{"title":"Hypnotism and Analogous States","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many writings of Gilles de la Tourette, his book L’hypnotisme et les états analogues was the most successful, with two editions and translations in German and Italian. After brilliantly introducing the history of the discovery of this trance state, Gilles de la Tourette described the studies undertaken by the Salpêtrière School on hypnotism and its use for hysteria. Supporting his arguments with evidence, he claimed it was necessary to consider the practice of hypnosis as a medical therapy and to prohibit its uncontrolled use by non-physicians, notably healers and entertainers. A few of the clinical cases covered are analyzed parallel to the writings of other alienists at that time, such as Paul Sollier and Alfred Maury. Gilles de la Tourette’s hidden debt to Alexandre Cullere is at last brought to light.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127134093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical and Therapeutic Treatise on Hysteria","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The second part of Gilles de la Tourette’s Traité de l’Hystérie, on “paroxysmic hysteria,” is a vast catalogue of numerous pathologies. The author analyzes select chapters on hysteria in children, hysterical sleep, and a series of pathologies erroneously attributed to hysteria (with adverse consequences for the patients). The chapter also examines Gilles de la Tourette’s efforts to establish a biological test for distinguishing hysteria from epilepsy. There are multiple references to works and theses of students and colleagues of Gilles de la Tourette and Charcot who today have been forgotten. This considerable compilation bears witness to Gilles de la Tourette’s prodigious capacity for hard work.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126935291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correspondence Between Octave Lebesgue, Known as Georges Montorgueil, and Gilles de la Tourette","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Octave Lebesgue (1857–1933), better known by the pen name Georges Montorgeuil, was a contemporary of Georges Gilles de la Tourette. They were brought together by their anticlerical, progressive political ideas and by friends in common, and both made significant advances in their professional careers during the last decade of the nineteenth century. Their epistolary exchange is conserved in the French National Archives in Paris, but has been neglected until now. Beyond their close friendship, it reveals the mutual favors exchanged between them. Well-connected in the political world of the Third Republic, Montorgueil helped build Gilles de la Tourette’s reputation. The detriments of this media coverage came at a time when Gilles de la Tourette’s illness began to disrupt his behavior and weaken his judgment. Decline marked the final years of this neuropsychiatrist, whose fame had been in part due to the support of his journalist friend.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sœur Jeanne des Anges, supérieure des Ursulines de Loudun","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Gilles de la Tourette, Charcot, Bourneville, and Axenfeld all belonged to the group of atheist or free-thinking physicians who sought, during the second half of the nineteenth century, to fit possession, ecstasy, visions, and miraculous healings into the framework of mental pathology. This meant frontal opposition to the Church and to Catholic physicians. The book by Gilles de la Tourette and Gabriel Legué, Sœur Jeanne des anges, Supérieure des Ursulines de Loudun, published in 1886 in the “Bibliothèque diabolique” collection directed by Bourneville, was their contribution to this medical-political cause. The genesis of the work, its bibliographic sources, and society’s view of hysteria at the time are discussed with relation to the historical, political, and literary aims of Gilles de la Tourette and Legué.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131733584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Doctoral Thesis","authors":"Olivier Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"On December 28, 1885, Gilles de la Tourette defended his doctoral thesis in medicine with his teacher, Jean-Martin Charcot, presiding over the jury. The subject, proposed by Charcot himself, involved studying footprints made on sheets of white paper and establishing gait anomalies during various stages of neurological disorders. Gilles de la Tourette spent 1884 and 1885 working on his thesis. His footprints graphical study, which may appear simplistic, is the first of its kind in neurology, making it innovative and valuable. It drew on similar orthopedic studies previously conducted in other European countries. These studies are reviewed here, and the genesis, technical aspects, and results of Gilles de la Tourette’s study are analyzed. The impact of his thesis is examined based on summaries published in the medical press and the fact that Gilles de la Tourette was awarded a prize by the Académie de Médecine for this work.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132937560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Théophraste Renaudot (1586–1653)","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Gilles de la Tourette had a passion for the history of medicine and ideas, with a particular attachment to the city of Loudun, where his family had its roots. In 1884, he published a biography of another Loudun native, Théophraste Renaudot, a seventeenth-century physician who advocated reform in medical studies, calling into question the rigid scholastic method, limited to Hippocratic and Galenic medicine, in order to develop truly clinical practices as well as medical research. This chapter presents this biography and its genesis, Gilles de la Tourette’s hidden debt to Eugène Hatin, and unpublished letters received by Gilles de la Tourette after the book’s publication. Drawing on archival documents, the process Gilles de la Tourette initiated to erect a Renaudot statue in Paris and Loudun is detailed, as is his induction into the Ordre de la Légion d’honneur.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116893617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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