Immunobiology最新文献

{"title":"The Clinical significance of Peripheral Blood-related Inflammatory Markers in patients with AECOPD","authors":"Dehu Li ,&nbsp;Lanlan Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Lv ,&nbsp;Xianzhi Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers, including systemic immune inflammation index (SII), inflammatory response index (SIRI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), have received increasing clinical attention over the years. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). We hope that this study will provide guidance for clinical individualized treatment and management of AECOPD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 254 patients with AECOPD admitted between January 2021 and December 2022 were enrolled in this study and categorized into mild and moderate-to-severe groups. Univariate analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were performed to study the clinical value of peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers. Then, the relationship between the peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers and the risk of readmission owing to acute exacerbation during the first year after discharge was further studied through survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The levels of peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers in patients with moderate-to-severe AECOPD were significantly higher than patients in the mild group, and the levels of peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers are positively correlated with the severity of disease. The highest diagnostic accuracy for moderate-to-severe AECOPD was achieved by combining five indexes, with a cut-off value of 0.38 and an AUC of 0.837 (95 % CI: 0.789–0.885). Higher levels of peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers may indicate a higher risk of readmission within one year of hospital discharge in patients with AECOPD, and SII (HR = 3.478, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) was an independent risk factor. Besides, higher levels of peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers also suggest impaired pulmonary ventilation function and enlarged right ventricular diameter.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers (SII, SIRI, NLR, PLR, MLR) can serve as a reference for identifying patients with moderate-to-severe AECOPD. Patients with higher levels of peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers are more susceptible to experiencing acute exacerbation and readmission events within one year after hospital discharge. Peripheral blood-related inflammatory markers can assist clinicians in evaluating the condition and predicting the risk of readmission in patients with AECOPD more scientifically and objectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker identification for rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to DMARD and TNF therapies using multidimensional analyses","authors":"Leyuan Li ,&nbsp;Hui Guo ,&nbsp;Weijin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi Xiang ,&nbsp;Jun Chi ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiali Chen ,&nbsp;Zhimin Wang ,&nbsp;Liping Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune system disorder disease accompanied with severe joint damage. However, the molecular mechanism of RA with insensitive to medicine remains insufficient. Thus, this study aims to identify the biomarkers of RA patients with inadequate responses (IR) toward disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapies, using multidimensional analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Gene expression data GSE45291 originating from clinics were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus public database (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) closely associated with DMARD&amp;TNF-IR RA were identified using the Limma R package. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to identify critical genes. The CIBERSORT algorithm and single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) were employed for immune infiltration analysis and functional enrichment analysis, respectively. Lastly, mRNA expression levels of the identified hub genes in inflammatory conditions of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were further observed using RT-qPCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this work, a total of 17 genes were identified as hub genes. Of these, the expression levels of UHMK1, ELK4, APOC2, and SFT2D1 were significantly lowered in inflammatory conditions. GSEA indicated B cells with the immune-related genes play an essential role in the course of DMARD&amp;TNF-IR RA. Notable differences in immune cell proportions (activated. Dendritic. cell, CD56 bright. Natural. killer. Cell, gamma. Delta. T. cell, MDSC, macrophage) were observed between normal and disease groups, suggesting immune involvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study provide additional understanding of the detection of DMARD&amp;TNF-IR RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ureaplasma urealyticum GrpE protein elicits glycolysis-mediated inflammatory responses through TLR2 in macrophages","authors":"Jing Xie ,&nbsp;Nan Xie ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhemin Huang ,&nbsp;Min Du ,&nbsp;Hao Hu ,&nbsp;Kang Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiaofeng Peng ,&nbsp;Ranhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pathogenesis of <em>Ureaplasma urealyticum</em> infection is linked to the host inflammatory response; however, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. GrpE is a chaperonin that accelerates ADP release