{"title":"Trust Score Prediction and Management in IoT Ecosystems Using Markov Chains and MADM Techniques","authors":"Michail Bampatsikos;Ilias Politis;Thodoris Ioannidis;Christos Xenakis","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3531045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3531045","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of IoT networks necessitates robust and adaptive trust management (TM) systems to ensure secure and reliable interactions between devices. This paper introduces a novel TM framework for IoT devices, leveraging a statistical Markov chain model to calculate dynamic trust scores. Our approach integrates a Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) methodology to rank devices based on trustworthiness, providing a resource-efficient alternative to machine learning (ML)-based models. In contrast to ML approaches, which often require extensive data and are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, our statistical model provides a resilient and computationally efficient solution suitable for environments with limited data availability. The system architecture combines a Trust Management Server (TMS), an Intrusion Detection System (IDS), and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to secure data integrity and enable real-time trust assessment. Performance evaluations confirm the model’s capacity to manage diverse security threats within IoT ecosystems, while future work will focus on enhancing the system’s adaptability to novel threats, such as zero-day attacks, and exploring alternative decision-making models to improve resilience under uncertainty. This TM approach advances IoT network security by offering a scalable, lightweight solution adaptable to varied IoT environments.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"862-882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10844883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy Optimization in Consumer Lightings: An IoT-Based Adaptive Control Mode","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar Pandey;Prateek Goyal;Rajeev Kumar Pandey;Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3531131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3531131","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the limitations of conventional lighting systems, which often fail to adapt to dynamic changes in occupancy, daylight availability, and user preferences, resulting in significant energy waste and compromised user comfort. To address these shortcomings, this study presents a cost-effective & highly efficient real-time IoT-enabled adaptive lighting control model that incorporates a time-varying gain controller, passive infrared (PIR) sensor, Pulse width modulated (PWM) LED light sensors, and an adaptive processing unit within a feedback loop to optimize lighting for energy efficiency and user comfort. In addition to this a data-driven approach has been used for zone division, reference generation and occupancy mapping which helps to enhance adaptability across diverse environments. The proposed model dynamically adjusts the lighting levels by integrating real-time user input, daylight harvesting, and occupancy mapping. The real-time experimental validation demonstrates a 35% reduction in energy consumption compared to traditional methods, with a discounted payback period of 3.68 years. The figure of merit (efficiency/cost) of 33.3%, demonstrating comparability to current state-of-the-art systems and highlighting the potential for substantial cost reductions and energy savings. Future research will address sensor calibration challenges, investigate the effects of extended LED dimming, and explore advancements in scalability and predictive control integration.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"2285-2296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Two-Stage Mixed Integer Programming Model for Distributionally Robust State-Based Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring","authors":"Chen Zhang;Zimo Chai;Linfeng Yang","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3530422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3530422","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) model based on two-stage mixed-integer linear programming theory. Compared with other mixed integer optimization-based models, this paper model introduces fewer integer variables and richer absolute error function of load decomposition, which makes the power state selection of each device more accurate and the power consumption more accurate fitting. First, to tackle the issues related to noisy load data, an innovative load feature extraction model based on Kullback-Leibler distributionally robust optimization principles is introduced. Then the key features (power boundary/fluctuation features) of each device identified through this robust model are integrated into the constraints of the two-stage NILM model. The two-stage complementary framework includes: the determination of device state interval in the first stage; and the accurate fitting of device power consumption within the device state interval in the second stage. Comparative validation against existing optimization-based models on the AMPds, REFIT, and actual laboratory data sets demonstrate that our proposed model significantly enhances power decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency. In addition, the two-stage complementary framework and load feature extraction model can be applied to other optimization-based models of NILM to improve the computational efficiency of each model and the accuracy of load decomposition.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"1024-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving Health Operation of Flapping-Wing Robotic Aircraft Systems Using Event-Triggered Vibration Control Technology","authors":"Li Tang;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3529080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3529080","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the application of event-triggered vibration control technology for enhancing the health operation of Flapping-Wing Robotic Aircraft Systems (FWRAs) is studied. Based on the dynamic model constructed by partial differential equations, event-triggered controllers are designed. The controllers can not only accurately suppress the bending and torsional deformations vibrations generated during flight, prolong the life of the systems and improve the overall health operation level, but also reduce unnecessary communication frequency, significantly reduce energy consumption and optimize communication flexibility, which provides strong technical support for the health operation of FWRAs. In addition, the boundedness of the signals is ensured through meticulous parameter selection and comprehensive stability analysis. Moreover, the proposed method effectively avoids the Zeno phenomenon. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in improving the systems stability, prolonging the health service cycle and optimizing energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"1599-1608"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debashis Das;Pushpita Chatterjee;Sourav Banerjee;Uttam Ghosh;Mohammed S. Al-Numay
