M. E. Geurts;A. Katriniok;E. Silvas;N. J. Brouwer;W. P. M. H. Heemels
{"title":"Model Predictive Control for Lane Merging Automation With Recursive Feasibility Guarantees and Its Experimental Validation","authors":"M. E. Geurts;A. Katriniok;E. Silvas;N. J. Brouwer;W. P. M. H. Heemels","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3485306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3485306","url":null,"abstract":"To improve on road safety when autonomous vehicles (AVs) are introduced for highway or urban driving, in this article, we design an automated merging algorithm for an AV into a mixed-traffic flow scenario (i.e., traffic including autonomous and manually driven vehicles). In particular, we propose a novel model predictive control (MPC)-based solution to perform a merging procedure from a double lane into a single lane and continue with (adaptive) cruise control [(A)CC] functionality after the merge in one integrated algorithm. The proposed MPC balances fast progress along the path with comfort, while obeying a state-dependent safety distance and velocity bounds. Recursive feasibility, leading to safety and proper behavior (i.e., rigorously satisfying constraints), is guaranteed by the design of proper terminal sets, extending existing terminal sets in the literature. The resulting MPC problem is a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP) problem, which can be solved for global optimality. Through numerical simulations and experimental validation of the algorithm with multibrand cars, we demonstrate desirable behavior and verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPC merging scheme.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"566-581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of the Photovoltaic Module Dynamic Model via Dynamic Regressor Extension and Mixing","authors":"Alexey Bobtsov;Fernando Mancilla-David;Stanislav Aranovskiy;Romeo Ortega","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3483438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3483438","url":null,"abstract":"This brief deals with the problem of online parameter identification of the parameters of the dynamic model of a photovoltaic (PV) array connected to a power system through a power converter. It has been shown in the literature that when interacting with switching power converters, the dynamic model is able to better account for the PV array operation compared to the classical five-parameter static model of the array. While there are many results of identification of the parameters of the latter model, to the best of our knowledge, no one has provided a solution for the aforementioned more complex dynamic model since it concerns the parameter estimation of a nonlinear, underexcited system with unmeasurable state variables. Achieving such an objective is the main contribution of this brief. We propose a new parameterization of the dynamic model, which, combined with the powerful identification technique of dynamic regressor extension and mixing (DREM), ensures a fast and accurate online estimation of the unknown parameters. Realistic numerical examples via computer simulations are presented to assess the performance of the proposed approach—even being able to track the parameter variations when the system changes operating point.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"799-806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast Sparse Dynamic Matrix Estimation Method With Differential Information for Industrial Process Monitoring","authors":"Mingliang Cui;Xin Ma;Youqing Wang;Jipeng Guo;Tongze Hou","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3483431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3483431","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing complexity of industrial processes, a number of variables are becoming increasingly large in modeling and monitoring steps, which is particularly prominent in dynamic processes. To address the issue of information redundancy in dynamic processes, this study proposes a sparse dynamic matrix estimation method (SDMEM) based on joint sparse constraints, which can effectively remove the irrelevant process variables and implement a more flexible structure for a dynamic process. Accordingly, the problem that dynamic features are difficult to extract owing to the high sampling rate is effectively solved by introducing differential information. Furthermore, a fast iterative optimization algorithm is designed for the proposed SDMEM with differential information (SDMEM-DI). A theoretical analysis shows the superiority of the proposed optimization algorithm in reducing computational complexity. Finally, experiments are conducted on a numerical example, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and a catalytic cracking unit data of a refining and chemical plant, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed SDMEM-DI.