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Effect of dispersion on the wavelength dependence of cascaded liquid crystal devices 色散对级联液晶器件波长依赖性的影响
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581209
G. Lester, A. Muravski
{"title":"Effect of dispersion on the wavelength dependence of cascaded liquid crystal devices","authors":"G. Lester, A. Muravski","doi":"10.1117/12.581209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581209","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple pass liquid crystal devices have potential applications as wavelength selective elements for both illumination and measurement systems, the peak in the wavelength transmission of a single birefringence device when repeatedly applied gives a narrow peak in transmission. Most liquid crystal display devices are optimized for operation at 550 nm where the effects of dispersion are of secondary importance, however in applications using multiple devices to create a tuneable filter the effects of dispersion are particularly significant. Typically birefringence data is only available at a specific wavelength or at a specific temperature, this is especially true of commercial liquid crystal that are characterized for 550 nm device operation. To allow computation of both temperature and wavelength dependence the variation of liquid crystal refractive indices over a two dimensional temperature -- wavelength plane has been extrapolated from single wavelength or single temperature data. The effect of this variation in the birefringence of the liquid crystal material in possible filter configurations to determine the wavelength dependence has been evaluated. Though reducing the effective operating range of a given device design a useful tuneable filter function is still achieved. To achieve the same tuning range as would be predicted without the effects of dispersion a more complex stack of devices is required.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121848271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular structure and properties of FLC(S)-4-(1-methyloctyloxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-octyloxybiphenyl-4'-carboxylate and its mixtures FLC(S)-4-(1-甲基辛基羰基)苯基4-辛基联苯-4'-羧酸盐及其混合物的分子结构和性质
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581081
J. Rutkowska, P. Perkowski, J. Kędzierski, Z. Raszewski, J. Zieliński, R. Dabrowski, K. Czupryński
{"title":"Molecular structure and properties of FLC(S)-4-(1-methyloctyloxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-octyloxybiphenyl-4'-carboxylate and its mixtures","authors":"J. Rutkowska, P. Perkowski, J. Kędzierski, Z. Raszewski, J. Zieliński, R. Dabrowski, K. Czupryński","doi":"10.1117/12.581081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581081","url":null,"abstract":"Precise measurements of physical macroscopic properties such as temperature dependencies of the spontaneous polarization, the tilt angle and the electric permittivity were performed (S)-4-(1-methyloctyloxycarbonyl)phenyl 4-octyloxybiphenyl-4'-carboxylate and their mixtures. Some of these results as well as the results of DSC and X-ray studies were presented by us earlier. On based above and calculations of molecular structure of investigated compounds the aim of this work was to explain the ability for induction an anticlinic SmCA phase in bicomponent mixtures composed of these.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122160286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of trans-cyclohexane sequence in the multiring system molecule on the liquid crystal properties 多环体系分子中反式环己烷序列对液晶性质的影响
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581056
W. Zhong, W. Du
{"title":"Effects of trans-cyclohexane sequence in the multiring system molecule on the liquid crystal properties","authors":"W. Zhong, W. Du","doi":"10.1117/12.581056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581056","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of sequential change of trans-cyclohexane in three-ring and four-ring molecules on their thermal behavior and the phase transition, threshold voltage (Vth), birefringence (Δn) of their mixtures were investigated. The structure with alternate phenyl and cyclohexane go against the stability of the mesomorphic phase, but favor to the decrease of Vth and Δn.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124042138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orientational order of some liquid crystals as studied by optical spectroscopy methods 用光谱学方法研究了一些液晶的取向顺序
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581135
E. Chrzumnicka, M. Szybowicz, H. Moryson, D. Bauman
