Horticultural Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of selenomethionine on the antioxidative enzymes, water physiology and fruit quality of strawberry plants under drought stress","authors":"Bin Wang, Wen-ping Yang, C. Shan","doi":"10.17221/175/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/175/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the role of selenomethionine (SeMet) in regulating the drought tolerance of strawberry plants, we explored the effects of SeMet on the antioxidative enzymes, water physiology and fruit quality of the strawberry plants under drought stress (DS). In this study, we used the strawberry variety ‘Sweet Charlie’ as the material and investigated the effects of SeMet on the drought tolerance of the strawberry plants through foliar spraying and pot experiments. The results showed that the DS obviously enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in the leaves of the strawberry plants, compared with the control. Meanwhile, the DS markedly improved the fruit quality parameters of the soluble solids (SS), soluble sugar, vitamin C (Vc) and sugar-acid ratio. Compared with the DS alone, SeMet obviously enhanced the activities of the above antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and fruit quality parameters of SS, sugar-acid ratio and the soluble sugar and Vc contents, but decreased the MDA and H2O2 levels in the strawberry leaves under the DS. However, the DS markedly decreased the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), relative water content (RWC), fruit weight and plant height and biomass. Compared with the DS alone, SeMet significantly increased the Chl and Car contents, Pn, Tr, Gs, RWC, fruit weight and plant height and biomass. Meanwhile, SeMet al.ne decreased the MDA and H2O2 levels and improved the other indicators except for the RWC compared with the control. Our present results concluded that SeMet relieved the adverse impacts of DS on the strawberry growth by enhancing the antioxidant enzymes, photosynthesis and water conditions of the leaves, which promoted the fruit weight and quality. Thus, SeMet can be considered as a regulator to improve the drought tolerance and fruit weight and quality of strawberries.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42323405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving the browning during the establishment of the in vitro propogation of Prunus avium cv. ‘Fuchen’","authors":"Yin Xi, Biao Zeng, Heng-Yu Huang, Yeong-Chyn Wang, Pinhui Yang","doi":"10.17221/51/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/51/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Prunus avium cv. ‘Fuchen’ is a cultivated species with a high-profile economic benefit. Four media were used as a basal media equipped with four exogenous hormones to establish an intact regeneration system. Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and active carbon (AC) improved the browning phenomenon. The results indicated that 1.0 g/L of AC and 30 g/L of Na2S2O3 were the best combination to inhibit the browning on the optimal basal medium – olive medium (OM) (followed by woody plant medium). The OM containing 1.5 mg/L of zeatin, 2.0 mg/L of α-naphtalenaecetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L of kinetin was beneficial for the germination and growth of the axillary buds. Green bud points were visible at the base of the swollen base after 25 days with a high proliferation coefficient (more than 7.50). The most optimal medium for rooting was ½ OM combined with 1.0 mg/L of NAA and 0.5 mg/L of indole-3-butyric-acid with a 100% rooting rate. The survival rate was up to 100% after 60 days with acclimatisation. Generally, a high-effective regeneration system was established, which provides a reference for keeping the excellent traits of the cultivar.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46441243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of cold acclimation on the low temperature stress of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)","authors":"Xin Li, Di Zhang, Jun Xu, Jun Jiang, Hongwei Jiang","doi":"10.17221/62/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/62/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the protective effect of cold acclimation on the cold tolerance in the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). The cold acclimation increased the sprouting rate and leaf expansion rate of the lotus by about 36% at 0 °C, and the cold acclimation could enhance the levels of the stress related osmolytes including higher proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents. The electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation level of the control samples increased significantly, but these indices did not change significantly in the cold acclimation group during low temperature stress. Furthermore, the cold acclimated rhizomes had higher antioxidant enzyme activities and a more stable ROS homeostasis response to the low temperature stress. Some stress-related genes were significantly up-regulated after the cold acclimation, especially the antioxidase related genes (CAT1, GPX, APX and MSD) were up-regulated nearly five times higher than that of the control group at the 0 °C condition. Additionally, the ICE1-CBF-COR pathway was involved in the lotus cold acclimation process. These results suggested that cold acclimation can obviously improve the stress tolerance of the lotus by the stable ROS homeostasis, enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity, regulate the stress-related gene expression and alleviate the stress damage.