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Arbitration Clauses and Disputes from the Central European Perspective: Blurring the Public-Private Divide 中欧视角下的仲裁条款与争议:公私界限的模糊
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-12-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3672608
Marie Talašová, Jaroslav Kudrna
{"title":"Arbitration Clauses and Disputes from the Central European Perspective: Blurring the Public-Private Divide","authors":"Marie Talašová, Jaroslav Kudrna","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3672608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3672608","url":null,"abstract":"The article begins by discussing arbitration clauses in public-private contracts entered into by public entities with private foreign investors. The authors plunged into the Czech Republic’s archives to dig out privatization contracts and look into dispute resolution mechanisms. The need for foreign investment, however, is not limited to the privatization process in the 1990s. The authors thus also explore current practices used when signing memoranda of understanding and investment contracts with foreign investors in three Central European countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland). The authors then discuss public-private arbitration disputes. The focus is on both commercial arbitration arising out of public-private contracts and investment arbitration. Legitimate state concerns for the public interest are present in both types of proceedings; therefore, referring to the public-private divide does not make much sense from a public interest perspective.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116776850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investment Misconceived: The Investment-Commerce Distinction in International Investment Law 投资误区:国际投资法中的投资-商业区分
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-09-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3444618
Stratos Pahis
{"title":"Investment Misconceived: The Investment-Commerce Distinction in International Investment Law","authors":"Stratos Pahis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3444618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3444618","url":null,"abstract":"The question of what constitutes an “investment” under the ICSID Convention, and is thus subject to protection under that treaty, is hotly contested and far from clear. A near-universal consensus has nevertheless emerged as to what does not constitute an “investment”: “ordinary commercial transactions,” such as sales. This Article demonstrates that this consensus is both more influential and far more flawed than the present literature recognizes. First, this Article shows that the putative distinction between commercial and investment transactions has been operationalized as a heretofore unrecognized jurisdictional test, which I dub the “commercial transaction” test. As measured in terms of negative jurisdictional holdings, this test has been as, if not more, impactful than the far more scrutinized and debated Salini test. Second, this Article demonstrates that the putative investment-commerce distinction is fundamentally flawed—as a matter of interpretation, conceptually, and in practice. Economic principles, international commercial law, and investor-State case law show that there is no principled, predictable or textually-supportable distinction between commercial and investment transactions. Finally, this Article addresses the policy implications of scrapping the “commercial transaction” test. It argues that there are several factors that would limit the negative impact of abandoning the test, and that in any event, the test is a crude and ineffective instrument for achieving any of the policy goals that could arguably justify it.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129067274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Rise of Preferential Agreements in Global Economic Governance: An Introduction 优惠协定在全球经济治理中的兴起:导论
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-07-14 DOI: 10.1163/22119000-12340149
Caroline Henckels, Markus Wagner
{"title":"The Rise of Preferential Agreements in Global Economic Governance: An Introduction","authors":"Caroline Henckels, Markus Wagner","doi":"10.1163/22119000-12340149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340149","url":null,"abstract":"We are experiencing a tumultuous period in global politics, with international economic governance facing a period of great uncertainty. Meanwhile, since the de facto collapse of the WTO’s Doha Round, a plethora of preferential agreements has begun to supplant the WTO’s rule-making function and to regulate the previously separate fields of international trade law and international investment law. This Special Issue has two objectives: to contribute to a greater understanding of the dynamics of preferential agreements as a source of new norms of global governance and their impact on the existing international trade and investment regimes, and to identify the implications that these developments have for States in their capacity as treaty negotiators and domestic regulators.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116849858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulatory Chill and the Effect of Investor State Dispute Settlements 监管寒意与投资者与国家争端解决的影响
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12417
E. Janeba
