Holzforschung最新文献

Mechanosorptive creep of Norway spruce on the tissue scale perpendicular to grain. 挪威云杉在垂直于颗粒的组织尺度上的机械吸附蠕变。

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2026-02-18 eCollection Date: 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2025-0115

Alessia Ferrara, Falk K Wittel

引用次数: 0

Effect of temperature on wood modification with citric acid. 温度对柠檬酸改性木材的影响。

IF 1.9 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2026-01-19 eCollection Date: 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2025-0127

Assira Keralta, Johannes Karthäuser, Jérémy Winninger, Julien Chamberland, Yu Ogawa, Yoshiharu Nishiyama, Marie-Josée Dumont, Véronic Landry, Holger Militz

{"title":"Effect of temperature on wood modification with citric acid.","authors":"Assira Keralta, Johannes Karthäuser, Jérémy Winninger, Julien Chamberland, Yu Ogawa, Yoshiharu Nishiyama, Marie-Josée Dumont, Véronic Landry, Holger Militz","doi":"10.1515/hf-2025-0127","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hf-2025-0127","url":null,"abstract":"Citric acid (CA) has emerged as a promising biosourced reagent for wood modification, improving the wood's dimensional stability and durability. However, CA treatments are often associated with reduced mechanical strength, and the specific role of curing temperature in this balance remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the effect of curing temperature on the chemical, physical, and mechanical behavior of CA-modified wood. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood samples were impregnated with 30 % CA solution and cured at 100, 120, 140, and 160 °C for 24 h. Chemical changes were analyzed by FTIR and solid-state 13C NMR, while physical and mechanical performance was assessed through weight gain, cell wall bulking, anti-swelling efficiency, moisture exclusion efficiency, Brinell hardness, and three-point bending strength. Results demonstrated that esterification between CA and wood hydroxy groups increased with temperature, enhancing dimensional stability, especially at 140-160 °C. However, curing at 160 °C also promoted acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cell wall components, leading to significant reductions in bending strength. The best compromise between stability and strength was achieved at 140 °C. These findings highlight curing temperature as a critical factor for optimizing CA treatments, providing a pathway for industrially viable wood modification strategies that balance performance with sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"80 3","pages":"231-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12958830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147365052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the softening behavior of rosin during heating using variable-temperature low-field nuclear magnetic resonance 利用变温低场核磁共振评价松香在加热过程中的软化行为

3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2025-0045

Fan Zhou, Yongdong Zhou, Xin Gao

{"title":"Assessing the softening behavior of rosin during heating using variable-temperature low-field nuclear magnetic resonance","authors":"Fan Zhou, Yongdong Zhou, Xin Gao","doi":"10.1515/hf-2025-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2025-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the softening behavior of rosin during heating using variable-temperature low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) technique, aiming to demonstrate the potential of LF NMR in characterizing softening transitions including softening point. The NMR signals from three types of industrial rosins during heating from 30 °C to 140 °C were analyzed by applying both mono- and multi-component interpretation methods to evaluate signal amplitudes and relaxation time distributions. These parameters were used to assess the effect of heating temperature on the softening properties of rosin. The temperature-dependent NMR signal amplitude exhibited characteristic S-shaped growth, from which the temperature corresponding to the inflection point, where the signal amplitude increased most rapidly, was proposed as the softening point of rosin. The softening point values were mathematically determined through Boltzmann function modeling and subsequently compared with those measured using the ring-and-ball method. The LF NMR-derived softening point values showed close agreement with ring-and-ball results with deviation of 0.1–1.7 °C, validating NMR reliability for softening point analysis.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"79 11","pages":"568-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2025-0045/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green and efficient deep eutectic solvent strategy for rapid aging of Castanopsis sclerophylla wood: a sustainable approach to restore ancient wooden architecture 绿色高效的深共晶溶剂策略用于快速老化的核桃木：一种可持续的方法来恢复古老的木制建筑

3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2025-0057

Qihang Gao, Yun Qian, Runxuan Wang, Yangyang Xu, Yunyan Peng, Youming Yu

{"title":"Green and efficient deep eutectic solvent strategy for rapid aging of Castanopsis sclerophylla wood: a sustainable approach to restore ancient wooden architecture","authors":"Qihang Gao, Yun Qian, Runxuan Wang, Yangyang Xu, Yunyan Peng, Youming Yu","doi":"10.1515/hf-2025-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2025-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The restoration of ancient wooden architectures demands sustainable strategies to produce antique-style wood that mimics naturally aged wood in both aesthetics and structural integrity. Traditional methods for artificial wood aging face challenges in efficiency, scalability, and environmental impact. This study proposed a green and rapid approach using a formic acid/guanidine hydrochloride deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with potassium hydroxide (KOH) to accelerate the aging of Castanopsis sclerophylla , a key material in historical wooden structures. This dual-treatment process selectively degrades lignin (5.0 % reduction) and hemicellulose (13.4 % reduction) while preserving cellulose crystallinity, closely replicating natural aging mechanisms. The treated wood exhibits a characteristic concave-convex texture and darkened coloration akin to ancient wood, with minimal mechanical property loss (6.5 % decrease in bending strength, 8.4 % in modulus of elasticity). Crucially, this method operates under mild conditions (80–100 °C, 2–6 h), eliminating toxic reagents and energy-intensive steps. The work provides a scalable, eco-friendly solution for producing high-fidelity antique wood, addressing the urgent need for sustainable materials in cultural heritage preservation and antique-style construction.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"79 11","pages":"627-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-2025-0057/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eco-friendly densified wood obtained by combining urea and hot-pressing treatment 由尿素和热压处理组合而成的环保致密木材

