HIV Medicine最新文献

{"title":"False-positive reactivity of fourth-generation HIV enzyme immunoassay caused by COVID-19 and other infections.","authors":"Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan, Ahmed Elhussiny Salah, Zeinab R Mohamed, Abanoub Ayoub, Abdel-Rahman AboDief, Salma H Badry","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are the cornerstones in HIV elimination. Fourth- and fifth-generation HIV enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) can detect patients with acute infection. However, HIV false-positive results can occur, requiring confirmatory nucleic acid amplification testing, which is expensive and may not be available.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review highlights reports on various infections and vaccines causing false-positive reactivity in fourth-generation HIV immunoassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the improvements in tests of HIV immunoassays, false-positive results may occur, which require continuous updates in testing algorithms to be used appropriately with newer assays. Many factors can result in false-positive HIV serological assays, such as COVID-19, several viral, bacterial or parasitic infections, and vaccines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physicians should be aware of the causes of false-positive HIV reactions and include them in the clinical assessment of suspected cases and consider confirmatory testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring HIV knowledge and attitudes in the health care setting: Italian results from an ECDC/EACS survey.","authors":"Maria Mazzitelli, Mattia Trunfio, Karine Dubé, Ana-Mendez Lopez, Esteban Martinez","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2023, ECDC and EACS conducted a survey aimed to assess health care providers' knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on key concepts of HIV transmission and prevention, and their behaviours towards people living with HIV (PLWH) in the WHO European Region. The present work describes data from Italy to identify areas requiring implementation at the national level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We anonymously collected and analysed cross-sectional survey data from 438 Italian health care professionals from Italy and described them by clinical settings and years of practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 438 respondents (36 ± 11 years, 77.8% physicians and 38.3% HIV care providers). Less than half of them (43.8%) had received training on \"equity, diversity, or inclusion\" and \"HIV stigma/discrimination.\" Less than a fifth (17.4%) disagreed with the statement \"Undetectable = Untransmittable\", and 23.4% and 39.8% were unaware of the preventive benefits of pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Knowledge was lower among non-HIV care providers and those with <5 years of work experience. Concerns about acquiring HIV through routine, low/no-risk clinical activities were more common among non-HIV care providers and less experienced professionals, leading to inappropriate and stigmatizing practices (e.g., use of double gloves) in up to 52.4% of cases. Over a fifth (29.2%) of respondents were unaware of workplace protocols for HIV-specific infection control and PEP. Discriminatory behaviours, including unwillingness to care for PLWH and unauthorized disclosure of HIV status, were reported by 21.9% and 12.5% of respondents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight significant knowledge gaps and improper or stigmatizing practices for HIV care in the Italian health care system. Improved educational initiatives, starting before entering the workforce and extending to institutions outside HIV care settings, are needed to reduce stigma and improve health care practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid start with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) as initial treatment in people with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1): A systematic literature review of clinical and patient-reported outcomes.","authors":"Jade Ghosn, Jeremy Chow, Monica Gandhi, Miguel Górgolas, Aws Al-Hayani, Hansel Tookes, Max Lee, Emily F Kaiser, David Malebranche, Fernando Alvarez Bognar, Bhumi Gandhi-Patel, Lili Dai","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment guidelines recommend rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among eligible people with HIV to improve treatment outcomes and reduce HIV transmission. Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF), an integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based single-tablet regimen, is recommended for rapid start in US and European guidelines. This systematic literature review synthesized evidence on the efficacy, safety and effect on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of B/F/TAF rapid start among newly diagnosed people with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched in January 2024, supplemented by searches of conference proceedings and clinical trial records. English-language interventional studies of B/F/TAF rapid start among ART-naïve people with HIV reporting efficacy, safety or PROs were eligible. Study quality was assessed using York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination or Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions checklists. Results were synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across eight included studies, 745 people with HIV received B/F/TAF rapid start, 171 received rapid start comparators and 255 received non-rapid start comparators. At Weeks 24 and 48, 80%-94% and 74%-96% of people with HIV treated with B/F/TAF rapid start achieved viral load <50 copies/mL, respectively. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was 0%-3%, and grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 0%-3% of people with HIV receiving B/F/TAF rapid start. Rapid start improved engagement in care over traditional non-rapid start approaches, and B/F/TAF rapid start reduced anxiety and improved quality of life among people with HIV. Limitations of the review included heterogeneous study definitions of \"rapid start\" and limited data availability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>B/F/TAF rapid start was efficacious, safe and associated with high engagement in care and improved PROs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its associated factors in Asian countries: A systematic review.","authors":"Mohd Izwan Ghazali, Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki, Mahmoud Danaee","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite widespread public health interventions and research on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), late diagnosis and presentation into care constitute serious challenges to effective prevention and control of the disease. Asia, the continent with the highest human population, accommodates a significant population of people living with HIV (PLWH), highlighting the need for effective prevention and control strategies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to systematically analyze the prevalence and the trend of late HIV diagnosis, and the associated risk factors in the Asian region.