{"title":"High-Resolution Seamless Mapping of the Leaf Area Index via Multisource Data and the Transformer Deep Learning Model","authors":"Pengfei Chen, Ke Zhou, Hongliang Fang","doi":"10.1109/tgrs.2025.3561326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3561326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generative Shadow Synthesis and Removal for Remote Sensing Images Through Embedding Illumination Models","authors":"Chenglin Shao;Huifang Li;Huanfeng Shen","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3561307","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3561307","url":null,"abstract":"Shadows significantly reduce the available information in remote sensing images, obstructing downstream tasks such as object detection, scene classification, and localization. Shadow removal from remote sensing images is, however, still an open issue for the following reasons. First, deep neural networks are difficult to train since the corresponding ground truth of shadows is almost always unavailable in practice. Second, the existing shadow removal methods still suffer from blurry details and boundary artifacts. In this article, we describe how a generative shadow synthesis and removal framework that couples data-driven methods with illumination models was developed to address the above challenges effectively. Various shadows were synthesized in shadow-free regions of remote sensing images by GSS-Net, which is a generative shadow synthesis network that considers the physical process of shadow illumination attenuation (SIA). In this way, a large-scale, diverse, and realistic shadow dataset (RS-SynShadow) was built. A generative shadow removal network—GSR-Net—embedding a histogram-enhanced illumination (HEI) model was then developed for high-fidelity shadow removal without artifacts. Extensive experiments conducted on synthetic and real data demonstrate that the proposed shadow synthesis and removal framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, both visually and quantitatively. The dataset and code will be made available at <uri>https://github.com/fzzfRS/RS-GSSR</uri>","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complex-valued SAR Image Super-Resolution via Sub-aperture Learning and Fusion","authors":"Ganggang Dong, Yao Wang, Hongwei Liu, Songlin Liu","doi":"10.1109/tgrs.2025.3561301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2025.3561301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Depth Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Small Sample Classification","authors":"Bing Liu;Xiaohui Chen;Zhixiang Xue;Pengqiang Zhang;Bing Zhang;Jiaying Yue","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3558817","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3558817","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of insufficient labeled samples has restricted the application of deep learning method in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification tasks. Fusion of remote sensing images from different sources such as HSI and LiDAR is a common strategy to improve the classification accuracy. However, obtaining multisource registered remote sensing images of the same area is time-consuming, which limits the application of multisource strategy in practice. Motivated by the recent success of large models in different fields, we propose to extract depth information from large models and fuse it with HSIs to improve the small sample classification accuracy. Specifically, we use the pretrained foundation large model to estimate the depth information of HSIs as the depth features, and then input the original spectral features and depth features into the support vector machine (SVM) to complete the classification. In order to further improve the classification accuracy, we propose to use the sliding window method to extract the depth features of different bands, so as to obtain more rich depth features. A large number of classification experiments on six benchmark datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gravity and Magnetic Data Extraction Based on Multispatial Sparsity Optimization","authors":"Dan Zhu;Xiangyun Hu;Shuang Liu;Danping Cao","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560979","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGRS.2025.3560979","url":null,"abstract":"Gravity and magnetic anomalies contain abundant geological information. However, redundant information complicates the study of exploration targets. Existing methods primarily rely on exploiting spectral differences between shallow and deep sources to separate anomalies of different depths. Nevertheless, spectral overlap limits these conventional methods to separating anomalies caused by significantly different depth sources. To reduce effects due to spectral overlap, we propose a novel method for potential field separation. This method capitalizes on the sparsity of gravity and magnetic data in both singular spectrum and model spaces and employs a single-layer equivalent source to represent anomalies induced by target sources. The anomalies caused by sources with different depths can be separated. After sparsely approximating single-layer equivalent sources, we obtain the local anomalies caused by sources within the same layer. Synthetic model experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high separation accuracy, particularly with respect to effectively separating anomalies induced by models with small depth differences. In addition, when comparing the noise resistance of low-rank methods with existing potential field separation methods using synthetic data, the results show that low-rank methods can extract effective signals from signals contaminated by sparse noise and periodic noise. We then apply this method to extract local gravity anomalies caused by intrusive rocks in the Nanling region and effectively identify gravity anomalies associated with various intrusive rocks. This method facilitates the separation of gravity and magnetic anomalies originating from sources at both different and similar depths, thereby expanding the applicability of separation techniques and enhancing the resolution of gravity and magnetic detection.","PeriodicalId":13213,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","volume":"63 ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}