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2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)最新文献

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A high efficiency conditioning method of vacuum interrupters by high frequency voltage impulses 一种利用高频电压脉冲对真空灭流器进行高效调理的方法
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412451
He Yang, Yingsan Geng, Zhiyuan Liu, Xiaoshe Zai, Chaoran Wang
{"title":"A high efficiency conditioning method of vacuum interrupters by high frequency voltage impulses","authors":"He Yang, Yingsan Geng, Zhiyuan Liu, Xiaoshe Zai, Chaoran Wang","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412451","url":null,"abstract":"It is well-known that the high-voltage withstand ability of vacuum interrupters (VIs) can be increased by conditioning processes. Several conventional conditioning methods, such as spark conditioning and current conditioning, are used by most vacuum interrupter manufacturers. However, the conditioning efficiency of these methods is low and the conditioning energy is high which would lead to an accompanying `de-conditioning' process. The objective of this paper is to propose a conditioning technique for vacuum interrupters by using a series of sub-microsecond voltage impulses that have a high conditioning efficiency and low conditioning energy. Two 7.2kV VIs are used to investigate the improvement of the basic impulse level (BIL) by this proposed technique, compared with the other two VIs which are conditioned by the conventional method. During the conditioning process, VI suffers several hundreds of batches of sub-microsecond high voltage impulses (1000Hz, 0.1s). The peak value of each impulse reaches 100kV. If a breakdown occurs, a high frequency conditioning current of several kA (peak value) would flow through the vacuum interrupter. The experimental results show that this conditioning technology has a higher efficiency compared with the conventional method by decreasing the conditioning process duration from several minutes to tens of seconds. The average value of the BIL voltages by using the new conditioning is 27% higher than that of the conventional conditioning. And the scattering of the breakdown voltage could be reduced by 31%. The conditioned area occupies to the whole contact surface after the high frequency voltage impulses conditioning, which is superior to that of the conventional conditioning.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126923737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Improved glass-ceramic envelope for vacuum interrupters 改进的真空灭弧玻璃陶瓷外壳
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412552
R. Parashar
{"title":"Improved glass-ceramic envelope for vacuum interrupters","authors":"R. Parashar","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412552","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes an improved hermetic glass-ceramic-to-metal seal which provides a high strength mechanical joint. The new sealing joint reduces electrical stress at the metal interface and is especially suitable for vacuum interrupters designed for high voltage applications requiring high reliability. An improved design of the glass-ceramic-to-metal seal is presented which uses a `U' section metal end flange. A novel high voltage vacuum interrupter design is presented for a load break switch and fault interrupting applications using fewer components than at present. It has been shown how different features can be incorporated into the glass-ceramic envelopes to avoid the requirement for metallic vapour shields or for external sheds or corrugations to enhance dielectric behaviour. The design could be used directly for an outdoor application eliminating the need for external insulation. Finite element modelling has been used to analyse the seal and interrupter design mechanically and electrically.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124383764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Application of research in field emitter arrays to the breakdown of contacts in vacuum 场射极阵列在真空触点击穿中的应用研究
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412445
E. Taylor
{"title":"Application of research in field emitter arrays to the breakdown of contacts in vacuum","authors":"E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412445","url":null,"abstract":"Field emitter arrays (FEA's) consist of micrometer-sized sites on a surface in vacuum designed to drive the field emission of electrons. Large arrays of these devices are envisioned for applications in video displays and x-ray generation. Research in this area is relevant for studies in field emission and breakdown on contacts in vacuum and vacuum interrupters, particularly for the application of vacuum interrupters to high-voltage (HV) electrical systems. The detailed knowledge of the actual surface structure and conditions in FEA's can exceed what is feasible for macroscopic contacts, giving the opportunity for more detailed comparison of field emission/breakdown theories to experiments. The first part of this work examines the applicability of FEA research to macroscopic contacts in vacuum. The second part compares the field enhancement factor, emission area, non-uniformity of emission sites, and influence of particles between these two arrangements.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127468120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Charge state distributions of Al and Cr cathodic arc plasmas 铝和铬阴极电弧等离子体的电荷态分布
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412575
R. Franz, J. Wallig, P. Polcik, A. Anders
{"title":"Charge state distributions of Al and Cr cathodic arc plasmas","authors":"R. Franz, J. Wallig, P. Polcik, A. Anders","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412575","url":null,"abstract":"Ion charge state distributions of pulsed arcs have been measured for Al and Cr cathodes in vacuum and different background gases. The distance from the cathode to the extraction grid of the time-of-flight spectrometer was varied, and measurements were repeated to assess the statistical fluctuations that are typical for arc operation. The results represent a baseline for future studies that aim to include composite cathodes in reactive environments as used for synthesising state-of-the-art hard coatings.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"685 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132552925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Validation progresses of the voltage holding prediction model at the high voltage Padova test facility HVPTF 高压Padova试验装置HVPTF保压预测模型的验证进展
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412437
A. Lorenzi, N. Pilan, A. Pesce, E. Spada
{"title":"Validation progresses of the voltage holding prediction model at the high voltage Padova test facility HVPTF","authors":"A. Lorenzi, N. Pilan, A. Pesce, E. Spada","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412437","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of the program for the construction in Padova - Italy of the first prototype of the ITER 1 MeV-16 MW Negative Neutral Beam Injector a R&D program on voltage holding in vacuum has been initiated since 2009, aimed at supporting the design, construction and development of the NNBI accelerator. To this purpose, the testing facility HVPTF, designed to operate up to 800 kV, has been built, in parallel to the development of a Multi Voltage-Multi-Electrode-Voltage Holding Prediction Model-VHPM. The paper focuses the results of the campaign (up to 270 kV) carried out in the Facility on different electrode configurations, with the aim of validating the VHPM in well controlled condition. The prediction capability of the model has been partially confirmed. This result made worthy to make a critical review of the physical basis of the model-based on the Cranberg-Slivkov clump theory - taking into consideration also other breakdown initiation mechanism.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132890460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Theory of anode region of high-current vacuum arc 大电流真空电弧阳极区理论
