. Zhong, X. Feng, L. Qiao and Y. Yi, “CircZNF124 Regulates Cell Proliferation, Leucine Uptake, Migration and Invasion by miR-199b-5p/SLC7A5 Pathway in Endometrial Cancer,” <i>Immunity, Inflammation and Disease</i> 9, no. 4 (2021): 1291-1305, https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.477.</p><p>This Expression of Concern is for the above article, published online on 19 June 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and has been issued by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Marc Veldhoen; and John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd. The Expression of Concern has been agreed upon following the identification of duplicated images in Figures 4 G and 4H. The authors did not respond to requests for comment regarding the duplication. Although the conclusions are not believed to be affected, the journal has decided to issue an Expression of Concern to inform readers of the identified duplication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTION: Calycosin Inhibits Hepatocyte Apoptosis in Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway: An In Vitro Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>RETRACTION:</b> L. Chang, A. Zhang, W. Liu, P. Cao, L. Dong, and X. Gao, “Calycosin Inhibits Hepatocyte Apoptosis in Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway: An In Vitro Study,” <i>Immunity, Inflammation and Disease</i> 11, no. 7 (2023): e935, https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.935.</p><p>The above article, published online on July 12, 2023, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Marc Veldhoen; and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. The retraction was agreed upon following an investigation into concerns raised by a third party regarding unexpected similarity between the flow cytometry data in Figure 2C of this article and data published earlier in a separate article by a different group of authors. Inconsistencies were also observed in the western blot presented in Figure 5A of this article. The authors provided supporting data for the flow cytometry plots in Figures 2C and 7C; however, the data did not align with the figures presented in the published article. Additionally, they did not address or provide any data in response to concerns regarding the western blot. Given these issues and the lack of adequate supporting data, the editors find the article's results and conclusions to be unreliable. The authors were informed of the decision to retract but did not respond to requests for comment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture at ST36/SP6 Restores Surgical Stress-Induced Impairment of Dendritic Cell Maturation via GR/GILZ Signaling in Mice","authors":"Mengting Jiang,&nbsp;Caixia Liu,&nbsp;Yinzhou Zhang,&nbsp;Sibei Li,&nbsp;Yuhui Li,&nbsp;Chengcheng Zhou","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to examine how surgical stress and electroacupuncture (EA) influence the maturation of splenic dendritic cells (DCs) in mice, with a specific focus on elucidating the mechanisms through which EA influences DC maturation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mice were allocated into four groups: control, model, model + electroacupuncture (EA), and model + non-electroacupuncture (NEA). For the EA intervention, Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints received electroacupuncture stimulation, while the NEA group received bilateral stimulation 3 mm adjacent to the midpoint of the line between the tail and the anus. Electroacupuncture was administered 12 h before and during the surgical procedure. Post-surgery, levels of corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the serum were quantified using ELISA. The expressions of CD86, MHC-II, and CD40 on the surface of DCs were assessed via flow cytometry. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to detect the mRNA expression levels of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, GR and GILZ protein expression levels were analyzed through Western blot analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the control group, both the model and NEA groups exhibited reduced CD11c+CD40 + , CD11c+MHC-II + , and CD11c + CD86 + DC percentages. Conversely, these markers were elevated in the EA group. Additionally, both interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were decreased in the model group and the NEA group, whereas an increment was noticed in the EA group. Notably, both mRNA level and protein expression profile for both GILZ and GR demonstrated a significant increment in the model group and the NEA group, whereas a marked reduction was observed in the EA group. Furthermore, the blockade of GR using RU486 resulted in an increased percentage of CD11c + CD40 + , CD11c + CD86 + , and CD11c+MHC-II+ DCs post-surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Application of electroacupuncture (EA) at the ST36 and SP6 acupoints can mitigate the suppressive effects of surgical stress on DC maturation through the GR/GILZ signaling pathway throughout the surgical process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviative Effects of Ciprofol on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting Macrophage Polarization","authors":"Hanjian Chen,&nbsp;Heng Wen,&nbsp;Dongdong Tian,&nbsp;Huina Su,&nbsp;Ru Zhang,&nbsp;Lijia Zhang","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have demonstrated the protective role of ciprofol against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, with the present investigation focusing on elucidating its effects on hepatic I/R injury.