Human Biology最新文献

Dimensional Changes in the Skulls of Ancient Children withAge in Xinjiang, China 中国新疆古代儿童头骨随年龄增长的尺寸变化

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a925562

Haijun Li, Jing Zhou, Yujie Zhao, Feng Chen, Hailong Zhang, Chang Fu, Bo Wang, Xiaoyong Xiao

{"title":"Dimensional Changes in the Skulls of Ancient Children with\u0000Age in Xinjiang, China","authors":"Haijun Li, Jing Zhou, Yujie Zhao, Feng Chen, Hailong Zhang, Chang Fu, Bo Wang, Xiaoyong Xiao","doi":"10.1353/hub.2017.a925562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2017.a925562","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars have conducted research on the growth patterns of children’s skulls in terms of skull\u0000size, head circumference, cranial cavity volume, and so forth. This study compared and analyzed 20\u0000skull measurement indexes of different ages from skulls of 38 children (aged 2–15 years) and 87 adult\u0000females (20–40 years) at the Zaghunluq cemetery in Xinjiang, China, to determine how the size of ancient\u0000children’s skulls changed with age. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences between\u0000the six age groups (2, 3–5, 6–8, 9–11, 12–15 years, and adults [20–40 years]) in terms of metrical cranial\u0000traits, cranial area, and cranial cavity volume. Results indicate that the skull kept growing from ages 3–5,\u000012–15, and adults, implying that the skull sizes of ancient children in Xinjiang continued to increase with\u0000age. In addition, the study revealed that children aged 12–15 had skulls that were significantly smaller\u0000than those of adults. This finding showed that the skulls of ancient children in Xinjiang were not fully\u0000developed at the age of 15. Notably, differences existed between age groups in both developmental traits\u0000of the cranium and the rates at which the skull changed.","PeriodicalId":13053,"journal":{"name":"Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioethics as a Dynamic Issue: Holistic Approaches toUnderstanding and Applying Ethics to Study Design 生物伦理是一个动态问题：在研究设计中理解和应用伦理的整体方法

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a925560

Taiye Winful

{"title":"Bioethics as a Dynamic Issue: Holistic Approaches to\u0000Understanding and Applying Ethics to Study Design","authors":"Taiye Winful","doi":"10.1353/hub.2017.a925560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2017.a925560","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropologists have challenged bioethicists to incorporate more holistic approaches to applying ethics\u0000in real-world situations. Where bioethicists tend to use systematic philosophical approaches to moral\u0000dilemmas, anthropologists apply malleable approaches designed to be responsive to variable cultural\u0000contexts. For example, in decision making anthropologists emphasize the importance of community\u0000and the effects of social issues, political economy, and cultural tradition. This difference in approaches\u0000contributes to the contentious relationship between anthropologists and bioethicists. Despite nuanced\u0000perspectives, anthropologists have not enjoyed a durable role in shaping contemporary bioethics. This\u0000lack of nuance becomes problematic when researchers attempt to reconcile ethical issues against a\u0000rigid standard of morality, rather than what Patricia Marshall defines as a “culturally constituted and\u0000continually evolving” process. Reflecting on the institutional review board (IRB) review of the author’s\u0000work with African descendants in the United States and Nigeria, this discussion covers the importance\u0000of conceptualizing bioethics as a dynamic issue, especially when working with communities abroad.\u0000Comparing these review processes reveals the organizational structures, influenced by culture and\u0000society, that impact decision making in respective communities. This contribution to the special issue\u0000suggests that a focus on how IRB reviews are done can also offer insights and contextualization into\u0000community decision making. Within a cross-cultural setting, considerations of the IRB review processes\u0000can lead to more informed conversations on bioethics and can aid researchers in applying more holistic\u0000approaches to study design.","PeriodicalId":13053,"journal":{"name":"Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics and Best Practices of Studying Contemporary Human Populations 当代人类研究的伦理与最佳实践