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41531213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of activated charcoal and ascorbic acid on in vitro morphogenesis and o-dihydroxyphenols content in Paphiopedilum insigne","authors":"Monika Poniewozik, M. Parzymies, P. Szot","doi":"10.17221/68/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/68/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Phenolic compounds limit micropropagation of many orchids in vitro. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of activated charcoal (AC);1, 2 or 4 g/L) or ascorbic acid (AA; 10, 20 or 30 mg/L) added to the half strength MS medium on the growth and o-dihydroxyphenols content in Paphiopedilum insigne in vitro. A positive effect of AC on the shoot and root formation has been found. The highest multiplication rate (5.6 shoots/explant) and rooting frequency were obtained on medium containing 2 g/L of AC. However, AC reduced the leaf number as compared to the control. The lowest content of o-dihydroxyphenols was marked in Paphiopedilum insigne leaves when the shoots were grown on medium with 10 mg/L AA, followed by AC at 1 or 2 g/L.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48202591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of sweet cherry buds and twigs to temperature changes – evaluated by the determination of the degradation and synthesis of sucrose","authors":"K. Götz, F. Chmielewski","doi":"10.17221/123/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/123/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to determine the degradation and synthesis of sucrose (Suc) in sweet cherry buds and the twig tissue response to a sequence of environmental temperature changes (cold (orchard) – warm (controlled temperature of ∼22 °C) – cold (orchard)). The results of two years’ (2016, 2017) findings were compared with the buds of trees and the buds of twigs in November/December in northeast Germany. The Suc content in the buds of trees and the buds of twigs under natural conditions was stable. Temperatures of ∼22 °C resulted in a significant (Suc) degradation (62%, from 39 to 15 mg/g DW) in the buds of twigs after 21 days (day of the year (DOY) 340). The significant re-synthesis (66%, to 25 mg/g DW after 21 days, DOY 361) in the orchard is noteworthy, and highlights the Suc value as a cryoprotective saccharide. The marked changes in the Suc, glucose, and fructose contents of the twigs exposed to a cold-warm-cold sequence (< DOY 319, DOY 319–340, DOY 340–361), lead to the conclusion that this adaptation is the result of tissue- and cold-specific sucrose invertases/synthases. The effect of low-temperature-active enzymes explains the role of Suc in the buds of trees during the winter rest. When using twigs for plant physiological examinations during the winter rest, results on a metabolite level should be considered when drawing conclusions concerning the overall tree physiology.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45427201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The difference in temperature between day and night affects the strawberry soluble sugar content by influencing the photosynthesis, respiration and sucrose phosphatase synthase","authors":"Xiang Wu, W. Han, Zaiqiang Yang, Yixuan Zhang, Yanjiao Zheng","doi":"10.17221/169/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/169/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"Plenty of studies have demonstrated that DIF has an effect on the fruit growth. To study the effects of day and night temperature differences on the strawberry sugar quality, an experiment using climate chambers was conducted. Five different differences between the day and night temperatures (DIF) were set, which were 6 °C (28 °C/22 °C, day/night temperature), 8 °C (29 °C/21 °C), 10 °C (30 °C/20 °C), 12 °C (31 °C/19 °C), 14 °C (32 °C/18 °C). The results showed the following indices peaked with a DIF of 12 °C, including the photosynthesis rate, glucose content, fructose content, sucrose content, soluble sugar content and sugar metabolic enzyme activity. The respiration rate increased with the DIF during the day and decreased with the DIF at night. The root dry weight peaked at a DIF of 10 °C, the stolon dry weight peaked at a DIF of 8 °C and the leaf dry weight peaked at a DIF of 6 °C; however, the fruit dry weight reached maximum values at a DIF of 12 °C. The Grey correlation analysis showed that the most important factor in our experiment affecting the fructose content was the sucrose phosphate synthase; however, for the sucrose, glucose, and soluble sugars, the most important factor was the photosynthesis. We found that a DIF of 12 °C (31 °C/19 °C, day/night temperature) was the most suitable for strawberry growth, especially for the sugar content accumulation.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46472324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of growing location on anthocyanin content and total antioxidant capacity of haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) berry: A preliminary investigation","authors":"A. D. De Silva, H. Rupasinghe","doi":"10.17221/79/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/79/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"The haskap has been successfully cultivated in many geographical zones in Canada. We investigated whether the latitude has any impact on the anthocyanin accumulation and total antioxidant capacity in the haskap berry. The measured quality attributes were compared with that of the blueberry. Haskap ‘Aurora’ berries were collected from Yukon, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Nova Scotia in Canada, and blueberries were collected from Nova Scotia. