{"title":"Commentator for La Revue Hebdomadaire, 1892–1900","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 La Revue Hebdomadaire, a general cultural publication that first appeared in 1892, asked Gilles de la Tourette for articles on medical themes. He provided thirteen articles between 1892 and 1900, first using the pen name Paracelse, then his own name. Two of the articles were biographical. Of the eleven remaining articles, two dealt with hygiene and alcoholism and another with the “human calculator” examined by Charcot, Jacques Inaudi. But, most often, Gilles de la Tourette enjoyed giving his interpretation, as an alienist fascinated with hypnotism and hysteria, of the dramatic works produced in the theaters of the Parisian boulevards. This chapter presents and analyzes Gilles de la Tourette’s various articles within the political, cultural, and medical context of the time as well as his involvement with a famous trial, the Cauvin affair.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114958460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter opens with a summary of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome as it is currently understood, then presents the lesson given by Gilles de la Tourette in 1899 on the subject. This lesson is indicative of the necessary perspicacity for isolating the pathology from “the choreas,” a catch-all term in Gilles de la Tourette’s day for abnormal movements. Initiated by the translation of an article by the American alienist Beard describing the “Jumpers of Maine,” Gilles de la Tourette’s work can be situated along a timeline that included errors and missing elements up to its publication in 1885. Also highlighted are Charcot’s role in this nosographical study, as well as the hidden contribution of Georges Guinon. The reception by European and American neurologists of this entity’s isolation concludes the analysis of this seminal work, which led to the now-famous eponym.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Assassination Attempt","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Although 1893 began with a promising start as Gilles de la Tourette finished the second part of his treatise on hysteria, Hystérie pathologique. Later, in June, he was pronounced “Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur” on behalf of the French Ministry of the Interior for the decisive role he had played in the erection of a statue to honor Théophraste Renaudot. However, five weeks after the death of his son from meningitis in July 1893, Gilles de la Tourette’s teacher Charcot died. Then, in December of the same year, Rose Kamper, a former patient at La Salpêtrière, attempted to assassinate Gilles de la Tourette in his office. The author examines this murder attempt in the context of unpublished documents and newspaper articles.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132437100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gilles de la Tourette the Poet?","authors":"Olivier Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Georges Gilles de la Tourette’s poetical pursuits. A man of many talents, these poems provide insight into yet another facet of Gilles de la Tourette’s personality. As well, they may provide some clue to his mental state as he suffered from the long-term effects of syphilis. It is difficult to know whether these poems should be taken as initial signs of Gilles de la Tourette’s disease or whether they are a simple manifestation of his imagination and the pleasure he took in writing. His poetry can be found at the family archive in Loundun.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125445518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recapitulative List of All Gilles de la Tourette’s Publications","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Gilles de la Tourette was a prolific author from the time he started his medical studies; he published his first article in 1881. All of his publications are listed here, in chronological order, including the list of his books and journal articles. Also listed are theses he inspired as well as his article co-authors. The most important texts are analyzed, notably his book, Les états neurasthéniques, which includes a description of restless legs syndrome; “Benedikt syndrome,” co-authored with Jean-Baptiste Charcot, which is placed within the historical context of the condition’s isolation; Le traitement pratique de l’épilepsie, in which Gilles de la Tourette improved treatment by specifying the effective dose of bromide; and the debate between Babiński and Gilles de la Tourette that took place at a 1900 session of the Société de neurologie and pertained to the specificity of the Babiński sign.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125640999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chief Physician for the 1900 World’s Fair in Paris","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"In 1896, Gilles de la Tourette was appointed head of the medical department for the 1900 World’s Fair in Paris. His nomination inevitably made him the object of intense envy and several venomous attacks by the press. He responded in the best way possible, by devoting himself to his duties. The fair’s medical department was perfectly organized and fulfilled all of its missions throughout the five years the event lasted, including its set-up and dismantling. The initial criticism was forgotten once Gilles de la Tourette set to work, leaving no room for further censure. This chapter examines his record and the malicious gossip aimed at discrediting him, while revealing a few well-kept secrets.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122193497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibratory Medicine and Therapeutic Suspension Techniques","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Although the framework of neurological nosography was established during the second half of the nineteenth century, with Jean-Martin Charcot and his Salpêtrière School playing a major role, therapies for the recently identified diseases remained relatively ineffective. Since many Parkinson’s patients reported an improvement in their condition after being violently shaken during travel in mail carriages, Charcot recycled an old treatment method based on a vibratory armchair, assigning the preliminary study to Gilles de la Tourette, who tried to extend the technique to other pathologies by using a vibratory helmet. Another technique recommended by Charcot for treating tabes patients was “suspension,” thought to elongate the spinal cord. The related therapeutic tests in France and Europe are discussed in detail. Gilles de la Tourette made significant use of suspension at the time. The author compares his reports with the scientific challenges to his techniques and examines the resulting discussions.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130237178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glimpses of Gilles de la Tourette’s Personality","authors":"Olivier Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Using unpublished letters as well as press excerpts, the author examines Gilles de la Tourette’s relationships with hospital administrators and journalists, which provide insight into his personality. Responding to an unfortunate case sensationalized by the press, Gilles de la Tourette aggressively defended his reputation while also revealing cognitive difficulties that would worsen over time. Starting in 1893, Gilles de la Tourette’s behavior gradually changed, a sign of syphilitic general paralysis. The chapter presents previously unpublished letters that he sent to the administrators of his hospital, where he was in charge of a department and describes his reaction to a slanderous press campaign. In addition to Gilles de la Tourette’s condition, the new documents elucidate the state of Parisian hospitals and the challenges of hospital physicians at the end of the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116163930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secretary, Colleague, and Friend of Jean-Martin Charcot","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190636036.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The unpublished letters presented in this chapter, from Georges Gilles de la Tourette’s teacher Jean-Martin Charcot to Gilles de la Tourette, provide insight into the daily workings of Charcot’s famous La Salpêtrière department in the famous Parisian hospital. Charcot engaged a secretary to help him in his practice, and in 1887 he selected Gilles de la Tourette for this coveted post. By providing evidence of an exchange between the teacher and his student regarding hypnotism and hysteria, these letters also elucidate the quarrel between the Nancy and Salpêtrière Schools, especially during a famous trial, the Gouffé affair. Charcot’s esteem for and trust in Gilles de la Tourette are manifest.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129902511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Education, Medical Studies, Medical Practice","authors":"O. Walusinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636036.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"After his classical high school education in Chatellerault, Gilles de la Tourette moved to Poitiers for his medical studies, which he then pursued in Paris. This chapter covers his student days and his career path within the hospital and university hierarchies and brings additional interesting information on the system of university examinations and French medical education. The author also discusses Gilles de la Tourette’s relationships with other notables of the time, for example, with Jules Claretie and Sigmund Freud, and his opinions regarding the legal affairs that marked his time. Unpublished archives are used to explore Georges Gilles de la Tourette’s numerous literary and medical activities.","PeriodicalId":131584,"journal":{"name":"Georges Gilles de la Tourette","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121677695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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