Journal of Social Health and Diabetes最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing Macronutrients in People with Diabetes","authors":"L. Gupta, P. Lal, D. Khandelwal","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1675684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675684","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diverse dietary practices and nutritional counseling strategies are followed in the management of diabetes and its comorbidities. The dietary approaches practiced in India make use of calorie and nutrient counting to ensure patient-centered nutrition therapy in diabetes management. Macronutrient modulation is a central pillar of patient-centered medical nutrition therapy (MNT). Carbohydrates (CHO) are considered as the predominant macronutrient affecting postprandial blood glucose levels. The insulin-to-CHO ratio is used for calculating mealtime insulin doses among patients on insulin regimen. The aim of this article is to highlight challenges faced in planning MNT, modifying recommended dietary allowances for persons with diabetes, and suggesting solutions to overcome these. It also aims to understand the requirement of individual macronutrients and their impact on glycemia as well as insulin dose adjustment.","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116592108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Well-Being of Carers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Comparison with Carers of Children without a Chronic Condition","authors":"F. E. Thomson, P. Bergman, M. Hay","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1673741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673741","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context Caring for a child with a chronic illness requires additional responsibilities and burdens. Aims This research examined psychological well-being of carers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A comparison group of carers of children without a chronic condition was included to determine the specific influence T1DM has on carer well-being. Methods This cross-sectional correlational study included a sample of 93 carers of children with T1DM, and 84 comparison carers. Participants were administered the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21), and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form 4th edition via an online questionnaire. Results Multivariate analysis revealed no significant differences between carer groups; additional univariate analyses, however, indicated that carers of children with T1DM scored significantly higher on depression and stress subscales on the DASS21, and recorded elevated anxiety scores. Conclusions Carers of children with T1DM appear to manage parenting stress; however, they may be at increased risk of depression, general stress, and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"23 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113981151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncompliance to Diet and Medication among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Hospitals of Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"N. Kafle, R. Poudel, S. Shrestha","doi":"10.1055/S-0038-1675687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0038-1675687","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Diabetes is a major public health problem affecting people of all ages globally. Noncompliance compromises the effectiveness of treatment and adversely affects patients' health. The main purpose of this study was to assess and compare the proportion of noncompliance to diet and medication between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) visiting public and private hospitals in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in T2DM patients visiting public and private hospitals. Eight item Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MMAQ) for medication adherence and Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire (PDAQ) for dietary adherence were used. Epidata was used for data entry and SPSS for data analysis. Chi-square test was used as a test of significance. Odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results The study involved 182 T2DM patients. Participants' age was ≥ 17 years and they were under treatment for ≥ 6 months. Mean age of the participants was 54.67 years with standard deviation (SD) ± 11.69. Prevalence of medication noncompliance was seen in 126 (69.2%) patients, whereas prevalence of dietary noncompliance was seen in 166 (91.2%) patients. Illiterate participants were more likely to be noncompliant than literate to medication (OR 4.32, p = 0.001). Self-employed were more likely to be noncompliant to medication than job holders (OR 2.93, p = 0.008). People visiting public hospital were more likely to be noncompliant to diet than those visiting private hospital (OR 4.89, p = 0.009). Illiterate participants were more likely to be noncompliant to diet than literate (OR 10.94, p = 0.005). Conclusion The T2DM patients visiting public hospitals were more noncompliant to diet. Illiterate patients were more noncompliant to both medication and diet. Self-employed compared with job holders were more noncompliant to medication. Patient education and counseling should be aggressively addressed mainly in public hospitals. There was no significant difference in medication noncompliance between public and private hospitals (p = 0.108).","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129065302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ketogenic Diet: An Onomastic Opportunity to be Helpful","authors":"S. Kalra, Rahul Rosha, R. Singla","doi":"10.1055/S-0038-1673742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0038-1673742","url":null,"abstract":"ketogenic","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"31 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132468427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dates and Diabetes","authors":"Sandeep Chaudhary, Aswin Pankaj","doi":"10.1055/S-0038-1675670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0038-1675670","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Date, the fruit of date palm, is a delicious fruit with a sweet taste and a fleshy mouth feel. Dates have been considered as the staple food in the Arab Gulf regions for thousands of years. The religious-cultural importance of this fruit often creates conflict between persons with diabetes, who wish to consume it in unlimited quantity, and health care professionals, who condemn its consumption. This article provides a balanced, nutrilogic opinion about dates and their consumption in diabetes.","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124680141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predietary Counseling in Ketogenic Diet: The 5R Model","authors":"Rahul Rosha, R. Singla, B. Kalra","doi":"10.1055/S-0038-1675671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0038-1675671","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A major determinant of success while following a ketogenic diet is the counseling that precedes and accompanies the dietary advice. Effective predietary counseling lays a strong foundation upon which successful outcomes can be built. Predietary counseling, an art as well as a science, is best understood through a bio-psychosocial viewpoint. This brief communication shares an alliteratively named model, the 