{"title":"Orientational order of some liquid crystals as studied by optical spectroscopy methods","authors":"E. Chrzumnicka, M. Szybowicz, H. Moryson, D. Bauman","doi":"10.1117/12.581135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581135","url":null,"abstract":"The orientational behavior of some liquid crystals with various molecular structure was studied by means of classical methods of optical spectroscopy: absorption of the polarized light in the visible region, fluorescence depolarization and Raman scattering depolarization. The dichroic dye dimethylamino-nitrostilbene was added to liquid crystals and acted as guest probe reflecting the host orientation in absorption and fluorescence measurements. The absorption, emission and Raman scattering spectra of the linearly polarized light were recorded as a function of temperature in the nematic phase. On the basis of these spectra the order parameters and as well as the molecular distribution function were determined. It was found that the molecular structure of liquid crystals affects the orientational order of molecules. Moreover, the effect of the dye presence on the orienting properties of liquid crystalline hosts was discussed.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126249501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of relaxation processes in MHPB(H)PBC antiferroelectric liquid crystal by dielectric spectroscopy 用介电光谱研究MHPB(H)PBC反铁电液晶弛豫过程
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581073
M. Pandey, R. Dabrowski, V. Agrawal, R. Dhar
{"title":"Investigation of relaxation processes in MHPB(H)PBC antiferroelectric liquid crystal by dielectric spectroscopy","authors":"M. Pandey, R. Dabrowski, V. Agrawal, R. Dhar","doi":"10.1117/12.581073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581073","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular dynamics of a recently synthesized chiral antiferroelectric liquid crystal (S)-(+)-4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl-4'-(3-butanoiloxyprop-1-oxy)biphenyl-4'-carboxylate (in short MHPB(H)PBC) exhibiting SmA* and SmCA* phases have been studied in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz. In the SmA* phase only one doubly degenerate soft mode relaxation exists which becomes critical at transition temperature and its splits into two modes in SmCA* phase, one at high frequency about 500 kHz, the other at low frequency about 40 kHz. Relaxation frequencies of both modes decrease slowly with decrease in temperature. These two observed modes are due to the anti-phase and in-phase azimuthal angle fluctuations of the molecules in the anti-tilt pairs. The temperature dependence of the dielectric strengths and relaxation frequencies, determined by Cole-Cole plot clearly reveals that SmA* to SmCA* transition is weakly first order.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131304358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Surface free energy of chosen polyimides used for alignment of liquid crystals 用于液晶排列的选定聚酰亚胺的表面自由能
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581210
Jerzy Borycki, M. Kostrzewa, J. Kędzierski
{"title":"Surface free energy of chosen polyimides used for alignment of liquid crystals","authors":"Jerzy Borycki, M. Kostrzewa, J. Kędzierski","doi":"10.1117/12.581210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581210","url":null,"abstract":"According to classical method polyimides were obtained in two-step polycondensation process via 10% solutions of poly(amic acid)s in dimethylformamide (DMF). The indium tin oxide (ITO)-glass plates or glass plates were spin-coated with the 1% (w/w) poly(amic acid)s solutions and then the solvent was evaporated. The aligning polyimide layers were prepared by thermal imidization. Polyimide layers on indium tin oxide (ITO)-glass plates were prepared by thermal imidization at 250°C for 4 h. Their surface free energy and its components were determined. Polyimide films on soda glass with various degree of imidization were prepared by thermal treatment at 180°C, 200°C, 220°C and 250°C. Evaluation of rubbed polyimide layers wettability by four nematic liquid crystals (5CB, 6CB, 6CHBT and 8CHBT) was carried out.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123700725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective reflection of light in binary mixtures composed of compounds with different polarity 由不同极性化合物组成的二元混合物中光的选择性反射
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581083
B. Wazynska, M. Tykarska
{"title":"Selective reflection of light in binary mixtures composed of compounds with different polarity","authors":"B. Wazynska, M. Tykarska","doi":"10.1117/12.581083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581083","url":null,"abstract":"In the mixture of two nonpolar compounds with the destabilization of smectic A phase the selective reflection of the light is from red to blue with increasing temperature and in the mixture of two polar compounds with the induction of smectic Ad phase the selective reflection of the light is from blue to red with increasing temperature. To check if the polarity of compounds are responsible for the differens in colour changes of the selectively reflected light two nonpolar, two polar, and polar and nonpolar compounds were mix together. It was found that the polarity of compounds do not influence the colour sequence only the distance of the compositions giving selective reflection of the light in the temperature-concentration scale from smectic phase.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124346996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Molecular engineering of high-birefringence liquid crystals 高双折射液晶的分子工程