{"title":"Regulatory Chill and the Effect of Investor State Dispute Settlements","authors":"E. Janeba","doi":"10.1111/roie.12417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12417","url":null,"abstract":"Legal conflicts between multinational firms and host governments are often decided by international arbitration panels - as opposed to courts in the host country - due to provisions in international investment agreements known as Investor State Dispute Settlements (ISDS). Critics fear that investor protection such as ISDS make governments reluctant to adopt appropriate policies (regulatory chill). In this paper I develop a theoretical model in which the outcome of cases brought to court is uncertain due to the vagueness of the law protecting investors and a court’s inability to correctly identify a state of nature with certainty. I show that from a world welfare perspective there is no underregulation, only an overregulation problem. However, from a national welfare perspective “frivolous” lawsuits may lead to regulatory chill. I also identify conditions under which ISDS can lead to a Pareto improvement which involves simultaneous changes in compensation payments and protection rights relative to a national court.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"14 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121567363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Reverse Contributors? African State Parties, ICSID, and the Development of International Investment Law 反向贡献者?非洲缔约国、国际投资争端解决中心和国际投资法的发展
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-03-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3354059
{"title":"Reverse Contributors? African State Parties, ICSID, and the Development of International Investment Law","authors":"","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3354059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3354059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 International investment disputes involving African States before the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) have generated significant critical inquiry. Yet, not enough academic literature has been devoted to accounting for the implications that arise from the disputes involving African States to the development of the ICSID case law and international investment law in general. This article addresses this gap by conceptualizing African States parties before ICSID tribunals as reverse contributors. While the article acknowledges the critiques of ICSID vis-à-vis African State parties, it contends that, over time, the involvement of African States in ICSID disputes has generated opportunities for the clarification, confirmation and development of ICSID jurisprudence. Although the article is not a case for African exceptionalism, it contributes to the dearth of materials that revisit the participation of African States before ICSID, while simultaneously acknowledging the need for reforms.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127981604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Los tribunales arbitrales de inversiones internacionales: algunas reflexiones en torno al mecanismo de recusación de sus árbitros (Investment Arbitration Tribunals: Some Reflections on Arbitrator Challenges) 国际投资仲裁法庭:对仲裁员挑战机制的一些思考(投资仲裁法庭:对仲裁员挑战的一些思考)
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2019-02-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3331639
Katia Fach Gómez
{"title":"Los tribunales arbitrales de inversiones internacionales: algunas reflexiones en torno al mecanismo de recusación de sus árbitros (Investment Arbitration Tribunals: Some Reflections on Arbitrator Challenges)","authors":"Katia Fach Gómez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3331639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3331639","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: Este capítulo reflexiona sobre el mecanismo de recusación de los árbitros que dirimen las reclamaciones derivadas de inversiones internacionales en el marco del Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones (CIADI). Más concretamente, el capítulo se inicia exponiendo cuál es el marco normativo concreto que rige en CIADI en materia de recusación de árbitros. A renglón seguido, el estudio presta atención a la casuística que la práctica arbitral de CIADI ha generado en dicha materia. Ello conduce a adentrarse a continuación en el examen de los aspectos controvertidos de la aplicación de la normativa CIADI en materia de recusación. Tras realizar un acercamiento a las actuales propuestas de enmiendas a las Reglas de CIADI y a otras modificaciones en materia de recusación que se están impulsando desde fuera del contexto de CIADI, este capítulo concluye con unos comentarios adicionales sobre cuál puede ser el futuro de la institución de la recusación de los expertos encargados de resolver las controversias derivadas de inversiones internacionales. English Abstract: This paper reflects on the arbitrators´challenge mechanism within the framework of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). More specifically, the paper begins by explaining the concrete ICSID normative framework in the matter of arbitrators´s challenges. The article also pays attention to the case law that the arbitration practice of CIADI has generated in this matter. This leads to a discussion of the controversial aspects of the application of the ICSID rules on disqualification. After approaching the current proposals for amendments to the ICSID Rules and other modifications in the matter that are being promoted from outside the context of ICSID, this paper concludes with some additional comments on the future of arbitrators´challenges.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"548 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114162019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Equality of Parties Before International Investment Tribunals 各方在国际投资法庭面前的平等
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-12-10 DOI: 10.1093/ICSIDREVIEW/SIAA052
Campbell McLachlan
{"title":"Equality of Parties Before International Investment Tribunals","authors":"Campbell McLachlan","doi":"10.1093/ICSIDREVIEW/SIAA052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ICSIDREVIEW/SIAA052","url":null,"abstract":"The equality of the parties is a fundamental element of a fair system of adjudication. As such it is applicable to international investment arbitration. Yet the application of the equality principle in this context has given rise to much recent debate both at the procedural and at the constitutional level, as states and other stakeholders have considered the scope for reform of investment arbitration. This Report, commissioned for the 18th Commission of the Institut de Droit International, analyses the implications of the equality principle in its application both to the establishment and design of an international investment tribunal and to its procedures: the admissibility of claims and counterclaims; and admissibility or exclusion of evidence; the effect of the State's criminal law powers on the tribunal's process; costs and security for costs. The Report will be published in the Annuaire de l'Institut de Droit International and debated at its 79th Session in The Hague, August 2019.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114469343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