and ATP binding to DnaK, thereby enhancing the chaperone function of the HSP70 system under stress. However, alternative activities such as pro-inflammatory responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that the <em>U. urealyticum</em> GrpE exerts as a cytokine-inducing virulence factor toward macrophages. Using gene-knockout mice and specific inhibitors, we found that GrpE-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was mediated by the TLR2/STAT3 pathway. We also found that glycolysis was essential for this pro-inflammatory response. Mechanistically, GrpE treatment stimulated STAT3-dependent accumulation of citric acid and acetyl-CoA, promoting histone acetylation and potent pro-inflammatory responses. Our results indicate that glycolysis plays a role in the inflammatory response induced by GrpE through the TLR2/STAT3 pathway and contributes to the glycolysis-mediated inflammatory response, offering a fresh understanding of the development of <em>U. urealyticum</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOE modulates ferroptosis to drive macrophage polarization toward the M2 type and enhance PTC migration and invasion","authors":"Ziwen Li ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Sinuo Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Bin ,&nbsp;Suwei Zuo ,&nbsp;Ronghua Huo ,&nbsp;Jiayin Song ,&nbsp;Gang Xue ,&nbsp;Xu Lin ,&nbsp;Jingfang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous studies have found that Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays a crucial role in invasion and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells and enhance M2 macrophage polarization. Ferroptosis has been implicated in development of various tumors and their treatment resistance, and studies have shown that APOE is involved in ferroptosis regulation. However, whether APOE promotes PTC progression through ferroptosis modulation remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the ferroptosis-related mechanisms through which APOE facilitates cell invasion, migration, and macrophage polarization in PTC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The expression levels of APOE, Sodium-dependent cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT), Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), Ferritin Heavy Chain 1 (FTH1), and Fe²⁺ in PTC tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry, Prussian blue staining, and western blot. The effects and mechanisms of APOE on ferroptosis were further examined through a series of experiments, including immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, western blot, and colorimetric assays. Additionally, In vivo experiments were conducted to assess the effect of APOE silencing on ferroptosis. The interaction between ferroptosis and macrophages in regulating PTC cell invasion and migration was validated using assays.co-culture systems, wound healing assays, and Transwell migration assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In PTC tissues, Fe²⁺ accumulation was lower than in adjacent normal tissues, while the expression of APOE, xCT, GPX4, and FTH1 was significantly higher compared to adjacent normal tissues. Functional assays demonstrated that APOE inhibited ferroptosis in PTC cells, potentially by regulating ferroptosis through the PI3K/AKT1 pathway and modulating Fe²⁺ accumulation. Furthermore, APOE enhanced the invasion and migration abilities of PTC cells by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via ferroptosis inhibition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals that APOE regulates ferroptosis through the PI3K/AKT1 pathway, thereby driving macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, which in turn promotes the invasion and migration of PTC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Tfh cells and Tfr cells in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their diagnostic potential","authors":"Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Yu ,&nbsp;Minglei Jiang ,&nbsp;Renquan Lu ,&nbsp;Lin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aim to explore the alterations of circulating T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells in the peripheral blood of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), assess their association with PTC and the influence on B cells, and evaluate their diagnostic potential.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Peripheral blood samples were collected from 76 newly diagnosed PTC patients and 21 matched healthy controls between June 2023 and June 2024. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of circulating Tfh and Tfr cells. The relationships between these cell populations and variables such as sex, age, and disease stage were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of circulating Tfh and Tfr cells, individually and in combination, was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to healthy controls, PTC patients exhibited an increased proportion of circulating Tfh cells and a decrease proportion of Tfr cells. While the increase in Tfh cells was not subtype-specific, the proportions of Th1-like and Th17-like Tfr subtypes were significantly altered in the PTC group. The proportion of Tfr cells remained unaffected by sex or age, whereas the increase in Tfh cells was more pronounced in male and elderly patients. Although no significant differences were observed across disease stages, changes in Tfh and Tfr cell proportions correlated with B cell subtypes and certain thyroid-related indicators. ROC plots showed circulating Tfr cells had higher sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing PTC compared to Tfh cells or their