3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2024-0124

Zhichuang Wang, Rongjun Wei, Tinghuan Wang, Yang Chen, Guo Jin, Zhenyu Wang, Jing Qian, Zhengbin He, Songlin Yi

{"title":"Eco-friendly densified wood obtained by combining urea and hot-pressing treatment","authors":"Zhichuang Wang, Rongjun Wei, Tinghuan Wang, Yang Chen, Guo Jin, Zhenyu Wang, Jing Qian, Zhengbin He, Songlin Yi","doi":"10.1515/hf-2024-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2024-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wood densification treatment is a process that effectively improves the soft texture of fast-growing wood, thus enhancing its mechanical properties. However, the densification process often causes cell wall damage and significant compression set recovery in densified wood, significantly limiting its applications. To address these limitations, urea-pretreated densified wood (UPDW) was developed in this study using different concentrations of urea solution. The UPDW exhibited enhanced dimensional stability and mechanical properties. The UPDW exhibited a reduced compression set recovery of 1.6–4.6 % and thickness moisture swelling of 0.9–2.3 %, which decreased by 86.8 % and 71.9 %, respectively, compared with water-pretreated densified wood, indicating superior dimensional stability. Additionally, UPDW exhibited enhanced modulus of rupture (MOR) (50.7–67.0 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) (5.5–6.4 GPa). The MOR and MOE of the optimized 50 %-UPDW increased by 41.6 % and 28.0 %, respectively, compared with the natural wood (NW). Additionally, the surface hardness of 50 %-UPDW was significantly enhanced (50.6–59.3 HD), which was 39.6 % higher than that of NW. Notably, 89.5 % of the urea in the 50 %-UPDW decomposed into gases and escaped, leaving a small amount of urea. Therefore, the UPDW demonstrates great potential application in construction and furniture materials.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"79 10","pages":"541-551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive creep compliance characterization of orthotropic materials using an automated system. 使用自动化系统全面描述各向同性材料的蠕变顺应性。

IF 2.2 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2025-02-17 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2024-0108

Jonas M Maas, Falk K Wittel

{"title":"Comprehensive creep compliance characterization of orthotropic materials using an automated system.","authors":"Jonas M Maas, Falk K Wittel","doi":"10.1515/hf-2024-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2024-0108","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the creep compliances of orthotropic composite materials requires experiments in at least three different uniaxial and biaxial loading directions. Up to date, data respecting multiple climates and all anatomical directions are sparse for hygro-responsive materials like Norway spruce. Consequently, simulation models of wood frequently over-simplify creep, e.g., by proportionally scaling missing components or neglecting climatic influences. To overcome such simplifications, an automated computer-controlled climatized creep rack was developed, that experimentally assesses moisture-dependent viscoelasticity and mechanosorption in all anatomical directions. The device simultaneously measures the creep strains of three dogbone tension samples, three flat compression samples, and six Arcan shear samples via Digital Image Correlation. This allows for ascertaining the complete orthotropic compliance tensors while accounting for loading direction asymmetries. This paper explains the creep rack's structure and demonstrates its use by determining all nine independent creep compliance components of Norway spruce at 65 % relative humidity. The data shows that loading asymmetry effects amount up to 18 %. Furthermore, the found creep compliance tensor is not proportional to the elastic compliance tensor. By clustering the compliance components, this work identifies four necessary components to represent the full orthotropy of the compliance tensor, obtainable from not less than two experiments.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"79 2-3","pages":"116-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Degradation of Pinus sylvestris and Populus tremula by laccate Ganoderma species 灵芝菌种对欧洲赤松和欧洲山杨的降解作用

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2024-0052

Marta Cortina-Escribano, Aitor Barbero-López, Petri Kilpeläinen, Henri Vanhanen, Antti Haapala

引用次数: 0

Wood density and chemical composition variation of Eucalyptus urophylla clone in different environments 不同环境下桉树克隆的木材密度和化学成分变化

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2024-0022

Vaniele Bento dos Santos, Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha, João Filipi Rodrigues Guimarães, Leonardo Sarno Soares Oliveira, Maria Naruna Felix de Almeida, Nauan Ribeiro Marques Cirilo, Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre

