Jun Gu;Yu Liu;Xiang Zhu;Qiangqiang Ning;Jiamin Pan;Song Li
{"title":"Power Balance Modulation for Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters via Carrier Optimization","authors":"Jun Gu;Yu Liu;Xiang Zhu;Qiangqiang Ning;Jiamin Pan;Song Li","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3691928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3691928","url":null,"abstract":"Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverters are widely used in medium-voltage, high-power motor drives, photovoltaic grid-connected systems, and energy storage systems due to their high modularity and ease of scalability. However, traditional modulation strategies face the inherent tradeoff between power balancing and harmonic optimization. Imbalanced output power or poor harmonic characteristics of the output voltage directly compromise the quality of the inverter’s output voltage waveform. To address the aforementioned issues, an improved carrier-layered (ICL) technology is proposed. Through carrier reconstruction, it achieves optimal total harmonic distortion (THD) while utilizing redundant switching states to uniformly distribute power across cascaded units. This strategy, based on universal constraints, can be directly extended to n-unit topologies, maintaining power balance among remaining units even after any unit failure. Finally, the effectiveness of this strategy is validated through theoretical analysis, simulation, and experimental verification.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6743-6753"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149097259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3-D PLL Model Considering Frequency-Impedance Coupling for Accurate Whole-Process Dynamic Capture and Transient Stability Analysis","authors":"Mingyao Ren;Ziqian Zhang;Chuang Liu;Zhe Zhang;Chao Liu;Robert Schuerhuber;Ikromjon Usmonovich Rakhmonov","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3691116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3691116","url":null,"abstract":"Transient synchronization stability of the grid-connected converter is critically affected by the phase-locked loop (PLL) dynamics. However, frequency-impedance coupling (FIC) induced by PLL frequency deviation is often neglected in the conventional quasi-steady-state (QSS) PLL model, which may lead to an inaccurate post-fault stability assessment. To address this issue, this article proposes a 3-D frequency-impedance coupling (FIC) PLL model that explicitly incorporates frequency drift during faults, enabling whole-process transient stability analysis from fault occurrence to recovery. Based on that, the existence conditions of stable equilibrium points and the evolution of the domain of attraction (DOA) are investigated comprehensively with respect to grid strengths, PLL parameters, and fault durations. Furthermore, a DOA-oriented parameter design framework is developed to enhance transient stability. Finally, experimental results on a scaled-down GCC platform validate that the FIC-PLL model provides more accurate stability assessments than conventional QSS models, and the optimized PLL parameters effectively improve transient stability under weak-grid conditions.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"5760-5771"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149097332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Clamping Arm Control for Voltage Balancing of Series-Connected Modular Switches in MV/HV VSCs","authors":"Tianji Zhou;Biao Zhao;Xueyin Zhang;Ruihang Bai;Zhongjian Song;Bin Cui;Lu Qu;Zhanqing Yu;Qiang Song;Rong Zeng","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3686706","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3686706","url":null,"abstract":"The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is widely deployed in medium-voltage DC (MVDC) and high-voltage DC (HVDC) systems but suffers from high cost and bulky submodule (SM) capacitors. Voltage source converters (VSCs) offer a compact and cost-effective alternative but require voltage-balancing control for series-connected devices in MV/HV high current applications with significant stray inductance. This work advances existing active clamping module (ACM) to self-powered, bypass-capable modular switches (MSs) and proposes a dynamic clamping arm (DCA) control for series-connected MSs, enabling soft-switched recovery of turn-off energy and low-bandwidth sorting-based voltage balancing. The commutation process under DCA control is discussed in detail. Analytical models quantify voltage-balancing modes and derive design constraints for key parameters of a 10 kV/5 MW prototype. Performance comparisons of the proposed scheme with MMC and existing balancing methods are discussed. A phase-unit of the prototype, employing eight series-connected 1.7 kV IGBT-based MSs per arm, is tested in a power-cycling setup. The experimental results demonstrate robust voltage balancing and minimal auxiliary switch stress, confirming the effectiveness of DCA control and its feasibility in MV/HV VSCs.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6104-6118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147735667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Yuan;Yifan Guo;Mingxin Hu;Yaran Li;Zhangjie Liu;Mei Su;Zhao Yang Dong