{"title":"Blockchain-Enabled Federated Learning for Security and Privacy in Consumer Electronics Devices","authors":"Debashis Das;Pushpita Chatterjee;Sourav Banerjee;Uttam Ghosh;Mohammed S. Al-Numay","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3528934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3528934","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer electronics devices (CEDs) are becoming increasingly interconnected and integrated into our daily lives. Thus, the demand for seamless communication, enhanced security, and reliable performance has increased. However, the widespread adoption of these devices raises significant concerns regarding security and privacy in computing, especially when collecting and processing sensitive consumer data. To address these challenges, robust security mechanisms are necessary to protect this sensitive data. In response to these challenges, Blockchain-Enabled Federated Learning for Consumer Electronics Devices (BFLCED) is proposed to make CEDs more secure and privacy-preserving. The combination of blockchain and federated learning (FL) provides a robust solution for real-world CEDs where data privacy and security are most important. The proposed BFLCED ensures devices are authenticated and communicated securely to maintain data integrity and confidentiality during model training. It generates unique identities using the Lightweight Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (LECDSA) and digital signatures for data integrity. Parallelly, smart contracts are employed to verify device identities & data integrity automatically and enable secure communication among devices. Data privacy is maintained during model aggregation by securely aggregating updates using encryption and multi-party computation (MPC). In the end, a security analysis is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms in safeguarding CEDs against potential threats and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, the proposed BFLCED transforms automation and personalization by securely connecting CEDs to our daily lives.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"2262-2270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuqiang Wang;Tong Zhou;Yanyan Shen;Ye Li;Guoheng Huang;Yong Hu
{"title":"Generative AI Enables EEG Super-Resolution via Spatio-Temporal Adaptive Diffusion Learning","authors":"Shuqiang Wang;Tong Zhou;Yanyan Shen;Ye Li;Guoheng Huang;Yong Hu","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3528438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3528438","url":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, particularly high-density EEG (HD EEG) devices, are widely used in fields such as neuroscience. HD EEG devices improve the spatial resolution of EEG by placing more electrodes on the scalp, which meet the requirements of clinical diagnostic applications such as epilepsy focus localization. However, this technique faces challenges, such as high acquisition costs and limited usage scenarios. In this paper, spatio-temporal adaptive diffusion models (STAD) are proposed to pioneer the use of diffusion models for achieving spatial SR reconstruction from low-resolution (LR, 64 channels or fewer) EEG to high-resolution (HR, 256 channels) EEG. Specifically, a spatio-temporal condition module is designed to extract the spatio-temporal features of LR EEG, which then used as conditional inputs to direct the reverse denoising process. Additionally, a multi-scale Transformer denoising module is constructed to leverage multi-scale convolution blocks and cross-attention-based diffusion Transformer blocks for conditional guidance to generate subject-adaptive SR EEG. Experimental results demonstrate that the STAD significantly enhances the spatial resolution of LR EEG and quantitatively outperforms existing methods. Furthermore, STAD demonstrate their value by applying synthetic SR EEG to classification and source localization tasks, indicating their potential to Substantially boost the spatial resolution of EEG.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"1034-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10839074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suresh Chavhan;Rohit Doswada;Deepak Gupta;Saymam Gunjal;Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
{"title":"Next Generation Intelligent Traffic Signal Control: Empowering Electronics Consumers With Edge-AIoT Capabilities","authors":"Suresh Chavhan;Rohit Doswada;Deepak Gupta;Saymam Gunjal;Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3529300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3529300","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic congestion has become a major issue that is being faced by the majority of road users. The increasing vehicle usage, and the lack of space and funds to construct new transport infrastructure, further complicates the issue. In this scenario, it is important to come up with an intelligent and economical solution that improves the quality of road users’ service. The problem with the traffic handling framework is signal timings are fixed which is not adaptive to the density of vehicles. To address this issue we propose an Edge-Augument Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) road user cooperation for traffic management. The proposed system efficiently utilizes electronic devices to learn and adapt to changing traffic conditions in real-time. By optimizing the traffic signal timings based on the actual traffic conditions, adaptive systems reduce delay, improve traffic flow, reduce fuel consumption and pollution, and improve the electronics consumers’ and road users’ experiences. The proposed system has been tested with real-time experiments by integrating Electronic devices like cameras, smartphones, and AGX Xavier (edge device) with Cloud (ThingSpeak). The proposed system is verified by simulating the proposed system in the SUMO traffic simulator and its reliability is concluded by comparing the waiting time, depart delay, running, and halt time with the existing traditional method.