{"title":"Wood density and chemical composition variation of Eucalyptus urophylla clone in different environments","authors":"Vaniele Bento dos Santos, Maria Fernanda Vieira Rocha, João Filipi Rodrigues Guimarães, Leonardo Sarno Soares Oliveira, Maria Naruna Felix de Almeida, Nauan Ribeiro Marques Cirilo, Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto, Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre","doi":"10.1515/hf-2024-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2024-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Variability in Eucalyptus wood density and chemical properties is crucial to understanding important factors for the forest-based industry, such as sampling methods and wood suitability as raw material. This study aimed to evaluate the basic density and chemical composition of the radial positions of young wood from the Eucalyptus urophylla clone grown under different precipitation levels. Trees from E. urophylla clonal plantations were collected in Inhambupe, Jandaíra and Itanagra, Bahia State, Brazil. Trees’ basic density and chemical composition (total extractive, lignin, hemicelluloses and α-cellulose) were determined based on the basal log of each tree, at four radial positions (1, 2, 3 and 4). It was found that the basic density and α-cellulose of wood are influenced by the cambial age and the site rainfall. There was greater increase in sections close to the bark (positions 1 and 4) and in more humid environments (sites Itanagra and Jandaríra). This finding highlights the association between wood basic density and chemical composition, mainly in the holocellulose content.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wood discrimination of six commonly traded Phoebe and Machilus species using high-resolution plastid and nuclear DNA barcodes 利用高分辨率质粒和核 DNA 条形码鉴别六种常见的 Phoebe 和 Machilus 木种

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2024-0012

Yang Lu, Lichao Jiao, Shoujia Liu, Tuo He, Xiaomei Jiang, Yafang Yin

{"title":"Wood discrimination of six commonly traded Phoebe and Machilus species using high-resolution plastid and nuclear DNA barcodes","authors":"Yang Lu, Lichao Jiao, Shoujia Liu, Tuo He, Xiaomei Jiang, Yafang Yin","doi":"10.1515/hf-2024-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2024-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Phoebe and Machilus trees, whose wood is known as Nanmu in China, face endangerment owing to long-term manmade destruction and climate change. Therefore, effective and accurate forensic tools to identify Nanmu species are required. This study developed a method for DNA identification of woods from six commonly traded Phoebe and Machilus species. DNA was efficiently extracted from oil cell-rich wood tissues, DNA barcodes were screened, species were compared, and a Nanmu DNA database was constructed. Comparison and analysis involved 26 sets of plastid genomes of Phoebe and Machilus. The five highest variable regions (Pi>0.009; psbA-trnH, psbJ, psbJ-petA, rpl32-trnL, and ycf 1) were identified, and three nuclear regions (ITS, LEAFY, and RPB2) were compared. Among single DNA fragments, the nuclear DNA region LEAFY proved optimal for identifying Nanmu species, while psbA-trnH+psbJ+ycf1 was the optimal plastid combination locus. Compared with distance-based (TaxonDNA) and machine-learning analyses, the tree-based method had a lower success rate for species identification. Four labelled Nanmu samples were selected to validate the method and clustered with P. zhennan and P. sheareri data based on the LEAFY region and plastid combination locus. These findings will contribute to the conservation, classification, architecture maintenance, and trade monitoring of Nanmu natural resources.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical, vibro-mechanical and optical properties of pernambuco in relation to bow-making qualitative evaluation and wood diversity 与制弓质量评估和木材多样性有关的pernambuco的物理、振动机械和光学特性

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Holzforschung Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1515/hf-2023-0112

Iris Brémaud

{"title":"Physical, vibro-mechanical and optical properties of pernambuco in relation to bow-making qualitative evaluation and wood diversity","authors":"Iris Brémaud","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0112","url":null,"abstract":"Pernambuco is the archetypal wood in modern bows of the violin-family. This species (Paubrasilia echinata) is endangered. Existing literature suggests remaining questions on how its properties’ variability relates to qualification in bow-making, and to diversity. Here 61 pernambuco specimens, with various qualitative evaluations by makers, are characterised for physical, elastic, dynamic, and optical properties. Results are compared with standard relations between-properties, and with 53 pre-selected tropical hardwoods. The tested pernambuco stands in the medium-upper range of these pre-selected species for density (ρ) and modulus of elasticity (E). It is exceptional for its very low damping coefficient (tanδ) and very intense colour (red a*, yellow b* and chroma C*). Within-species variability is high. Qualification is mostly associated to ρ, colour hue angle h° and gloss, then to elasticity – but E and E/ρ (specific modulus) overlap between groups. Qualification involves appearance (L*, h°, gloss) when freshly cut, and with anticipation of changes after ageing or finishing. The properties (damping, chroma) that make pernambuco exceptional among species, are not clearly related to the qualification within the studied sampling. Analyses help better understand the specificities of pernambuco, and highlight the multifactorial nature of wood selection at two levels: between-species preference, and within-species qualification.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142181716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0