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A hepatic I/R injury animal model was established, and macrophages were polarized using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. Hepatic tissue damage and apoptosis were assessed through hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining. Liver function parameters, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, were quantified using commercial assay kits. Macrophage polarization was evaluated via quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting, with flow cytometry additionally employed to assess cellular polarization. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were also measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the I/R model mice, ciprofol, comparable to the positive control propofol, and the macrophage eliminator gadolinium chloride (GdCl₃) effectively attenuated inflammation and apoptosis, restored hepatic function, and inhibited macrophage polarization, as evidenced by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In LPS-induced macrophages, ciprofol treatment decreased the proportion of CD86-positive cells and the expression of macrophage polarization markers, alongside a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, mirroring the effects observed with propofol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that ciprofol exerts hepatoprotective effects against I/R injury by modulating macrophage polarization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators for Intracranial Aneurysm Recurrence After Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization","authors":"Jie Wei,&nbsp;Jinghui Lin,&nbsp;Junjun Zhang,&nbsp;Zifeng Dai,&nbsp;Yiyong Zeng,&nbsp;Xianru Li,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Jianfei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqing Lin,&nbsp;Shengjun Zhou","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reappearance of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) after undergoing stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE) is a significant issue in clinical practice. In this study, we analyzed blood regulatory T-cell counts and plasma cytokine levels to assess the extent of systemic inflammation and investigate their potential association with the recurrence of IAs undergoing SACE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 189 individuals with 220 unruptured IAs were included in a retrospective study, with participants categorized into groups of occlusion and recurrence according to the Raymond–Roy Scale. Initially, a univariate analysis was used to identify distinctions among clinical data, morphological parameters, and preoperative plasma cytokine levels. A logistic regression model was built using variables with a significance level of <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, and the specificity and sensitivity of the chosen parameters were assessed through graphical and statistical analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the group with recurrence, the plasma concentrations of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ were notably elevated compared to the occlusion group. Based on binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that the levels of IL-10 (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.06–1.46, <i>p</i> = 0.008), IL-17 (odds ratio = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.17–1.82, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and INF-γ (odds ratio = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.07–1.54, <i>p</i> = 0.007) were determined to be crucial independent indicators for the recurrence of IAs. The highest predictive accuracy recurrence risk, with an area under the curve of 0.761, was achieved through the combination of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and INF-γ.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings reveal indicate that elevated levels of plasma IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ are consistently present in recurrent IAs, implying that the initial inflammatory levels in the body are a major contributor to the recurrence of IAs following SACE. The combination of IL-2, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ may assist in predicting the likelihood of recurrence in IAs following SACE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Corticosteroid-Resistant Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated With Connective Tissue Diseases in China: A Retrospective Comparative Study","authors":"Yangchun Chen,&nbsp;Yingying Shi,&nbsp;Yuechi Sun,&nbsp;Yun Peng,&nbsp;Guixiu Shi,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Shiju Chen","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Corticosteroid-resistant secondary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a challenging condition in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the clinical and immunological characteristics of corticosteroid-resistant secondary ITP associated with connective tissue diseases (CTD-ITP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 201 CTD-ITP hospitalized patients between 2014 and 2022. Patients were categorized as corticosteroid-resistant or corticosteroid-sensitive, and their demographic, clinical, and immunological data were compared. