Wenhai Qi, Feiyue Shen, Guangdeng Zong, Shun-Feng Su, Huaicheng Yan
{"title":"SMC for Stirred Tank Reactor Model: Hybrid Systems With Bi-Boundary Sojourn Time","authors":"Wenhai Qi, Feiyue Shen, Guangdeng Zong, Shun-Feng Su, Huaicheng Yan","doi":"10.1109/tcyb.2026.3721252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2026.3721252","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaitian Chen, Huaicheng Yan, Qiwei Liu, Lingling Lv, Guangjing Song
{"title":"Optimal Containment of Multiagent Systems With Multistep Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning.","authors":"Kaitian Chen, Huaicheng Yan, Qiwei Liu, Lingling Lv, Guangjing Song","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3718680","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3718680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyzes the optimal containment control problem of discrete-time multiagent systems (MASs). Multistep temporal difference (TD) learning is integrated with policy gradient (PG) reinforcement learning (RL) to form an online off-policy multistep PG (MS-PG) algorithm. The proposed MS-PG algorithm achieves optimal control performance under completely unknown system dynamics and accommodates asynchronous policy updates among agents. The closed-loop system stability and the algorithmic convergence are rigorously established. Furthermore, an actor-critic neural network (NN) architecture is employed to approximate the control policy and the optimal Q-function, respectively, with data-driven weight update laws derived from the proposed algorithm. To improve training efficiency and sample efficiency, an experience replay (ER) mechanism is incorporated, constructing a hybrid learning framework that fully exploits both offline batch data and online operational data. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148725508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Runkun Li, Wenhai Qi, Guangdeng Zong, Shun-Feng Su, Jinde Cao
{"title":"Reinforcement Learning-Based Optimization for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Unknown Nonlinear System: An Zero-Sum Control Scheme.","authors":"Runkun Li, Wenhai Qi, Guangdeng Zong, Shun-Feng Su, Jinde Cao","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3720445","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3720445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel mode-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is proposed for the optimal control of unknown nonlinear system presented by the interval type-2 fuzzy (IT2F) model. The optimal control is converted into a zero-sum game, where the control input and the external disturbance are the opposing competitors. Based on the RL method, a model-based policy iteration (PI) algorithm is constructed to solve the fuzzy stochastic coupled algebraic Riccati equations of nonlinear system. Considering that the dynamic parameter is difficult to obtain completely in real systems, a model-free fuzzy control algorithm is designed under the framework of the RL algorithm. An optimal control of IT2F system is realized without parameter information, only requiring the state and input information. Furthermore, the asymptotic stability with $H_{infty } $ performance index is ensured by the Lyapunov function. Finally, the effectiveness is tested by the semi-car active suspension model (SCASM).</p>","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148724252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yihui Du, Meng Jiang, Songlin Zhuang, Mingsi Tong, Huijun Gao
{"title":"An Implementable Compressed Sensing Framework for Gene Expression Profiling via Multiplex PCR.","authors":"Yihui Du, Meng Jiang, Songlin Zhuang, Mingsi Tong, Huijun Gao","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3719420","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3719420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene expression profiling (GEP) provides critical insights into the cellular states, phenotypes, and biological behaviors of biological systems. However, the traditional GEP acquisition methods have significant time limitations, which directly hinder the real-time monitoring of dynamic processes, such as cell development and disease progression. In this study, we propose the biological omics sparse sensing (BoSS) framework, which effectively resolves the compatibility issue between dimensionality-reduced sampling theory and biological reaction by introducing sparse sampling strategies and noise regularization constraints. Furthermore, we have first presented rapid capture and accurate reconstruction of GEP using multiplex RT-qPCR, increasing the efficiency of transcriptome data acquisition by 60-fold. The experimental results demonstrate that when evaluating transcriptional heterogeneity in cancer tissue blocks, BoSS exhibits excellent specificity and sensitivity in clustering analysis, while fully preserving key information related to biological states, thus ensuring that the accuracy of downstream data analysis is comparable to that of ribonucleic acid (RNA)-seq. This achievement indicates that the BoSS framework is expected to play an important role in scenarios, such as intraoperative assessment of cancer progression, personalized therapy, and predictive control of biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fixed-Time Fault-Tolerant Control for Wastewater Treatment Processes With Asymmetric State Constraints","authors":"Hong-Gui Han;Han-Qian Hou;Hao-Yuan Sun;Jun-Fei Qiao","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3683543","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3683543","url":null,"abstract":"In wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs), the presence of aeration equipment faults (actuator faults) prevents the desired tracking control effect of the state-constrained dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC). To solve this problem, an adaptive fixed-time fault-tolerant control (AFTFTC) strategy based on the asymmetric integral barrier Lyapunov function (AIBLF) is developed in this article. First, in order to directly consider asymmetric state constraints in the controller design process, an AIBLF is constructed. Second, a fixed-time FTC method is proposed to compensate for the effects of actuator faults on DOC regulation and achieve fast tracking of the DOC setpoint. Specifically, the adaptive compensation term with DOC asymmetric constraint boundaries is used to estimate the unknown boundary of the actuator bias fault (BF). Furthermore, it is proven that the designed controller can ensure the fixed-time stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, the validity of the control