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a925020

Mayowa T Adegboyega, Xinjun Zhang

{"title":"Ethics and Best Practices of Studying Contemporary Human Populations","authors":"Mayowa T Adegboyega, Xinjun Zhang","doi":"10.1353/hub.2017.a925020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2017.a925020","url":null,"abstract":"At the 2021 meeting of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists, the “Ethics and Best Practices of Studying Contemporary Human Populations” symposium brought together a diverse panel of scientists to address the growing concerns related to consent, communication, and ethical practices in biological anthropology research. Drawing from historical parallels and current practices, the panel underscored the responsibilities of researchers to engage transparently and respectfully with the subjects of their studies. This article summarizes some of the topics raised and debated at that meeting, including the specific challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting surge in studies utilizing biological data from diverse populations, and the meaning of informed consent, genetic privacy, and data justice. The authors emphasize the importance of diversity and inclusion within research teams and leadership roles, and the role this can play in reshaping research approaches and fostering innovation in our field. They challenge the traditional notions of informed consent and encourage a more nuanced understanding that acknowledges the historical context and respects refusals as a form of knowledge production. The diverse perspectives shared at the symposium offer a glimpse into the ongoing efforts of biological anthropologists to navigate ethical challenges in contemporary human population studies. The collective aim is to spark sustained conversations and collaborative endeavors within biological anthropology and to promote continuous improvement in ethical standards and best practices.","PeriodicalId":13053,"journal":{"name":"Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

More than Ethics: Changing Approaches to Research in Human Biology 超越伦理：改变人类生物学研究方法

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a925019

Agustín Fuentes

引用次数: 0

The Origin and Dispersal of Austroasiatic Languages from thePerspectives of Linguistics, Archeology, and Genetics 从语言学、考古学和遗传学的角度看奥斯特罗西亚语的起源和传播

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a925564

Jian Yu, Xiaohua Deng, Zhiquan Fan, Wenjiao Yang, Zhi Ji, Chuan-Chao Wang

{"title":"The Origin and Dispersal of Austroasiatic Languages from the\u0000Perspectives of Linguistics, Archeology, and Genetics","authors":"Jian Yu, Xiaohua Deng, Zhiquan Fan, Wenjiao Yang, Zhi Ji, Chuan-Chao Wang","doi":"10.1353/hub.2017.a925564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2017.a925564","url":null,"abstract":"The Austroasiatic (AA) languages comprise a large language family in mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA)\u0000and South Asia. Theoretical, methodological, and material constraints have limited research on the origin\u0000and dispersal of AA-speaking populations within historical-comparative linguistics. With the deepening of\u0000archaeological and genetic studies, interdisciplinary collaboration has become key to solving this problem.\u0000We review the latest hypotheses in linguistics, archaeology, and molecular anthropology and propose\u0000insights on the origin and dispersal of AA languages. The ancestors of the AA-speaking populations were\u0000suggested to be rice farmers living in the Neolithic Age in southern China. Between 3,000 and 4,500\u0000BP, some of these ancestors who spoke Proto-AA migrated from southern China to northern Vietnam,\u0000together with shouldered stone tools and domesticated rice. They mixed with local hunter-gatherers and\u0000expanded to the south of MSEA, giving rise to the Mon-Khmer, Aslian, and Nicobarese populations. They\u0000also spread to the northeast of India to form the Munda-speaking populations. Another group arrived\u0000near Dian Lake in Yunnan about 2,500 BP, where they created the Bronze Drum culture with the Proto-\u0000Tai-Kadai (TK)–speaking populations and later spread eastward to northern Vietnam via Guangxi. Finally,\u0000the Proto-AA–speaking people who remained in southern China mixed with the Proto-TK–speaking\u0000groups from Fujian and Guangdong, leading to a language shift, which we hypothesize was one of the\u0000main reasons for the “disappearance” of AA in southern China.","PeriodicalId":13053,"journal":{"name":"Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Anthropological Adaptations of Humans Living inExtreme Conditions and Health Implications 生活在极端条件下的人类适应性及其对健康的影响综述

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a925563

Brad Nisipeanu, Robert Lalonde

引用次数: 0

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Southern Tunisian Populations 突尼斯南部人口的线粒体 DNA 变异