{"title":"Quantitative Parameter Design for Transient Synchronization Stability of Parallel VSGs","authors":"Liang Yuan;Yifan Guo;Mingxin Hu;Yaran Li;Zhangjie Liu;Mei Su;Zhao Yang Dong","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3667480","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3667480","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) systems are an attractive solution for inertia support and for improving grid frequency stability. Nevertheless, the interaction mechanisms among parallel VSG systems are still insufficiently understood. The quantitative design of virtual inertia and damping, which is critical for maintaining transient synchronization stability (TSS), has not yet been systematically addressed. To address these gaps, a mathematical model of parallel VSG systems is developed. This model incorporates the dynamic characteristics of damping dissipation, system interactions, and reactive power control (RPC). Second, the feasible parameter region (FPR) is then determined to satisfy transient stability and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) requirements under large disturbances. The influence of system parameters on stability margins is systematically evaluated. Finally, experimental results confirm the accuracy of the proposed parameter range. The study provides practical guidance for parameter design and engineering applications of parallel VSGs.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6376-6388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147279873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-Time Resonant-Current Modulation to Suppressing Negative Start-Up Current in an Asymmetrical Half-Bridge Flyback Converter","authors":"Ming-Chang Tsou;Yun-Keng Cheng;Chao-Chih Lin","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3677881","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3677881","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a real-time resonant-current (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{CR}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)-based modulation strategy to suppress negative start-up current—that is, the negative resonant current during bootstrap precharge—in an asymmetrical half-bridge flyback converter (AHBFC) subjected to fast AC on/off transients. During rapid cycling, residual energy and transformer leakage inductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$L_{k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) can induce large negative start-up current in the precharge phase, risking low-side switch (LSW) overstress and compromising high-side bootstrap reliability. The proposed method senses <inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{CR}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> via a dedicated path and dynamically modulates the LSW conduction interval to cap the peak negative start-up current while ensuring sufficient charging of the high-side driver supply (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$V_{HVCC}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). On a 240-W universal serial bus power delivery (USB-PD) 3.1 prototype, compared with a conventional bleed-resistor implementation without active precharge control, the method reduces the negative-peak <inline-formula> <tex-math>$I_{CR}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by 27.1% at PD 20 V and 50.5% at PD 48 V, corresponding to a maximum reduction of 14.6 A. In particular, under a representative fast restart condition at PD 48 V with an 8-ms AC-off interruption, the peak negative start-up current is halved (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~to ~10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A) without compromising the total bootstrap duration. By eliminating the bleed path while preserving safe restart operation, the prototype achieves an 8.9% (29.3 mW) reduction in no-load input power at PD 48 V, contributing to improved standby efficiency and reduced energy consumption. Furthermore, start-up robustness and overall efficiency are maintained, ensuring full PD 3.1 compatibility with minimal hardware overhead.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"5709-5719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147524644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akanksha;Afraz Ahmad;Ilamparithi Thirumarai Chelvan;Khanh Dat Truong
{"title":"Hybrid TD3-PI Control for Wireless Charging of Light Electric Vehicles","authors":"Akanksha;Afraz Ahmad;Ilamparithi Thirumarai Chelvan;Khanh Dat Truong","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3683346","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3683346","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-assisted adaptive control strategy for wireless power transfer (WPT) in light electric vehicle (LEV) charging. A phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter with series–series (S–S) compensation is considered, where the primary-side controller regulates the secondary charging current. Conventional proportional–integral (PI) control, tuned around nominal coupling, suffers performance degradation and even loss of convergence under coil misalignment and coupling variation. To address this, a twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) agent is used to adapt the PI gains online based on secondary-side feedback. The agent is trained in a Simulink environment and deployed in inference-only mode on a TI C2000 F28379D microcontroller, occupying approximately 25% of on-chip memory, demonstrating the feasibility of DRL-based adaptive control on resource-constrained embedded platforms. Experimental results show that the proposed TD3-assisted adaptive PI achieves constant-current (CC) regulation with significantly faster convergence compared to fixed-gain PI, settling time is reduced from 8.65 to 5.95 ms under aligned conditions, from 17.00 to 11.05 ms under lateral misalignment, and from 26.00 to 14.82 ms under angular misalignment, corresponding to improvements of about 35% and 43%. The faster transient response lowers stress and losses in the power switches. These results validate that DRL-enabled adaptive control enhances robustness of WPT-based LEV charging under realistic misalignment scenarios while remaining implementable on industrial-grade digital controllers.