strategy is validated on the benchmark simulation model 1 (BSM1).","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"56 8","pages":"4229-4241"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction Notice: Multiple Transformation Matrix-Based Adaptive Projective Vortex Formation Tracking for Multiagent Systems With a Leader of Completely Unknown Input.","authors":"Xiangyang Du, Jihong Shen, Shujuan Wang","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3716178","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3716178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article systematically studies projective vortex formation tracking (PVFT) of linear multiagent systems (MASs) on directed graphs through multiple transformation matrices, in which the input of leader and its upper bound information are not available to any follower. First, an innovative class of distributed adaptive observer is designed using the projection matrices to capture multiple desired virtual signals of the leader. Next, a novel kind of distributed PVFT protocol based on distributed observer, local observer and coordinates coupling matrices are proposed. Two different adaptive update mechanisms and nonlinear functions are introduced in the observer and controller to override the unknown input of the leader. Then, an algorithm is given, and the protocol under the algorithm is proved from three processes of estimation, aggregation, and rotation to enable linear systems to achieve PVFT. Finally, the effects of parameters on aggregation and rotation are analyzed systematically, and several simulation examples are given to illustrate the reliability of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
KyungSoo Kim;Seongrok Moon;Hye Jin Lee;PooGyeon Park
{"title":"Local Stabilization for Discrete-Time Fuzzy System With Guaranteed Resilience via Structural Relaxation","authors":"KyungSoo Kim;Seongrok Moon;Hye Jin Lee;PooGyeon Park","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3662010","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3662010","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to investigate relaxed local stabilization for discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with structural relaxation under guaranteed resilience. To mitigate the conservatism and computational burden associated with conventional multiple summation-type approaches for exploiting high-degree membership information, a novel Lyapunov function and nonparallel distributed compensation (non-PDC) control law are developed within an augmented membership-quadratic framework, which relaxes the symmetry constraints on the intertemporal cross terms. To overcome the limitations of existing resilient stabilization methods that rely heavily on a user-defined hyperparameter, a matrix-type threshold condition is introduced, enhancing both practicality and numerical efficiency. Based on orthogonal complements, new structural relaxation lemmas within the membership-quadratic framework are proposed for guaranteeing resilient stabilization. Finally, the effectiveness and reduced conservatism of the proposed method are validated through benchmark examples, demonstrating its computational efficiency and improved performance compared to existing approaches.","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"56 7","pages":"3994-4004"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anti-Unwinding Time-Varying Sliding Mode Control With Arbitrary Convergence Time for Rigid Spacecraft","authors":"Yu-Tian Xu;Youmin Gong;Ai-Guo Wu;Qing-Hua Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3661967","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3661967","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the attitude maneuver control with the arbitrary convergence time is investigated for rigid spacecraft. First, a time-varying sliding mode function expressed by a piecewise function is designed by using an exponential function. This designed sliding mode function contains two equilibria of the attitude control systems. Furthermore, an attitude control law is designed with the aid of this new sliding mode function such that the states of the closed-loop attitude system remain on the sliding mode surface from the initial time instant, and converge to the origin at an arbitrarily preset time. In addition, the unwinding phenomenon can also be avoided when the proposed control law is used.","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"56 7","pages":"3910-3920"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146219593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zentropy-Enhanced Multigranularity Knowledge Modeling for Robust Feature Selection","authors":"Kehua Yuan;Duoqian Miao;Witold Pedrycz;Yiyu Yao","doi":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3665802","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TCYB.2026.3665802","url":null,"abstract":"Multigranularity knowledge modeling is an influential study for information processing and knowledge discovery in artificial intelligence (AI). A central research focus is the multigranularity representation and learning of knowledge structures. Among them, fuzzy rough sets (FRSs) have emerged as a representative method for characterizing uncertain knowledge. However, the existing FRS studies still exhibit two limitations: low robustness in knowledge acquisition and incomplete characterization of uncertainty. Hence, this article proposes a zentropy-enhanced multigranularity knowledge modeling framework for robust feature selection (ZeMG-FS). Specifically, we design a fast and adaptive multigranularity information granulation mechanism based on generalized granular-ball generation to effectively capture data distributions embedded in complex data. Then, the fuzzy rough approximation method is incorporated into the representation of multigranularity knowledge. Furthermore, we analyze the fundamental relationships and structures of the multigranularity knowledge model to introduce a novel multilevel zentropy. Unlike existing entropy measures, the primary consideration of the proposed zentropy is to match and enhance the performance of the proposed model. Finally, we design two feature evaluation criteria grounded in the model and apply them to feature selection. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed methods achieve superior robustness and effectiveness compared with state-of-the-art approaches.","PeriodicalId":13112,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics","volume":"56 7","pages":"4096-4107"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147305265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}