Immunobiology最新文献

{"title":"Attenuated S. typhimurium delivery of STAT3-siRNA and endostatin co-expression plasmids for immune and angiogenesis modulation in colorectal cancer","authors":"Ai Cui ,&nbsp;Wenyan Fan ,&nbsp;Tengyi Huang ,&nbsp;Xinyi Li ,&nbsp;Wenjing Xiong ,&nbsp;Yongni Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women worldwide. Due to its high metastasis rate and poor prognosis, CRC is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Combined gene therapy is a promising treatment that can be used to alter the genes involved in cancer genesis and development. This report describes the use of a eukaryotic co-expression plasmid that encodes both STAT3 siRNAs (si-STAT3) and endostatin for the treatment of CRC homografts in C57BL/6 mice, with attenuated <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> (<em>S. typhimurium</em>) used to facilitate efficient delivery of the plasmid.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, single treatment with either si-STAT3 or endostatin showed antitumor effects in the CRC homograft model, and the co-expression treatment had more significant antitumor effects. Not only did the co-expressed plasmids alter the STAT3 and endostatin expression, this treatment also down-regulated MMP2 and cyclin D1 expression and up-regulated caspase 3 expression. The levels of CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) were also affected by the combined treatment. In addition, the combined therapy altered cytokine expression, enhancing antitumor immunity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The combined gene therapy used in this study additively inhibited colorectal homograft tumor growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of HLA-E polymorphism and soluble HLA-E isoform in recurrent reproductive failures and male infertility","authors":"Agnieszka Tarnowska ,&nbsp;Andrzej Wiśniewski ,&nbsp;Julia Burnos ,&nbsp;Paweł Radwan ,&nbsp;Kazimierz Chorobik ,&nbsp;Michał Radwan ,&nbsp;Karolina Piekarska ,&nbsp;Andrzej Malinowski ,&nbsp;Jacek R. Wilczyński ,&nbsp;Izabela Nowak","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E as a non-classical HLA class I molecule interacting with NK and T cell receptors may activate or inhibit immune responses. These reactions can impact reproductive success because HLA-E is expressed by trophoblast cells. In this study, we investigated rs1264457 A/G HLA-E polymorphism in couples with reproductive failures such as recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after in vitro fertilization (IVF), recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and sporadic spontaneous abortion (SSA) after natural conception. Furthermore, we investigated the role of the soluble HLA-E isoform (sHLA-E) in women's plasma and seminal plasma of men participating in IVF procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used real-time PCR with a TaqMan probe to study the rs1264457 polymorphism, which represents a much better-known <em>HLA-E*01:01/HLA-E*01:03</em> dimorphism, and ELISA test to measure the soluble HLA-E isoform.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study indicates that the rs1264457 A/G polymorphism did not influence female infertility or susceptibility to RIF and RSA. However, we noticed that <em>HLA-E*0101</em> homozygotic men were more susceptible to having severe, very severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia (<em>p</em> = 0.013, OR = 1.70). Moreover, we found a higher concentration of sHLA-E in IVF patients than in control women (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001/p_corr. = 0.0024). In turn, a lower level of sHLA-E in semen plasma was associated with fewer sperm cells (p &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>HLA-E*0101</em> homozygosity and lower levels of soluble HLA-E in men's ejaculate are associated with reduced sperm count and may impact male fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in neutrophil function: Unveiling the discriminative nature of male and female neutrophils","authors":"Richard F. Kraus ,&nbsp;Nina Doblinger ,&nbsp;Michael A. Gruber ,&nbsp;Maria S. Wagner ,&nbsp;Johanna Rosenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Women and men are different on many biological levels. Mounting evidence is now recognized that even the immune system has some significant sex differences, which are mainly cell mediated. This study investigated sex-specific differences in function and regulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) in male and female healthy human donors to gain a deeper understanding of the immune response and potential sex-specific dimorphism in immunology.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PMNs were obtained from whole blood samples of healthy female and male donors by leuko−/lymphospin density centrifugation. Chemotaxis assays using μ-slide chemotaxis chambers were performed, in which N-formylmethionin-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulated PMNs migrated through a type I collagen matrix. We measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Additionally, a flow cytometry assay was conducted to examine functional variations of neutrophil surface markers CD62L, CD11b, and CD66b, as well as the oxidative burst in PMNs obtained from male and female donors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sex specific differences of neutrophil function could be determined. Male-derived PMNs initially migrated further distances, while female-derived PMNs showed more targeted movement. However, as the observation period progressed, male-derived PMNs began to exhibit more targeted migration, maintaining straightness towards the end. Differences in neutrophil surface marker expression were observed, with greater levels of CD11b and CD66b on male-derived PMNs after 2 h resting. The different immune effects between the sexes were seen in live cell imaging as well as in flow cytometry analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study revealed significant functional differences between PMNs from male and female donors. To gain reliable results in future PMN studies, it is crucial to consider the sex of the donor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deferoxamine attenuates sepsis-induced liver injury by suppressing ferroptosis","authors":"Haidan Zhang,&nbsp;Hongyao Li,&nbsp;Shixian Liu,&nbsp;Jiahui Zheng,&nbsp;Peiwu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The liver is among the organs most frequently damaged during sepsis, and sepsis-induced liver injury is an independent risk factor for early patient mortality. Ferroptosis has been implicated in sepsis-related organ dysfunction; however, its role in sepsis-induced liver injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in sepsis-associated liver injury.