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6821-6830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Interleaved Decoupled Four Unipolar Receiving Coils Based Dual-Channel Wireless Power Transfer System With Misalignment Tolerance","authors":"Jianbo Jiang;Lei Zhang;Lin Yang;Fei Liu;Jiaxue Guo;Yudong Yang;Enming Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3685300","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3685300","url":null,"abstract":"To address issues of mutual inductance fluctuations and output instability caused by coil misalignment in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicles (EVs), this article proposes an interleaved decoupled four unipolar receiving coils based dual-channel WPT system with misalignment tolerance. Each channel’s receiving coil consists of two unipolar coils arranged diagonally. The proposed magnetic coupler achieves decoupling between the two unipolar coils by interleaving them at specific positions. Compared to existing decoupling methods, the proposed solution offers the following advantages: 1) a more compact structure with a smaller footprint; 2) requires fewer coils to achieve decoupling; and 3) enables misalignment tolerance for X, Y, and diagonal directions while maintaining constant-current (CC) charging and zero-phase-angle (ZPA) operation. Finally, an experimental prototype was built, and the experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed WPT system.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6831-6841"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147725714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuejian Ge;Dingqiang Ren;Minghao Tang;Ling Li;Lei Wang
{"title":"Single-Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter With Boosting and Cascade Through Inductors for Magnetic Coupling Wireless Power Transfer Systems","authors":"Xuejian Ge;Dingqiang Ren;Minghao Tang;Ling Li;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3680267","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3680267","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a single-source cascaded multilevel inverter for magnetic coupling wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) systems, achieving boosting and cascading via inductors. An inductor is integrated into the first H-bridge to boost voltage, while subsequent bridges are connected through inductors rather than switches. This topology effectively suppresses current spikes of capacitors, doubles DC voltages, and enhances output stability and gain. Taking a five-level topology as an example, the operating principle, mathematical model, and parameter design are analyzed, as well as the charging and discharging processes of capacitors. Concurrently, the soft-switching operating states and power loss of the proposed inverter are calculated and evaluated, and its performance is validated through experiments. Experimental results confirm the inverter achieves a voltage amplitude gain of 4 and reduces reliance on capacitors. Furthermore, most switches achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS), significantly minimizing switching loss. The proposed inverter maintains high efficiency across a 0–1 kW range, peaking at 93.3%, with a total harmonic distortion (THD) as low as 17.06%. These results validate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed inverter for MC-WPT applications.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6794-6807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147598929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic Mitigation of Rotor Position Quantization Errors in High-Speed PMSM Applications With Low-Resolution Encoders","authors":"Zaixiang Wang;Yesong Li;Huanliang Luo","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3701977","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3701977","url":null,"abstract":"Low-resolution encoders (LREs) in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) digital control systems face significant challenges from quantization errors. Due to spectral aliasing, high-frequency quantization-errors fold into the control bandwidth. These errors manifest as low-frequency harmonics and cause torque ripples. An improved scheme based on a vector-tracking observer is proposed to mitigate these aliased errors. First, a quantization-error decoupling method (QEDM) utilizes position increments and an auxiliary observer to address error discontinuity and information deficiency. Subsequently, an exact model-based error extraction (EMEE) module is employed for closed-loop feedback correction of residual errors. Experimental results show significant suppression of aliased position-error harmonics. As a result, the current harmonics and torque ripples are reduced. The proposed scheme (PS) provides a practical solution for employing LREs in high-speed applications.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6319-6330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interaction of CM Noise Paths Between the Flyback Auxiliary Power Supply and the Main Circuit and Low-Noise Configuration Design","authors":"Han Bu;Chuang Zhou;Fanghua Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3692680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2026.3692680","url":null,"abstract":"The flyback converter is widely employed as auxiliary power supplies in power electronic systems. However, in such configurations, bidirectional common-mode (CM) noise interaction exists between the auxiliary power supply and the main circuit, leading to severe electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues. To address this problem, a system-level CM noise conduction equivalent model incorporating the auxiliary power supply is established, and the corresponding noise coupling mechanisms are thoroughly analyzed. Based on this model, a low-noise configuration optimization method is proposed. By identifying the critical noise propagation paths, the drive power supply configuration of the auxiliary converter is optimized, thereby increasing the CM impedance along key paths and suppressing interference through noise cancellation principles. Experimental results demonstrate that, without introducing additional filtering components, the proposed method reduces the CM noise generated by the auxiliary power supply by more than 20 dB<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>V while effectively suppressing the noise originating from the main circuit.","PeriodicalId":13093,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics","volume":"14 5","pages":"6531-6543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149097470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}