Yaogang Chen;Jun Hu;Jordi J. Mallorqui;Haiqiang Fu;Wenqing Wu;Leixin Zhang
{"title":"An Interferometric Phase Optimization Method Joining Polarimetric and Temporal Dimensions","authors":"Yaogang Chen;Jun Hu;Jordi J. Mallorqui;Haiqiang Fu;Wenqing Wu;Leixin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3556141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3556141","url":null,"abstract":"The polarimetric phase optimization method has been integrated into the multitemporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MT-InSAR) framework to enhance phase quality and deformation coverage, known as multitemporal polarimetric InSAR (MT-PolInSAR) technology. However, most existing MT-PolInSAR methods optimize phase separately in the temporal and polarimetric dimensions, failing to leverage the interdimensional relationships fully. This article proposes a novel multipolarization optimization method, which achieves one-step phase optimization by joining temporal and polarimetric dimensions based on a joint probability density function and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Additionally, a no-threshold regularization is employed to strengthen the stability of the multipolarization covariance matrix. The proposed approach has been validated through synthetic and real quad-polarization datasets. Regarding the real data, ALOS-2/PARSAR-2 from the Fengjie landslide in China and Radarsat-2 data from the Barcelona airport in Spain are used. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that our proposed approach significantly diminishes phase noise while increasing the density of measurement points.","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multi-source Heterogeneous Point Cloud Fine Registration Method for Large-scale Outdoor Scenes","authors":"Mengbing Xu, Xueting Zhong, Ruofei Zhong","doi":"10.1109/tgrs.2025.3560669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3560669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengmeng Liu, Ronghua Shang, Kang Liu, Jie Feng, Chao Wang, Songhua Xu, Yangyang Li
{"title":"Edge-enhanced Cascaded MRF for SAR Image Segmentation","authors":"Mengmeng Liu, Ronghua Shang, Kang Liu, Jie Feng, Chao Wang, Songhua Xu, Yangyang Li","doi":"10.1109/tgrs.2025.3561011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3561011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Spherical Geometric B-Spline Model for Lunar Brightness Temperature Data Approximation","authors":"Jiayang Li;Zhanchuan Cai;Mingwen Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560865","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560865","url":null,"abstract":"Brightness temperature (TB) data from the Chinese Chang’E-2 (CE-2) microwave radiometer (MRM) are constrained by the limited quantity of the original dataset, which cannot express global TB distribution. To construct the lunar TB model with the TB data obtained by the MRM onboard CE-2, we propose a novel spherical geometric B-spline (SGB-spline) model. The model fully integrates the observed TB data with the lunar geometric features and determines optimal fitting parameters through a subdivision-based optimization process. More specifically, the establishment of the lunar TB model begins by employing spherical area coordinates (SACs) for CE-2 TB data representation across all four frequency channels, followed by applying geometric B-splines to refine the TB distribution. At the same time, it preserves the geometric integrity of the Moon. We observed that the SGB-spline model constructs the more comprehensive TB models during both lunar daytime and nighttime in the 3-D Euclidean space, providing a more detailed representation of the spherical spatial information and the effect of frequency channels. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed SGB-spline model significantly outperforms representative interpolation approaches.","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Validation and Calibration of GNSS-Based Phase Synchronization for Bistatic and Multistatic SAR Missions","authors":"Eduardo Rodrigues-Silva;Marc Rodriguez-Cassola;Alberto Moreira;Gerhard Krieger","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3557151","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3557151","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the critical issue of phase synchronization in multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR). We present the experimental validation of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based synchronization technique planned for use in ESA’s upcoming Earth Explorer mission, Harmony. In this technique, the radar payload and GNSS receiver utilize the same main oscillator, and radar synchronization is achieved through the postprocessing of carrier phase data from the GNSS receiver and precise baseline determination (PBD) outputs. This article presents an experimental procedure that serves as a general proof of concept of the technique, a method for assessing the achievable synchronization accuracy for a given GNSS receiver, and a method to estimate the covariance matrix to optimize the weighting between the various carrier phase observables. We present point-to-point estimation and smoothing approaches. The technique achieved in a laboratory environment relative synchronization errors below 515 fs (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1sigma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), or 1° for a 5.4-GHz radar system, in a zero-baseline scenario, and below 1.5° at 5.4 GHz in a short-baseline scenario, in which the systems are physically separated.","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10965803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep-Learning-Based Zero-Sample Gradient Guidance Spatial Resolution Enhancement for Microwave Radiometer in Fengyun-3D","authors":"Minghao Feng;Weidong Hu;Yuming Bai;Zhiyu Yao;Vahid Rastinasab;Jian Shang","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560553","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560553","url":null,"abstract":"For satellite brightness temperature images, researchers are constantly pursuing higher resolutions to obtain more detailed meteorological information. In this article, a novel deep-learning-based modeling approach, named zero-sample gradient guidance spatial resolution enhancement (ZSGRE), is developed explicitly for microwave radiometers. The detailed model, including mathematical derivation and key parameters, is presented. Subsequently, the proposed approach is applied in four scenarios: synthetic scene, simulated geographical brightness temperature, practical measurement of microwave radiometer in Fengyun-3D (FY-3D), and a cyclone analysis on the Atlantic. Compared with other methods, the proposed ZSGRE method improves 2.51% of structural similarity (SSIM), enhances 2.3 dB of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and decreases 15.8% of instantaneous field of view (IFOV). Such applications demonstrate ZSGRE’s significant performance: zero-sample preparation and spatial resolution enhancement.","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong-Min Kim;Hyun-Cheol Kim;Jeong-Won Park;Jinku Park;Minji Seo;Sang-Moo Lee
{"title":"Advanced Algorithm for Continuous Melt Onset Detection on Arctic Sea Ice","authors":"Jong-Min Kim;Hyun-Cheol Kim;Jeong-Won Park;Jinku Park;Minji Seo;Sang-Moo Lee","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560261","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560261","url":null,"abstract":"Expansion of the Arctic melting season with an earlier melt onset date (MOD) is a well-known indicator of Arctic warming. Since 1979, the pan-Arctic MOD distributions usually have been estimated using passive satellite microwave radiometer observations. However, there is a poor agreement in MOD between previous MOD detection algorithms based on passive microwave measurements, raising doubts regarding the accuracy of their MOD products. Thus, this study developed a new MOD algorithm, namely TBmax algorithm, to improve the estimation accuracy of continuous melt onset. The TBmax algorithm utilizes the microwave radiation characteristics of sea ice, and the daily brightness temperature time series shows their maximum brightness temperature on MOD. By using AMSR2 brightness temperature data, the pan-Arctic MOD distributions estimated from 2013 to 2021 using the TBmax algorithm successfully reproduced a feature of sea ice melting that mainly during May or June over the Arctic, including the late melting tendency of ice at high latitudes and multiyear ice (MYI). Validation with independent dataset (ice mass balance (IMB) buoy data) suggested that the TBmax MODs showed superior performance compared to other previous algorithms (biases of 0.1 days versus −2.7 and 13.9 days). As MOD can provide information about surface emissivity and the energy budget of the sea ice, the improved MOD may contribute to a more precise analysis of Arctic environment change and enhanced estimation of sea ice parameters.","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}