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following a literature search in Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar, the modified version of the PRISMA guidelines was applied in synthesizing results from relevant studies without performing meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence estimates of late HIV presentation in China and Iran were 64.5% (95% CI: 42.6%-79.4%) and 68.2% (95% CI: 54.8%-85.6%) respectively, whereas the estimates from other Asian countries ranged from 28.5% to 71% (95% CI: 68.0%-73.0%). Most countries recorded a prevalence higher than 50%. The predominant risk factors were older age, being single, male gender, drug use, low educational status, and suffering from one or more comorbidities. Evidence suggests that changes in national guidelines and testing policies have contributed to the trend of HIV diagnosis in the Asian region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeted public health interventions to enhance early HIV diagnosis and entry into care are urgently needed and should be tailored to target the high-risk groups in each country.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144496093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender equality in leadership of HIV care cascade clinical trials: A methodological study.","authors":"Fiona Rezene, Brendan Amoyaw, Myanca Rodrigues, Sandra Ofori, Lawrence Mbuagbaw","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hiv.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Equitable representation in research leadership is essential across all areas of medical science. In the context of HIV-where women are disproportionately affected-examining gender distribution in the leadership of HIV trials is essential to assess progress towards equity and identify persisting barriers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a methodological study of trials from the CASCADE database, which evaluates interventions to improve the HIV care cascade. We extracted first and last authors' names and used Genderize.io to determine their gender, classifying authors as 'women' if the probability was 60% or greater. The primary outcome was the proportion of trials with women in leadership (first or last author), with secondary outcomes examining the proportions of trials with women as: first authors, last authors and in both roles. We also assessed associations with country income level, focus on women participants, study setting, pragmatism and team size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gender for both authorship roles could be determined in 332 trials, of which 233/332 (70.2%) had a woman first or last author; 169/334 (50.6%) had a woman first author; 143/337 (42.4%) had a woman last author and 74/332 (22.3%) featured women in both roles. Women's leadership increased over time but was not associated with country income level, gender focus, study setting or impact factor. Effectiveness trials and those with fewer authors were more likely to have women in leadership.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women's leadership in HIV trials has increased, reflecting progress in gender equity. However, smaller author teams appear to facilitate women's leadership, suggesting barriers in larger collaborations. Continued efforts are needed to ensure sustained progress and equitable representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of dual antiretroviral therapy in individuals with different serological patterns for hepatitis B: What are the risks? What are the clinical implications?","authors":"Arda Kaya, Dominik Benke, Tracy Swan, Sven Breitschwerdt, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Christoph Boesecke, Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine in observational cohort studies: A systematic review on virological failure, resistance and re-suppression outcomes in virally suppressed individuals living with HIV.","authors":"Kyle Ring, Alexa Elias, Megan Devonald, Melanie Smuk, Chloe Orkin","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Randomized controlled trial evidence suggests that long-acting injectable (LA-I) cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) has similar virological failure (VF) rates to daily oral therapy, but clinical practice evidence is lacking. Integrase inhibitor (INI) resistance may limit future therapy. The optimal regimen is uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We synthesized evidence from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and conference abstract databases through 18 November 2024, to identify observational cohort studies (OCS) that reported on VF events in virally suppressed individuals who switched to LA-I CAB+RPV. We extracted data on VF, resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) at VF, post-VF regimen choice and re-suppression. We assessed the risk of bias using a modified Downs and Black tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VF definitions differed considerably among OCS, with 172 individuals experiencing VF across 79 cohorts that included 13 899 individuals. Twenty-eight cohorts (n = 7987) reported genotypic information at VF. Out of the 80 VF events with genotypic information available at the time of the VF event, NNRTI mutations were identified in 45 cases, INIs in 40 cases, and dual-class resistance in 33 cases. Notably, 28 VF events were not accompanied by resistance. Post-VF regimen choices were reported for 92 VF events. Regimens used were protease inhibitor (PI)-based, oral INI-based and some physicians continued LA-I CAB+RPV post-VF. Re-suppression occurred in 87.8% (65/74) of VF events in which it was described.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In OCS, VF was a very uncommon occurrence and comparable with clinical trials. However, when it did occur, it was frequently accompanied by resistance. Post-VF regimens used to achieve suppression varied, including LA-I CAB+RPV maintenance and were highly successful.