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of corticosteroid resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Corticosteroid resistance was observed in 27.4% of patients. Compared with the corticosteroid-sensitive group, the corticosteroid-resistant group exhibited a higher percentage of CD3⁺ T cell (71.38% vs. 64.70%, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cell (38.55% vs. 28.95%, <i>p</i> = 0.003), but a lower percentage of CD19⁺ B cell (13.70% vs. 22.45%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) in peripheral blood. No significant differences were found in other demographics, clinical features, or autoantibody profiles. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher percentage of CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells (OR = 1.170, 95% CI: 1.014–1.350, <i>p</i> = 0.031) was an independent risk factor for corticosteroid resistance in CTD-ITP patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study revealed the potential role of higher CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells in corticosteroid resistance among CTD-ITP patients, and provided the potential biomarker for predicting corticosteroid therapy response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Evaluation of the Healgen Rapid COVID-19 Antigen Test as a Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tool","authors":"Stephen A. Young,&nbsp;Hua Zhang,&nbsp;Jose Rodriguez,&nbsp;David Mishkin,&nbsp;Ward Paine,&nbsp;Li Seyfried,&nbsp;LaTisha Hargrove,&nbsp;Dennis L. Broyles,&nbsp;Chermaen Lindberg,&nbsp;Anurag Purushothaman,&nbsp;Stacey House","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Development of readily available Rapid COVID-19 Antigen tests essential for promptly identifying SARS-CoV2 infection and preventing its spread.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the clinical performance of the Healgen Rapid COVID-19 antigen test as a point-of-care diagnostic tool with 806 evaluable subjects who were within 6 days post-symptom onset. The results from the Healgen test were compared to the results from Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) approved SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of the 806 evaluable subjects, 140 tested positive and 640 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 with the Healgen COVID-19 test, showing good agreement with the EUA RT-PCR results. There were 26 subjects with discordant results, of which 24 were negative according to the Healgen test but positive according to the RT-PCR test, while 2 were positive by the Healgen test but negative by the EUA-PCR test. The positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) were 85.4% and 99.7%, respectively. Additionally, the Healgen COVID-19 test detected 34 cases (60.7%) out of 56 weak positive cases (based on Ct values of ≥ 30 by the EUA PCR test), demonstrating good detection capability of the test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Healgen Rapid COVID-19 antigen detection test demonstrated good performance in terms of PPA and NPA when compared to the EUA RT-PCR assays and has potential as a diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bitter Taste Receptors in Bacterial Infections and Innate Immunity","authors":"Erin Rudolph,&nbsp;Hannah Dychtenberg,&nbsp;Austin Pozniak,&nbsp;Priyanka Pundir","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70232","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs), originally identified for their role in gustation, are now recognized for their functions in extraoral tissues, particularly in innate immune responses. TAS2Rs detect bacterial quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) and other metabolites, enabling the host to sense and respond to pathogenic threats across mucosal surfaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review synthesizes current knowledge of TAS2Rs in the context of bacterial infection, emphasizing their mechanisms of immune modulation, genetic polymorphisms, tissue-specific expression, and therapeutic potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature review was conducted, incorporating in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies investigating TAS2R expression, signaling pathways, and immune functions in response to bacterial pathogens across respiratory, gastrointestinal, and oral tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TAS2Rs detect bacterial QSMs, triggering calcium signaling cascades, nitric oxide (NO) release, antimicrobial peptide secretion, and cytokine responses. In respiratory epithelium, TAS2R38 and TAS2R14 modulate mucociliary clearance and NO-mediated bacterial killing. In the oral cavity, TAS2R14 and TAS2R38 influence cytokine production, bacterial uptake, and antimicrobial responses. Intestinal TAS2Rs regulate host defense via genotype-specific pathways, as seen with TAS2R10 and TAS2R43. Polymorphisms in TAS2Rs affect infection susceptibility and immune responses, with implications for diseases like cystic fibrosis, chronic rhinosinusitis, dental caries, and periodontitis. Notably, TAS2R-mediated responses are highly tissue- and bacteria-dependent, with distinct signaling and outcomes observed depending on the pathogen and the local immune environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TAS2Rs play an essential role in host-pathogen interactions across multiple mucosal surfaces. Their ability to detect bacterial signals and activate innate immune defenses positions them as promising therapeutic targets. Future studies should focus on in vivo validation, genetic diversity, and receptor-ligand specificity using emerging tools like cryo-electron microscopy and transgenic models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}