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581090
S. Gauza, Janet R. Wu, Shin‐Tson Wu, A. Spadlo, R. Dabrowski, N. Janarthanan, Chain‐Shu Hsu, O. Cătănescu, L. Chien
{"title":"Molecular engineering of high-birefringence liquid crystals","authors":"S. Gauza, Janet R. Wu, Shin‐Tson Wu, A. Spadlo, R. Dabrowski, N. Janarthanan, Chain‐Shu Hsu, O. Cătănescu, L. Chien","doi":"10.1117/12.581090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581090","url":null,"abstract":"Several linearly conjugated isothiocyanato (NCS) tolanes, biphenyl-tolanes and bistolanes were synthesized and their properties evaluated. Eutectic mixtures compromising these compounds were formulated. The temperature dependent birefringence, visco-elastic coefficient and figure-of-merit were measured. These isothiocyanato tolane mixtures exhibit a favorably high figure of merit at elevated temperatures. Potential applications of these mixtures for laser beam steering, tunable-focus lens and telecom variable optical attenuator are emphasized.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128223709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of preparation method on PDLC morphology and properties 制备方法对PDLC形貌和性能的影响
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581217
M. Aleksander, S. Kłosowicz
{"title":"Effect of preparation method on PDLC morphology and properties","authors":"M. Aleksander, S. Kłosowicz","doi":"10.1117/12.581217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581217","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of preparation method and properties of components on the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) composite morphology is described. Three different methods of PDLC preparation -- encapsulation, solvent-induced phase separation and photopolymerization-induced phase separation have been studied. Especially designed nematic and chiral nematic mixtures have been used as liquid crystal (LC) materials fulfilling requirements for mutual solubility and refractive index matching of composite components. In all cases the effect of LC concentration and the rate of solidification of polymer binder has been analyzed. It has been confirmed that the mean size of LC droplets is approximately proportional to the LC concentration and inversely proportional to solidification rate. The shape of droplets is usually close to spherical but using special methods one can obtain ellipsoidal droplets. The effect of morphology on electro- and thermooptical properties of obtained PDLC systems has been studied. The correlation between PDLC morphology and possible applications is discussed.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133358970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Sticking effect of liquid crystal on photosensitive aligning materials 液晶对光敏对准材料的粘附效应
Liquid crystals (Print) Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.581207
I. Gerus, A. Glushchenko, Y. Kurioz, Y. Reznikov, O. Tereshchenko
{"title":"Sticking effect of liquid crystal on photosensitive aligning materials","authors":"I. Gerus, A. Glushchenko, Y. Kurioz, Y. Reznikov, O. Tereshchenko","doi":"10.1117/12.581207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581207","url":null,"abstract":"The sticking effect on photoaligning surfaces was investigated. We demonstrated that additional irradiation of photoaligning polymers with cinnamoil side groups with not-polarized UV-light strongly decreases their sticking parameter. We associate this effect with cross-linking of the flexible side-groups by UV light and, as a consequence, with light-induced strengthening of the photoaligning surface. Restriction of mobility of the flexible groups on the photoaligning surface (surface strengthening) resulted in depressing the sticking effect. The method of the decrease of the sticking effect by the light-induced strengthening is rather general, and it can be applied for any photoaligning materials undergoing a light-induced cross-linking of polymer fragments. For fluoro polyvinyl-cinnamate the light-induced strengthening allowed us to get the record value of the sticking parameter, S0 = 0.2%, which is better than traditional rubbed polyimide surfaces provide. Such a value of the sticking parameter along with other aligning characteristics allows considering fluoro polyvinyl-cinnamate as very prospective material for modern liquid crystal display technologies.","PeriodicalId":132866,"journal":{"name":"Liquid crystals (Print)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134391622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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