ICSID Arbitration Reform: Mapping Concerns of Users and How to Address Them ICSID仲裁改革:用户关注的映射和如何解决它们
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-11-08 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3280782
Yarik Kryvoi
{"title":"ICSID Arbitration Reform: Mapping Concerns of Users and How to Address Them","authors":"Yarik Kryvoi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3280782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3280782","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarises key practical concerns of some members of the Investment Treaty Forum related to ICSID arbitration, as well as a wider community of experts, how the ICSID reform proposals address these concerns and makes suggestions for further improvement. \u0000 \u0000The paper looks at key concerns of ICSID arbitration users such as timely appointment of arbitrators and challenges to it, over-committed arbitrators and their conflicts of interest, access to emergency arbitrators and fast-track arbitration procedure, procedure for summary rejection of claims and amicable settlement of disputes, consolidation of proceedings, allocation of costs and security for costs, timely rendering of awards and consistency of ICSID annulment decisions. \u0000 \u0000The paper also includes a comparison between the ICSID Arbitration Rules and other major arbitration rules designed for investment arbitration proceedings: the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules, the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce Arbitration Rules (SCC Rules), and the 2017 EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA).","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125694735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Public Policy Considerations in Intellectual Property-Related International Investment Arbitration 知识产权相关国际投资仲裁中的公共政策考量
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-10-18 DOI: 10.4337/9781788977821.00020
Simon Klopschinski
{"title":"Public Policy Considerations in Intellectual Property-Related International Investment Arbitration","authors":"Simon Klopschinski","doi":"10.4337/9781788977821.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788977821.00020","url":null,"abstract":"In the investment arbitration Philip Morris v. Uruguay the arbitral tribunal rejected Philip Morris’ claim that Uruguay’s anti-smoking legislation expropriated the tobacco company’s trademarks. In its reasoning the tribunal largely deferred to Uruguay’s policy decision to curtail tobacco companies’ business operations for the purpose of enhancing public health. Philip Morris v. Uruguay raises the question if there are, apart from public health, other public policy considerations which the tribunal should have given more weight to, e.g. the promotion of foreign investment and the protection of intellectual property (IP). The article explores the concept of ‘public policy’ and how IP law, WTO law as well as international investment law, i.e. the legal regimes relevant to IP-related investment arbitration, deal with public policy considerations. The article also reviews the handling of public policy considerations in the IP-related investment arbitrations Philip Morris v. Uruguay, Eli Lilly v. Canada as well as Bridgestone v. Panama.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121781423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Winning or Losing in Investor‐To‐State Dispute Resolution: The Role of Arbitrator Bias and Experience 投资者-国家争端解决中的输赢:仲裁员偏见和经验的作用
LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic) Pub Date : 2018-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/roie.12347
Julian Donaubauer, E. Neumayer, Peter Nunnenkamp
{"title":"Winning or Losing in Investor‐To‐State Dispute Resolution: The Role of Arbitrator Bias and Experience","authors":"Julian Donaubauer, E. Neumayer, Peter Nunnenkamp","doi":"10.1111/roie.12347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roie.12347","url":null,"abstract":"When an investor sues a state for alleged breaches of its obligations under an investment treaty or a trade agreement with investment provisions, all that should matter for who wins the case are the merits of the claim itself. Alas, investor-to-state dispute settlement (ISDS) does not take place in a vacuum. Such cases are decided by a tribunal typically consisting of three arbitrators, one each nominated by the two parties while the president is mutually agreed upon. We demonstrate that the kind of involvement of these arbitrators in previous ISDS cases matters for the case under dispute. Specifically, we show that what we label the president's pro-investor bias - the number of times they have previously been nominated by an investor minus the number of times they have represented respondent states - raises the likelihood that an investor wins an ISDS case. An investor can further raise its chances of prevailing by appointing an arbitrator with greater experience, defined as the number of ISDS cases they have previously been involved in. Greater experience of the state-appointed arbitrator has no independent effect but conditions the effect that president bias has. Given the president's crucial role, the main implication of our findings is that presidents should be drawn from among those who have not systematically represented more one side than the other in previous cases.","PeriodicalId":131966,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Dispute Resolution (Topic)","volume":"363 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120838239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
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