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin of haskap berry, the total anthocyanins, the total polyphenols, the soluble solids (°Brix), the pH value, the total antioxidant capacity, and the moisture content were determined. The results revealed that the total anthocyanin, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of the haskap range between 88 to 273 mg C3GE/100 g fresh weight (FW), 256 to 442 mg GAE/100 g of FW, and 27 to 52 µmol TE/g FW, respectively. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) analysis revealed that the C3G contained in the haskap berry is highly dependent on the harvest stage. Among the samples, the haskap berry harvested on July 19, 2019, from the Yukon had the highest C3G content. Interestingly, the total anthocyanin content of the haskap berry is comparable to that of the lowbush blueberry, but higher than the highbush blueberry. A systematic multi-year experiment employing many cultivars and growing locations is recommended to better understand the latitude effect.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43247947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of weather conditions in southern Russia on the frost resistance of apricot generative buds","authors":"V. Korzin, V. Gorina, Nikita Saplev","doi":"10.17221/73/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/73/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"One of the reasons limiting the apricot expansion in the world is the short period of winter dormancy in the plants and the rapid development of generative buds in the spring. Apricot flower buds often die even after small spring return frosts that limit the commercial culture of this fruit crop. The aim of this investigation was to study collection-breeding plantations and select frost-resistant genotypes that have promise for commercial and breeding use. To solve this problem, the frost resistance of generative buds in 50 apricot cultivars and the breeding forms of various origins were studied by freezing treatments of the branches in a climatic chamber. The Czech cultivar ‘Leala’ was selected due to its best frost resistance. In late winter 2020–2021, six cultivars and breeding forms, which kept 41.8 to 65.9% of the generative buds alive, were identified. These genotypes are characterised by a slow development that prevents any negative freezing temperature effects. Thus, the results of the study confirmed the dependence of the adaptation mechanisms in apricot plants on the rates of their morphogenesis and abiotic factor pressures.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44400642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of fertilisers on five turfgrass mixtures for football pitches under natural conditions","authors":"Barbara Zanelli, M. Vidrih, T. Bohinc, S. Trdan","doi":"10.17221/160/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/160/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"For 2 years (2019–2020), a field experiment to test the activities of different fertilisation schemes on the yield, colour and health status of five different grass mixtures for football pitches was conducted. Two grass mixtures were composed of different varieties of perennial ryegrass, one mixture was composed of varieties of perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, one mixture consisted of the species Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, Festuca arundinacea and Poa pratensis, and the seeds of only one variety of perennial ryegrass were sowed in one plot. Three different fertilisation schemes were included in the experiment. The first scheme (A) contained an inorganic fertiliser with added soil improvers, the second scheme (B) included an organic fertiliser with added soil improvers and the third scheme (C) was composed of an inorganic fertiliser. According to this study, the grass yield largely depends on the soil temperature, amount of precipitation and soil water content, and the occurrence of the fungus Laetisaria fuciformis is influenced by the fertilisation scheme, as the % infection with the fungus was highest when organic fertilisers with low % nitrogen was used. The selection of fertilisers is seen as an important factor for the turfgrass colour.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a magnetic field on the phenolic composition and virus sanitation of raspberry plants","authors":"M. Upadyshev, S. Motyleva, I. Kulikov, Vladislav Donetskih, M. Mertvishcheva, Мetlitskaya Klavdia, A. Petrova","doi":"10.17221/60/2020-hortsci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/60/2020-hortsci","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetic pulse treatment led to an increase in the Raspberry bushy dwarf Idaeovirus-free microplants’ output and their phenolic composition change. The greatest output of the virus-free raspberries microplants (80–82%) was marked after complex treatment with pulsed and rotating magnetic fields with a time-changing frequency from 3.2 to 51 Hz, as well as with a pulsed magnetic field with a frequency from 1 to 10 Hz. The pulsed and rotating magnetic fields’ complex effect resulted in the gallic and salicylic acid content increase by 14 % and 71%, respectively, compared to the untreated variant. The chlorogenic, salicylic and gallic acids’ active synthesis was observed 72 hours after the magnetic treatment with a frequency from 3.2 to 51 Hz. There was a tendency for the amount of the phenolcarbonic acid to decrease 14 days after the magnetic treatment, except for the variant with the pulsed and rotating field treatment.","PeriodicalId":13110,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46158563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}