combination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PTC patients showed changed circulating Tfh cells and Tfr cells, presenting diagnostic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism and Efficacy of Etanercept in Treating Autoimmune-like Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in elderly individuals","authors":"Lizhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyi Li ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Jie Geng ,&nbsp;Haojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoran Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Jinqi Lu ,&nbsp;Zhilun Li ,&nbsp;Hongbin Pu ,&nbsp;Chuandong Hou ,&nbsp;Chenghui Li ,&nbsp;Chumeng Gao ,&nbsp;Xia Song ,&nbsp;Zhuocheng Bao ,&nbsp;Bing Zhai ,&nbsp;Bo Guo ,&nbsp;Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Xuechun Lu ,&nbsp;Qi Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive research focused on universal treatments, but few studies addressed treatment regimens for elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of etanercept, a TNF inhibitor, in elderly individuals with COVID-19 through observational analysis of compassionate use cases. The results showed that after one month of etanercept treatment, clinical indicators such as C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen normalised, whereas the control group receiving conventional treatment did not fully recover. Single-cell sequencing was performed on seven patients treated with etanercept and two uninfected individuals. Based on our data and in conjunction with external data, a comprehensive characterization map involving 400,000 cells was created. Transcriptomic analysis revealed autoimmune-like manifestations in elderly patients, highlighting the importance of immunotherapy. Plasma cells, platelets, and B cells were the most treatment-sensitive cells. Analysis of five drug types, including antiviral, etanercept, glucocorticoids, tocilizumab, and others, showed that tocilizumab was associated with an increased thrombosis risk in elderly patients. Meanwhile, etanercept alleviated autoimmune-like manifestations by inhibiting platelet factor 4 and suppressing TNF-α. Molecular docking showed etanercept's strong affinity (−15.0 kcal/mol) for the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, suggesting it may protect immune-compromised patients. Our findings support etanercept as a potential treatment for elderly COVID-19 patients with autoimmune-like manifestations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giardia duodenalis triggered neutrophil extracellular traps in goats","authors":"Xi Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiaoyu Li ,&nbsp;Rongsheng Huang ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Qian,&nbsp;Yuqian Jiang,&nbsp;Tingting Liu,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang,&nbsp;Kairao Hu,&nbsp;Jing Huang,&nbsp;Wenlong Huang,&nbsp;Quan Liu,&nbsp;Zhengkai Wei,&nbsp;Haoji Zhang,&nbsp;Xingang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Giardia duodenalis</em> is a globally distributed zoonotic parasite primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, infecting various vertebrates, and the infection of which is prevalent in goats. Immune cells play a crucial role in pathogens invasion, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils serve as a non-specific defense mechanism against pathogens including parasites. In this study, we investigated the characteristics, components, and molecular mechanisms of goat NETs upon stimulation with <em>G. duodenalis</em> trophozoites. This study demonstrates that <em>G. duodenalis</em> trigger dose-dependent NETs formation in goat neutrophils, composed of DNA, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), and neutrophil elastase (NE). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation synchronizes with NETosis during <em>G. duodenalis</em> infection. Inhibitor experiments confirmed that <em>G. duodenalis</em>-induced NETs and ROS production depend on TLR2/4 signaling and require NADPH oxidase (NOX), ERK_1/2, and p38 MAPK activation. This work identifies TLR2/4, NOX, ERK_1/2, and p38 MAPK pathways as key regulators of NETs/ROS coordination during <em>G. duodenalis</em> infection, providing the first evidence of <em>G. duodenalis</em>-triggered NETs in goats. The findings highlight NETs as critical components of anti-<em>G. duodenalis</em> immunity and suggest potential for NETs-targeted therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal Analysis of Peripheral Blood T Cells in patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis at Different Stages using TCR Sequencing","authors":"Yufeng Liu ,&nbsp;Huachao Zhu ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanru Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hashimoto's Thyroiditis (HT) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive thyroid damage mediated by T cells. The clonal diversity and expansion of T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HT, but detailed insights into these characteristics at various disease stages are lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze and compare the clonal diversity and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in peripheral blood T cells across different stages of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis using TCR sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Peripheral blood samples from 19 HT patients at different disease stages and 4 healthy controls were collected. TCR sequencing was performed to assess T cell diversity and clonal expansion. Statistical analyses, including Shannon's entropy and Simpson's index, were employed to compare TCR diversity. Additionally, differential