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"1926-1934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometry-Based Cooperative Conflict Resolution for Multi-AAV Combining Heading and Speed Control","authors":"Jian Yang;Kaixin Zhang;Qishen Zhong;Lidong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3526991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3526991","url":null,"abstract":"A safe and efficient conflict resolution method for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (AAVs) is essential for the safe operation of multi-AAV systems in complex environments. This paper proposes a geometry-based decentralized cooperative conflict resolution method. Firstly, the safe separation constraints for pairwise conflicts are analyzed, and the linearization of constraints is achieved by using the space-mapping method. The right-side policy is employed to establish the consensus among AAVs and ensure their coordinated flight. Secondly, a consensus constraint decoupling rule is established. It enables each AAV to obtain the feasible maneuver range for each pairwise conflict it involved independently. A rule for measuring the critical degree of conflicts is designed, which facilitates AAVs to generate feasible strategies in crowded scenarios. Thirdly, the conflict resolution problem is formulated as an optimization problem, with the objective function designed to minimize the additional consumption incurred from avoidance maneuvers. The task requirements of each AAV are considered in the objective function, which determines its preference on heading and speed maneuvers. The proposed method is demonstrated in representative scenarios and compared with existing algorithms. The results show that our method is capable of dealing with complex conflicts with less consumption and demonstrates robustness.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"945-958"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient (k, n) Secret Sharing on Media Data for Small k","authors":"Shyong Jian Shyu;Yin Te Tsai","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3528082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3528082","url":null,"abstract":"A threshold k out of n, or <inline-formula> <tex-math>$(k, n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, secret sharing with perfect security encodes a secret into n shadows for the n participants such that any k participants are capable of reconstructing the secret using their shadows, while any less than k ones cannot obtain any information about the secret. The shared data is not only safeguarded by the n participants in the threshold access structure, but also tolerant to any loss of up to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$n-k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shadows. Exploiting the properties of orthogonal Latin k-cubes, we propose a novel threshold secret sharing scheme with perfect security. The correctness and security of our scheme are formally proved. It is the first threshold scheme with perfect security based on Latin cubes. The computational results demonstrate the applicability and efficiency for sharing media data. The fast encoding/decoding efficiency for small k enables practical applications where timely retrieval of large shared data is required, particularly in scenarios involving consumer electronic devices and cloud services of distributed databases.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"314-322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Danial Ali Shah;Ali Kashif Bashir;Yasser D. Al-Otaibi;Maryam M. Al Dabel;Farman Ali
{"title":"Dynamic AI-Driven Network Slicing With O-RAN for Continuous Connectivity in Connected Vehicles and Onboard Consumer Electronics","authors":"Syed Danial Ali Shah;Ali Kashif Bashir;Yasser D. Al-Otaibi;Maryam M. Al Dabel;Farman Ali","doi":"10.1109/TCE.2025.3527857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCE.2025.3527857","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of connected and autonomous vehicles signifies an era of intelligent transportation systems, where robust and continued network connectivity is essential for critical applications and enhanced in-vehicle Consumer Electronics (CE) experiences. Slicing at the network’s edge offers tailored and dedicated logical networks for diverse and low-latency vehicular demands, including Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and in-car infotainment. However, seamless migration of network slices as vehicles traverse coverage areas of different network operators presents formidable challenges, such as ensuring continuous connectivity and uninterrupted service for both safety-critical systems and consumer-oriented services. In this paper, we introduced dynamic network slicing for continuous connectivity in connected vehicles and onboard CE using the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) framework in a highly dynamic and mobile environment. We implemented an xAPP within O-RAN that enables Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent to learn optimal policies through interaction with the network, guiding intelligent decisions on slice migration, resource allocation, and handover optimization. We conducted simulations and evaluations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed xAPP in maintaining optimal Quality of Service (QoS), ensuring efficient RAN resource utilization, minimizing service interruptions, and prioritizing safety-critical slices, all while supporting seamless operation of CE within vehicles during mobility.","PeriodicalId":13208,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics","volume":"71 1","pages":"720-733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}