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"512-525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Event-Triggered Protocol-Based Control for Cyber–Physical Systems Vulnerable to Dual-Channel DoS Attacks","authors":"Xiaohang Li;Zhaoyang Tian;Dunke Lu","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3477936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3477936","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a dynamic event-triggered protocol (ETP)-based controller for a quadruple-tank model to defend against dual-channel denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. Such an attack may inflict serious damage on two communication channels: the sampler-to-controller (STC) and controller-to-actuator (CTA) channels. To reduce bandwidth occupation and energy consumption, a dynamic ETP (DETP) is introduced in the control scheme, which shows resilience against dual-channel attacks. Based on the proposed protocol, a resilient controller with three formulations in view of the occurrences of attacks is codesigned by using triggered data to mitigate the dual-channel DoS attacks and ensure good response characteristics. The designed controller can be proven to make the resultant closed-loop system robustly and asymptotically stable, respectively, by using a piecewise Lyapunov functional method. Simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"369-383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Accuracy of Finite-Dimensional Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries, Observer Design, and Experimental Validation","authors":"Mira Khalil;Romain Postoyan;Stéphane Raël","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3473769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3473769","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimation of the internal states of lithium-ion batteries is key toward improving their management for safety, efficiency, and longevity purposes. Various approaches exist in the literature in this context, among which is designing an observer based on an electrochemical model of the battery dynamics. With this approach, the performance of the observer depends on the accuracy of the considered model. It appears that electrochemical models, and thus their associated observers, typically require to be of high dimension to generate accurate internal variables. In this work, we present a method to mitigate this limitation by correcting the lithium concentrations generated by a general class of finite-dimensional electrochemical models such that they asymptotically match those generated by the original partial differential equations (PDEs) they are based on, for constant input currents. These corrections apply to finite-dimensional models of any order of the considered class. The proposed corrections lead to a new state-space model for which we design observers, whose global, robust convergences are supported by a Lyapunov analysis. Both numerical and experimental validations are presented, which show the improvement of the accuracy of the state estimates as a result of the proposed corrections.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"327-342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Urban Mobility for Saving Lives and Economy During an Epidemic Outbreak, With Application to Grenoble","authors":"Ujjwal Pratap;Carlos Canudas-de-Wit;Federica Garin","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3477990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3477990","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the problem of controlling human mobility in order to mitigate an epidemic in a city. We consider a discrete-time human mobility model that captures daily mobility pattern between residences and different destinations in a city and also incorporates epidemic spread at each location. For this city-wide model, we provide techniques to compute optimal mobility control policies, which tune the operating capacities of different destinations depending on their type. To obtain this kind of policies, we solve an optimization problem that takes into account the current epidemic status and maximizes the socioeconomic activity while keeping the total infections below a desired threshold. The proposed solution techniques use an outer approximation method, thanks to the monotonic nature the problem, and a receding-horizon approach. We apply these techniques to the mobility network of Grenoble metropolitan area.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"288-303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus Walker;Marcel Reith-Braun;Albert Bauer;Florian Pfaff;Georg Maier;Robin Gruna;Thomas Längle;Jürgen Beyerer;Harald Kruggel-Emden;Uwe D. Hanebeck
{"title":"Stochastic Optimal Control of an Optical Sorter With Material Recirculation","authors":"Markus Walker;Marcel Reith-Braun;Albert Bauer;Florian Pfaff;Georg Maier;Robin Gruna;Thomas Längle;Jürgen Beyerer;Harald Kruggel-Emden;Uwe D. Hanebeck","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3477294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3477294","url":null,"abstract":"The optical bulk material sorting is a key technology on our way toward a circular economy and efficient recycling. However, controlling the sorting accuracy has so far been severely limited, as the achievable accuracy of conventional sorters is strongly determined by the mass flow and the mixing ratio of the incoming particle stream. To enable closed-loop control, in the previous work, we introduced a modification to the sorter design, in which controlled fractions of the already sorted mass flows are returned to the inlet of the sorter. In this article, we now propose two open-loop and two closed-loop feedback (CLF) stochastic model predictive controllers (MPCs) for the control of sorting systems with recirculation operating under dynamically changing conditions. In addition, we propose to integrate a desired minimum accuracy as a chance constraint into our controllers’ stochastic formulation. Our evaluations using a coupled discrete element-computational fluid dynamics (DEM-CFD) simulation show that our controllers considerably improve on the system without recirculation and outperform the previously known controllers. Furthermore, we found that they are able to maintain a predefined minimum quality even in highly dynamic scenarios, making the approach highly valuable for tasks where achieving a certain quality at any point in time is crucial.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"354-368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoran Zhan;Jiange Kou;Qing Guo;Chen Wang;Zhenlei Chen;Yan Shi;Tieshan Li