VJ gene usage and amino acid sequence diversity were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed significant differences in TCR diversity between HT patients and healthy controls, with HT patients showing lower diversity. Notably, the frequency of hyperexpanded clones was higher in HT patients. Specific VJ genes exhibited differential usage patterns across disease stages, and a set of unique amino acid sequences was identified in each stage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TCR sequencing highlights distinct clonal T cell expansions and shifts in VJ gene usage in HT patients, providing insights into the immune mechanisms driving disease progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the placental trophoblast of gestational diabetes mellitus. Possible role of leptin","authors":"Malika Tami ,&nbsp;Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto ,&nbsp;Daniel García-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Rocío Flores-Campos ,&nbsp;Teresa Vilariño-García ,&nbsp;Flora Sánchez-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Pilar Guadix ,&nbsp;José L. Dueñas ,&nbsp;Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana ,&nbsp;Luis de la Cruz-Merino ,&nbsp;Antonio Pérez-Pérez ,&nbsp;Víctor Sánchez-Margalet","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and significantly increases both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is a hallmark of GDM, and placental inflammation may play a key role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are innate immunosuppressive, are thought to contribute to feto-maternal tolerance. In normal pregnancies, elevated levels of MDSCs have been observed in both peripheral and umbilical cord blood. Our hypothesis postulates that trophoblasts from placentas belonging to women with GDM may have lower levels of MDSCs compared to trophoblasts from placentas originating from healthy pregnancies. Furthermore, since leptin is overexpressed in the placenta of GDM patients, we hypothesized that leptin might contribute to the reduction of MDSCs. To test this, we investigated the in vitro effects of leptin on MDSC levels in isolated peripheral blood leukocytes after 24 h of incubation. Our findings indicate that trophoblasts from placentas from women with GDM contain a lower percentage of MDSCs compared to trophoblasts from healthy pregnancies. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated that leptin reduces the number of MDSCs in peripheral blood leukocytes.</div><div>In conclusion, MDSCs are decreased in placentas from pregnancies with GDM, and leptin appears to reduce the number of MDSCs in leukocytes isolated in vitro. Increased leptin expression in trophoblasts from placentas of women with GDM may contribute to the lower levels of MDSCs, potentially playing a role in placental inflammation. However, further investigations are required to fully elucidate this mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Flow Cytometric Approach to Assess RBC-Bound IgG Antibodies in Different Age Populations","authors":"Anwar Ullah,&nbsp;Lina Liu,&nbsp;Xia Qi,&nbsp;Hui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imbio.2025.152896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>RBC-bound IgG antibody-mediated agglutination occurs when red blood cells (RBCs) cluster together due to the presence of antibodies or other contributing factors. This process could be favorable in the elderly population. Not only is it critical for blood typing procedures, but also plays a significant role in autoimmune hemolytic anemia, a condition characterized by escalated destruction of RBCs. Understanding these mechanisms are essential for precise diagnoses, ensuring the safety of blood transfusions, and facilitating laboratory testing protocols in clinical settings.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study explores to detect RBC-bound IgG antibodies in various age groups using flow cytometry method.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A total of 120 Serum samples were taken from different age groups of healthy individuals. In addation, 30 samples were obtained from individuals with autoimmune diseases, and another 30 samples were collected from healthy elderly individuals of the same ages. Serum (100 μL) were added in eppendorf tube containing equal amount of normal saline and 50 μL of 2 % RBC, mixed well and then kept in water bath at 37 °C for 30 min. After incubation, antihuman globulin (AHG) was added and checked for the index of agglutination (IAG) using flow cytometry method. A control sample was also analyzed using the same method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Flow cytometry analysis revealed significant differences in IAG between younger individuals and the elderly (<em>P</em>-value 0.003), demonstrating a positive linear relationship. Interestingly, no agglutination was observed in the younger group, whereas elderly healthy individuals exhibited agglutination. Furthermore, significant differences were found between autoimmune disease patients and elderly healthy individuals of the same age groups (<em>P</em>-value 0.0001), with strong IAG in autoimmune patients compared to relatively less agglutination in the elderly population.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study has successfully detected RBC-bound IgG antibodies in various age groups. Young age groups showed negative IAG while elderly individuals and patients with autoimmune diseases exhibited the presence of RBC-bound IgG antibodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13270,"journal":{"name":"Immunobiology","volume":"230 3","pages":"Article 152896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}