5R rubric. Rapport, realistic realization, reliability, readiness to change, and relationship must be explored and improved during the process of counseling. These five R's remind one to practice continuous, holistic counseling, without forgetting any of the factors that may impact outcomes. Pre-ketodietary counseling is a theranostic intervention, as it helps in both assessment (diagnosis) and improving outcomes (therapeutics).","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132868572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrology Referral in Diabetes Practice","authors":"S. Kalra, M. Sahay, R. Sahay","doi":"10.1055/S-0038-1675650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0038-1675650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diabetic nephropathy, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is a major complication of diabetes. Appropriate management of DKD requires multispecialty intervention under the guidance of endocrinology and nephrology. However, delayed referral to specialized nephrology services usually occurs, and this leads to suboptimal outcomes. This multispecialty consensus suggests simple clinical and biochemical parameters that should prompt referral of DKD patients to nephrology. A checklist for physicians who manage DKD is also provided.","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131218282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Initiation: An Uttar Pradesh Perspective","authors":"N. Gupta","doi":"10.1055/S-0038-1675667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0038-1675667","url":null,"abstract":"DOI https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0038-1675667 ISSN 2321-0656. ©2018 NovoNordisk Education Foundation Diabetes prevalence has been rising more rapidly in middleand low-income countries. More than 10% of urban Indians have diabetes, at least half of the Indians who have it do not know it, and the prevalence of the disease is increasingly shifting to poorer people. Across the 15 states, 7.3% of people had diabetes and one-half of them had not previously been diagnosed with the condition. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (11.2%) than in rural areas (5.2%). It was higher in mainland states than in the northeast.1 Muzaffarnagar is a city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is a part of National Capital Region. It is the headquarters of the Muzaffarnagar district. The last population estimate in 2011 was around 495,500. This was 0.04% of the total India population.2 High-carbohydrate diet is quintessential for people of Uttar Pradesh. Dishes such as puri-aloo and kachori are a necessary part of festivities, which in turn are a frequent occurrence in the state. Mutton biryanis of the state are world famous. Western part of the state forms the core of sugarcane production in the country. About two-thirds of the total sugarcane produced in India is consumed for making gur and khandsari, and hence the same are consumed a lot by the people of the state. Diabetes management in Uttar Pradesh is plagued with various superstitions and myths, which hinder the patients from seeking medical advice and practicing healthy lifestyle. Fasting for the whole lunar month of Ramadan is considered as an obligatory duty of every healthy Muslim, but fasting in a diabetic person increases the risk for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, and thrombosis.3 Consuming high amount of carbohydrates, saturated fats, and trans-fats causes increased diabetes risk in all populations, whereas risk is significantly reduced by consuming low glycemic index foods and foods high in dietary fiber. Generally, North Indian meals have higher percentage of carbohydrate, which are highly caloric. Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of diabetes in all ethnic groups; however, South Asians appear to be even less physically active than their Caucasian counterparts. Agriculture and trade policies encourage overconsumption of unhealthy foods, whereas urban design and transport facilities promote sedentary lifestyle. All these factors make it necessary to initiate the use of insulin early in diabetic patients of this region. However, initiating insulin has its own problems. There are several barriers for initiating insulin such as fear of self-injection, fear of needles, negative misconceptions about initiating insulin, inconvenience, and patient perception as personal failure.4,5 These barriers need to be overcome because early insulin therapy improves β-cell function while leading to a significant improvement in glycemia. Variou","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124922489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Benefits of Integrating Physical Activity into Our Day-to-Day Lives","authors":"Rashmi Aggarwal","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1675669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675669","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the 21st century it is the sedentary lifestyle that is responsible for causation of the dual epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Incorporating physical activity into our daily lives will not only improve our physical health but also enhance our mental and neurocognitive functions. Regular physical activity reduces the risks of developing metabolic derangements such as overweight, hypertension, different types of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, and certain types of organ-specific cancers.","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115764109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Adjustment of Carers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"F. E. Thomson, P. Bergman, M. Hay","doi":"10.1055/s-0038-1674267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1674267","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Context As type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is predominantly diagnosed during childhood, the responsibilities of T1DM management often fall to carers. Caring for a child with a chronic illness brings with it additional responsibilities and burdens. Aims This study employed Thompson's Transactional Stress and Coping model (TTSCM) to explore psychological adjustment of carers of children with T1DM. Design/Methods This cross-sectional correlational study included a sample of 93 carers of children with T1DM. Via an online questionnaire, carers were administered measures of cognitive processes (illness and general stress appraisal and self-efficacy), methods of coping, and family functioning. Illness information from clinical records was also collected. Results Three distinct coping styles emerged. These were labeled proactive, avoidant, and reframing/reflecting coping. Canonical correlations revealed that the TTSCM accounted for 44% of the variance in carer adjustment, with both illness and general stress appraisal, and avoidant coping making the largest contributions. Conclusions Findings supported the utility of TTSCM in this population, and that stress appraisal and copings strategies should be the focal points for psychological intervention when working toward positive psychological adjustment in this patient group.","PeriodicalId":131259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Health and Diabetes","volume":"18 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113989284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}