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A rat sepsis model was established in vivo using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In vitro, BRL-3A hepatocytes were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Deferoxamine (DFO) was administered prior to model induction. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations and the extent of liver injury were assessed. Ferroptosis-related biomarkers, including ferrous ions (Fe²⁺), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were quantified. Lipid peroxidation was measured using the BODIPY 581/591 C11 fluorescent probe. Mitochondrial function was evaluated using electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescent probe assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) In vivo, DFO treatment was found to alleviate systemic inflammation in septic rats and provided protective effects on the liver. It increased the 7-day survival rate, reduced serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and mitigated histopathological damage in liver tissue. In vitro, DFO treatment enhanced the viability of LPS-stimulated BRL-3A hepatocytes. (2) Ferroptosis was observed to be activated in septic rats as well as in LPS-stimulated BRL-3A hepatocytes. DFO reduced the intracellular concentration of ferrous ions and reduced lipid peroxidation as indicated by decreased PTGS2, ACSL4 and MDA. Furthermore, DFO alleviated mitochondrial damage (manifested as reduced mitochondrial volume, decreased membrane density, reduced cristae and outer membrane rupture, etc.), and mitochondrial function was improved. Finally, DFO elevated the levels of GSH and GPX4, which enhanced the antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Ferroptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced liver injury. Targeting the activation of ferroptosis in hepatocytes during sepsis through intervention with DFO may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of this condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus generated via a rapid construction and screening system","authors":"Guanglei Gu ,&nbsp;Jinhai Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Hu ,&nbsp;Xiuling Gu ,&nbsp;Shirui Li ,&nbsp;Hanle Li ,&nbsp;Min Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monoclonal antibodies are playing an increasingly important role in modern medicine. Human monoclonal antibodies have become a key focus in the development of monoclonal antibody therapeutics due to their safety. We developed an integrated platform that rapidly constructs and screens human antibodies by combining recombinant antigen production, fluorescent antigen tetramers, memory B-cell sorting, single-cell gene amplification, and single-chain antibody expression for rapid screening of antibody specificity. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors, we successfully generated human monoclonal antibodies targeting the N and S1 proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we applied the platform to produce protective human antibodies against the M1R protein of the monkeypox virus (MPXV). These results demonstrate that our system enables the rapid and efficient discovery of specific monoclonal antibodies, offering broad applicability for combating emerging infectious diseases and advancing cancer immunotherapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to poliovirus vaccine neurovirulence testing: development of an enhanced 4-level scoring system","authors":"Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Yunguang Hu ,&nbsp;Anguo Yin ,&nbsp;Changxu Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Xiang ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Bochuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Tian ,&nbsp;Yu Gao ,&nbsp;Mingrun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Yina Cun ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ongoing promotion and administration of vaccines play a critical role in the global effort to eradicate poliovirus. The Monkey Neurovirulence Test (MNVT) is an essential method for evaluating the neurovirulence of viruses in both the Oral Attenuated Live Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) and the Sabin Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (sIPV) to ensure they meet required safety standards. The “4-level scoring method” recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) has served as a key pathological evaluation criterion in this test. However, its lack of scoring granularity often leads to subjective interpretation discrepancies among evaluators, which compromises the consistency and reliability of the MNVT results. To address these limitations, we have mapped the primary neuronal nuclei in monkey tissue sections and analyzed viral-induced damage distribution. As a result, we developed an Enhanced 4-Level Scoring System (integrating precise anatomical mapping and quantitative lesion analysis), which minimizes evaluator bias and significantly improves scoring stability and consistency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"UMI-77 targets MCL-1 to activate mitophagy and ameliorate periodontitis in mice\" [Immunobiology 230(5) (2025) 153108].","authors":"Dalei Sun, Shu Ouyang, Xiaoxuan Xu, Jingjing Yan, Heqian Wang, Chenkai Lan, Wubin Ouyang, Liangjun Zhong, Jun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":" ","pages":"153120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"sgp130Fc alleviates cartilage degeneration and knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting IL-6 trans-signaling pathway","authors":"Chunrong He ,&nbsp;Lingjie Tan ,&nbsp;Chi Liang ,&nbsp;Jiewen Luo ,&nbsp;Ke Xiao ,&nbsp;Song Wu ,&nbsp;Jinshen He","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), contributing to chronic intra-articular inflammation and cartilage degradation. Soluble gp130-Fc (sgp130Fc) is a selective inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signaling that spares classical signaling. This study aimed to elucidate the role of IL-6 trans-signaling in knee OA and evaluate the therapeutic potential of sgp130Fc.