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144283746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors mediating and associated with immunological response in women living with HIV in Sweden: A nationwide register-based study.","authors":"Josefin Nilsson, Olof Elvstam, Erik Sörstedt, Philippe Wagner, Piotr Nowak, Johanna Brännström, Christina Carlander","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Women remain underrepresented in studies on immunological response (IR) among virally suppressed people living with HIV. Despite receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) some individuals do not attain an IR, increasing their risk of non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. This nationwide study investigated biomedical and social factors associated with IR among women with HIV in Sweden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a register-based cohort study using the Swedish National HIV Registry (InfCareHIV). Virally suppressed women diagnosed with HIV between 2000 and 2020, ≥18 years old were included. Included women were observed for 2 years after ART initiation. The associations between IR and clinical and social determinants were investigated using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 841 women included in the final model, of whom 90% (n = 739, 95% CI: 0.88-0.92) had an IR after a 2-year follow-up. Mean age was 37 years at inclusion, and 52% (n = 439) were born in a sub-Saharan African country. A significant interaction between baseline HIV viral load and HIV acquisition mode was observed. Higher baseline HIV viral load (≥100 000 copies/mL) increased the odds of IR (adjOR 1.81, 95% CI: 0.96-3.41), except among women acquiring HIV via intravenous drug use (IDU), where this association was strongly attenuated (adjOR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.35). Baseline CD4, ART experience and age showed no significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relationship between higher baseline HIV viral load and improved IR differed by HIV acquisition mode, suggesting the importance of tailored interventions addressing social determinants and immune activation. This potential interaction needs to be validated in future studies, also including sex-specific variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15 are associated with severity of hepatic steatosis in people with HIV.","authors":"Paula Debroy, F Pike, S Gawrieh, K E Corey, S Hartig, A Balasubramanyam, K Ailstock, N Funderburg, J E Lake","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hiv.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatic steatosis poses a significant health burden in people with HIV. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) production from the liver regulates glucose metabolism. Higher serum levels of FGF21 are associated with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis in the general population. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) secretion from the liver is also upregulated in chronic inflammatory diseases and is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction in people with HIV. Here, we measured serum FGF21 and GDF15 concentrations in people with HIV and hepatic steatosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 177 people with HIV with no other known cause of liver disease underwent vibration-controlled transient elastography for controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) quantification. Hepatic steatosis was defined as CAP ≥ 263 dB/m and advanced fibrosis as LSM > 12 kPa. Fasting serum total FGF21 and GDF15 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Relationships between biomarkers and hepatic parameters were analysed using a Censored Tobit Model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with hepatic steatosis exhibited significantly higher mean (SD) levels of serum FGF21 (p = 0.002) and GDF15 (p = 0.02) than participants without steatosis. FGF21 levels increased with BMI (p = 0.04). Higher FGF21 and GDF15 levels correlated modestly with higher CAP (FGF21 r = 0.30, p < 0.001; GDF15 r = 0.21, p = 0.01) and LSM scores (FGF21 r = 0.25, p < 0.001; GDF15 r = 0.27, p = 0.01). FGF21 concentrations were 40% higher and GDF15 17% higher in persons with steatosis. Participants with the highest FGF21 levels (quartile 4) showed significantly higher mean CAP and LSM values, and longer mean duration of HIV compared with persons in quartile 1. Similar trends were also seen with GDF15 level quartiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>People with HIV and hepatic steatosis had higher levels of serum FGF21 and GDF15 than those without steatosis, and levels correlated with disease severity. FGF21 and GDF15 may aid in identifying people with HIV at risk of steatotic liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in characteristics and HIV-clinical outcomes of pregnant people living with HIV in the UK.","authors":"H Okhai, A Baskaran, L Bukasa, H Peters, C Thorne, C Sabin","doi":"10.1111/hiv.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we explore changes in the demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant people living with HIV, and their post-partum HIV outcomes between 2000 and 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We described pregnancies resulting in a live birth from the linked UK CHIC/ISOSS dataset in three calendar periods (2000-2006; 2007-2012; 2013-2018). Thereafter, we explored median CD4 count change and viral rebound from delivery to 12 months post-partum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 4341 pregnancies were included. Maternal age increased from 31 (IQR: 28-35) years in 2000-2006 to 34 (IQR: 30-37) years in 2013-2018. Those conceiving in the most recent period had been diagnosed with HIV for longer (2000-2006: 3.0 years to 2013-2018: 7.5 years), had a higher median CD4 count (431-583 cells/mm³), and median nadir CD4 count (219-260 cells/mm³); they were also more likely to have initiated ART prior to estimated conception (70.1%-92.3%), and have a suppressed conception viral loads (VL) (56.6%-82.0%). There was no difference in median CD4 count change over the three calendar periods (2000-2006: +60 [IQR: -44, +179]; 2007-2012: +51 [-45, +172]; 2013-2018: +28 [-100, +175] cells/mm³; p = 0.12). The cumulative proportion of people with viral rebound at 12 months post-delivery was reduced in 2013-2018 (8.2%) when compared with previous periods (2000-2006: 28.1%; 2007-2012: 19.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical management of pregnant people has changed over time, resulting in positive trends in this study both within pregnancy and post-partum. Further work needs to understand what barriers remain for those who do not achieve optimal management of HIV in the post-partum period.</p>","PeriodicalId":13176,"journal":{"name":"HIV Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}