{"title":"Multilevel Control Strategy of Human–Exoskeleton Cooperative Motion With Multimodal Wearable Training Evaluation","authors":"Haoran Zhan;Jiange Kou;Qing Guo;Chen Wang;Zhenlei Chen;Yan Shi;Tieshan Li","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3477299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3477299","url":null,"abstract":"A multilevel control strategy is proposed for a lower limb exoskeleton to realize different human training modes. In the high-level control layer, the human training mode is decided by the operator’s motion intention to generate the reference gait trajectory. Meanwhile, both the joint estimation torque by the long short-term memory (LSTM) network and the human-exoskeleton interactive torques are used to evaluate the wearable comfort performance of the operator. In the middle-level control layer, a variable admittance controller is designed to plan three training modes of human-exoskeleton cooperative motion: passive, active, and passive-to-active mode (PAM). In the low-level control loop, a fixed-time convergent controller with radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) estimation law and input deadzone compensation is presented to guarantee the exoskeleton joint position tracks the desired trajectory of the admittance loop output. To avoid the Zeno phenomenon of the designed controller, an event-triggered mechanism (ETM) is used to determine the execution time for sampling and transmitting signals. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by both simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 2","pages":"434-448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Wang;Erik Weyer;Chris Manzie;Angus R. Simpson;Lisa Blinco
{"title":"Stochastic Co-Design of Storage and Control for Water Distribution Systems","authors":"Ye Wang;Erik Weyer;Chris Manzie;Angus R. Simpson;Lisa Blinco","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3477304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3477304","url":null,"abstract":"Water distribution systems (WDSs) are typically designed with a conservative estimate of the ability of a control system to utilize the available infrastructure. The controller is designed and tuned after a WDS has been laid out, a methodology that may introduce unnecessary conservativeness in both system design and control, adversely impacting operational efficiency and increasing economic costs. To address these limitations, we introduce a method to simultaneously design infrastructure and develop control parameters, the co-design problem, with the aim of improving the overall efficiency of the system. Nevertheless, the co-design of a WDS is a challenging task given the presence of stochastic variables (e.g., water demands and electricity prices). In this article, we propose a tractable stochastic co-design method to design the best tank size and optimal control parameters for WDS, where the expected operating costs are established based on Markov chain theory. We also give a theoretical result showing that the average long-run operating cost converges to the expected operating cost with probability 1. Furthermore, this method is not only applicable to greenfield projects for the co-design of WDSs but can also be utilized to improve the operations of existing WDSs in brownfield projects. The effectiveness and applicability of the co-design method are validated through three illustrative examples and a real-world case study in South Australia.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"274-287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wouter Weekers;Dragan Kostić;Alessandro Saccon;Nathan van de Wouw
{"title":"Data-Based Settling-Time Optimization for Linear Feedback Control Systems Using Global Extremum Seeking","authors":"Wouter Weekers;Dragan Kostić;Alessandro Saccon;Nathan van de Wouw","doi":"10.1109/TCST.2024.3473300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCST.2024.3473300","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance control designs are indispensable in high-end industrial applications. At the same time, tuning a controller for optimal performance only on the basis of model knowledge is generally hampered by model uncertainty, unknown disturbances, and variation in the dynamics between systems of the same make due to manufacturing tolerances. Data-driven control methods facilitate system-specific controller tuning in an automated fashion while taking these aspects into account through measured performance data. This article presents a data-based extremum-seeking approach for the optimization of transient system performance in terms of settling time. A novel cascaded global optimization approach tackles the problem that the settling time depends discontinuously on controller parameters. In addition, it ensures that the resulting controller designs have guaranteed closed-loop stability and robustness margins. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in optimizing transient system behavior is shown experimentally in an industrial case study on a wire bonder system. Herein, it is also shown how to achieve improved performance uniformly over a range of setpoint designs and for position-dependent dynamics.","PeriodicalId":13103,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"343-353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}