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412533
Y. I. Londer, K. Ulyanov
{"title":"Theory of anode region of high-current vacuum arc","authors":"Y. I. Londer, K. Ulyanov","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412533","url":null,"abstract":"A model of the anode region of high-current vacuum is developed that explicitly takes into consideration the ratio of the drift velocity of the electrons in plasma v0 to their thermal velocity vT as a parameter of the electron velocity distribution function in the anode sheath. A transcendental equation for determining the value of the negative anode drop as a function of the ratio v0/vT is obtained. It is shown that in contrast to the well-known Langmuir formula the anode drop remains negative for any value of v0/vT relation. For small values of v0/vT <;<; 1 the expression obtained passes asymptotically into the Langmuir formula. The dependence of the anode drop value on the current density is used as a boundary condition at the anode in solving the two-dimensional problems in the theory of short vacuum arc. In accordance with the Langmuir formula a region with a positive anode drop is formed at the anode when the current density increases. The results of present work show that the region with a positive anode drop is absent.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134536490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A study of vacuum levels in a sample of long service vacuum interrupters 长期使用真空断路器样品真空水平的研究
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412482
L. Falkingham, R. Reeves, S. Mistry, C. H. Gill
{"title":"A study of vacuum levels in a sample of long service vacuum interrupters","authors":"L. Falkingham, R. Reeves, S. Mistry, C. H. Gill","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412482","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the inspection and testing of 140 vacuum interrupters that had been in service with utilities. These had significantly exceeded the normal 20 year vacuum lives originally assigned by the manufacturers, but were still considered to be good, and remained in service. Our sample included interrupters of a number of different types from two manufacturers. We found that some interrupters still had an extremely good vacuum. The majority had a slightly degraded vacuum, but we could confidently predict a further 10 or 20 years of use. A few had a poor vacuum and needed to be replaced urgently. A small number had such a poor vacuum that they failed a voltage withstand test, and were not suitable for vacuum measurement. This study concludes that although the reliability of vacuum interrupters is extremely high during the normal service life, interrupters in use for significant periods beyond this life have a significantly higher probability of vacuum failure, following the predictions of the classic \"bath tub\" curve of failure.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131824922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Dependence of the ion energy in vacuum spark plasma flow on current pulse shape features 真空火花等离子体流中离子能量与电流脉冲形状特征的关系
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412447
Y. Zemskov
{"title":"Dependence of the ion energy in vacuum spark plasma flow on current pulse shape features","authors":"Y. Zemskov","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412447","url":null,"abstract":"Mass-energy spectra of an ion flow from 300 k V, 200 ns vacuum spark discharge plasma were analyzed. Energy distributions of ion species were obtained from single-discharge shots accorded with synchronized current and voltage pulse oscillograms. It was found, that peak energy values of these distributions have a strong probability to be close to a voltage magnitude at the moment corresponding to a pulse spike on the current oscillogram.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"127 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133993790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast switch with laser initiation 激光启动快速开关
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412504
V. Paperny, I. Romanov, Y. Korobkin, N. Kiselev
{"title":"Fast switch with laser initiation","authors":"V. Paperny, I. Romanov, Y. Korobkin, N. Kiselev","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412504","url":null,"abstract":"In a low inductance vacuum spark with laser initiation, the switching time dependence on parameters of the initiating laser pulse as well as on the interelectrode gap voltage in a wide range of the values is studied. It is shown that the switching time depends just weakly on the voltage but depends significantly on intensity of the laser pulse, so that at high values of these parameters, the time, in fact, is determined just by the self characteristics of the discharge circuit, i.e. inductance and capacity. This result means that the possible instabilities within the cathode plasma jet are suppressed by means of enhancement of amount of the ablated cathode matter due to the laser irradiation. That permits us to suggest that laser-induced switch with the switching time just of a few nanoseconds can be employed.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"143 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114031632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Distribution property of transient recovery voltage of vacuum switch with multi-break during short-circuit current interruption 短路电流中断时多断路真空开关暂态恢复电压的分布特性
2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412496
C. Xian, Duan Xiongying, G. Guowei, Liao Minfu, Z. Jiyan
{"title":"Distribution property of transient recovery voltage of vacuum switch with multi-break during short-circuit current interruption","authors":"C. Xian, Duan Xiongying, G. Guowei, Liao Minfu, Z. Jiyan","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2012.6412496","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage distribution relation of vacuum switch (VS) with multi-break determined its breaking capacity in certain degree. The distribution properties of transient recovery voltage (TRV) and dielectric recovery characteristics of vacuum switch are studied by experiment in this paper. The experimental prototype is set up. The voltage distribution of the interrupters with grading capacitors and without grading capacitors is compared. When three interrupters parallel connect different grading capacitors, short-circuit current is interrupted under the conditions of three interrupters contacts synchronous or asynchronous parting. The experimental results show that successful interruption mostly due to the good voltage sharing in the dielectric recovery process. The voltage distribution is mainly decided by interrupters' arc resistances in the dielectric recovery process, whereas it is decided by their equivalent capacitance after the dielectric recovery process. Therefore, high controllability actuator and proper grading capacitors are important factors for multi-break vacuum switch to interrupt successfully.","PeriodicalId":130964,"journal":{"name":"2012 25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123873065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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