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Synovial fluid from OA patients at different disease stages was analyzed for IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and sgp130 levels by ELISA. Primary rat chondrocytes were treated with Hyper-IL-6 to activate IL-6 trans-signaling and co-treated with sgp130Fc to assess cell viability, gene expression, and lipid metabolism alterations. A rat OA model was established via the Hulth method, followed by intra-articular administration of sgp130Fc. Histological, immunohistochemical, and lipidomic analyses were performed to evaluate cartilage integrity and inflammatory responses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, and sgp130 in synovial fluid increased with OA progression. Hyper-IL-6 impaired chondrocyte viability, activated JAK1-STAT3 signaling, promoted inflammatory and catabolic gene expression, and disrupted lipid metabolism, all of which were reversed by sgp130Fc treatment. In vivo, sgp130Fc injections alleviated cartilage degradation, reduced synovitis, suppressed inflammatory mediators, and restored lipid homeostasis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Targeted inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling with sgp130Fc effectively mitigates cartilage degeneration and inflammation in OA, highlighting its potential as a novel disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for knee osteoarthritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changpu Yujin Tang mitigates tourette syndrome by enhancing mitophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis","authors":"Shuang Huang ,&nbsp;Liwei Huang ,&nbsp;Mengxue Li ,&nbsp;Mingyang Sun ,&nbsp;Kexin Sun ,&nbsp;Xing Wei ,&nbsp;Bing Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuezhen He ,&nbsp;Fuchun Xue ,&nbsp;Lv Gao ,&nbsp;Manqi Lu ,&nbsp;Jing Shang ,&nbsp;Zhenggang Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Changpu Yujin Tang (CPYJT) is an effective Chinese herbal compound for treating Tourette syndrome (TS). However, its precise molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>105 SD rats were randomly divided into the Control (<em>n</em> = 15) and the TS (<em>n</em> = 90) groups. The TS group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 3,3′-iminodipropionitrile. After successful modeling, the TS group was further divided into 6 subgroups (<em>n</em> = 15 in each group): the Model group, the Tiapride group, the CPYJT group, the Rapamycin (RAPA) group, the 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group, and the CPYJT +3-MA group, and were treated with the corresponding drugs for 4 weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the Control group, rats in the Model group showed increased stereotyped and motor behaviors, damage to striatal neuronal cells and mitochondrial ultrastructure, decreased PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. CPYJT reduced stereotyped and motor behaviors, attenuated neuronal cell damage, and repaired mitochondrial pathology in the TS rats. Furthermore, both CPYJT and RAPA enhanced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, eliminated ROS accumulation, and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, CPYJT counteracted 3-MA's inhibitory effect on PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, thereby suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CPYJT inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduces pyroptosis by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and attenuating ROS accumulation, which in turn ameliorates TS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum exosome smallRNA array analysis identifies 5’tiRNA-PheGAA and tRF-1-IleAAT as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Yuanyuan Li ,&nbsp;Meiling Xu ,&nbsp;Nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Chong Qi ,&nbsp;Tingshuang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.153123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a recently identified class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that exhibit aberrant expression in various diseases and are involved in multiple pathological processes. In this study, we isolated exosomes from the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy individuals, and extracted total RNA for analysis using small RNA microarrays and tsRNA sequencing. We identified 866 tsRNAs that were differentially expressed between RA patients and healthy controls, with 146 upregulated and 720 downregulated. Among the upregulated tsRNAs, the five with the most significant increases were selected for further validation. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that 5’tiRNA-PheGAA and tRF-1-IleAAT were significantly upregulated in RA patients. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that these two tsRNAs are involved in tryptophan metabolism, autophagy, chemokine signaling, Rap1 signaling, and focal adhesion pathways. ROC curve analysis indicated that both tsRNAs exhibit strong diagnostic potential for RA. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that serum exosomal tsRNAs may serve as promising biomarkers for the effective diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 6","pages":"Article 153123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}