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a925561

M. Capocasa, C. Battaggia, E. Cancellieri, A. Lisi, Nouri Boukhchim, G. Bisol, S. di Lernia, P. Anagnostou

{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Southern Tunisian Populations","authors":"M. Capocasa, C. Battaggia, E. Cancellieri, A. Lisi, Nouri Boukhchim, G. Bisol, S. di Lernia, P. Anagnostou","doi":"10.1353/hub.2017.a925561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2017.a925561","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its complex history of migrations and colonization of African, European, and Asian people, the\u0000Tunisian territory is an ideal area to study the effects of cultural change on the genetic structure of\u0000human populations. This study investigated genetic variation in the mitochondrial DNA of Tunisian\u0000populations to detect the possible impact of recent historical events on their gene pool. Two Arab and\u0000three Berber communities were analyzed using a comparison data set of 45 other populations comprising\u0000African, Arabian, Asian, European, and Near Eastern groups. Results were compared with those produced\u0000using a large panel of autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We observed a slight but important\u0000difference between the populations that inhabit the southern and central-northern areas of Tunisia.\u0000Furthermore, robust signatures of genetic isolation were detected in two Berber populations (Nouvelle\u0000Zraoua and Tamezret) and in the R’Baya people, a seminomadic Arab group. This investigation suggests\u0000that the genetic structure of investigated southern Tunisian populations retains signatures of historical\u0000events that occurred between the 7th and 17th centuries, particularly the trans-Saharan slave trade and\u0000the emigration of Berbers in remote areas of the south during the Arab conquest.","PeriodicalId":13053,"journal":{"name":"Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140769430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paternal Origins of Mongolic-Speaking Populations: A Review of Studies from Recent Decades (1999–2019) and Their Implications for Multidisciplinary Research in the Future 蒙古族人口的父系起源:近几十年(1999-2019)研究综述及其对未来多学科研究的启示

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a879188

Sharengaowa, Peng-Cheng Ma, W. Yang, Altangoo Ochirbat, M. Zhabagin, Na Sun, Yong-Mei Xie, Yong-Lan Li, Lan-Hai Wei

引用次数: 0

Susceptibility to Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Paleogenomic Data 神经退行性疾病的易感性:来自古基因组数据的见解

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.a879187

D. Toncheva, S. Karachanak-Yankova, M. Marinova, P. Borovska, D. Serbezov

{"title":"Susceptibility to Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Paleogenomic Data","authors":"D. Toncheva, S. Karachanak-Yankova, M. Marinova, P. Borovska, D. Serbezov","doi":"10.1353/hub.2017.a879187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2017.a879187","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient human genome data accumulated in recent years can be employed to establish the spatiotemporal trajectories of genetic variants associated with human diseases. Such knowledge might illuminate if and how past adaptations impact contemporary human health and medicine. Scarcely any studies have yet attempted to evaluate genetic susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders in ancient human communities. Using publicly available ancient human genome-wide data, this study evaluated the molecular predisposition to neurodegenerative disorders in ancient human communities. Ancient genome-wide data was screened for the presence of variants unequivocally associated with neurodegenerative disorders in modern populations, identifying two rare variants in the LRRK2 gene associated with Mendelian Parkinson’s disease, a pathogenic variant in the CRH gene associated with an uncommon form of epilepsy, and a rare variant in the TREM2 gene that is a possible risk modifier associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Their historical and geographic prevalence was also assessed, indicating differing spatiotemporal frequency dynamics for these clinically significant variants. Neurodegenerative disorders often have poorly understood pathogenesis that might be elucidated by studying the interaction of past genetic variability with ecological and evolutionary factors such as adverse environmental conditions, specific selective pressures, periods of population isolation, and admixture processes. Data on molecular predisposition to neurodegenerative disorders in ancient genomes is instructive to modern medical diagnostic and therapeutic practices.","PeriodicalId":13053,"journal":{"name":"Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89318656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Y-STR Haplotypic Polymorphisms for the Hakka Population in West China and Phylogenic Comparison with Other Chinese Populations 中国西部客家人群Y-STR单倍型多态性及其与中国其他人群的系统发育比较

4区生物学

Human Biology Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1353/hub.2017.0109

Mengnan Liu, Chang-Xiu Peng, Dan-Lu Song, H. Jin, Xingjuan Zheng, Guangyao Fan

{"title":"Y-STR Haplotypic Polymorphisms for the Hakka Population in West China and Phylogenic Comparison with Other Chinese Populations","authors":"Mengnan Liu, Chang-Xiu Peng, Dan-Lu Song, H. Jin, Xingjuan Zheng, Guangyao Fan","doi":"10.1353/hub.2017.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hub.2017.0109","url":null,"abstract":"The Hakka, who have undergone a series of great migrations, are usually identified with people who speak the Hakka language or share at least same Hakka ancestry. As the largest Hakka dialect island in West China, the Dongshan region was closely linked with the great migration wave of Hakka. However, the paternal genetic profiles of Dongshan Hakka have never been revealed. In the present study, 41 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci included in the SureID PathFinder Plus Kit were analyzed in 353 unrelated male individuals (171 Hakka and 182 Han) of Sichuan Province, China. By analyzing 166 different haplotypes among Dongshan Hakka and 176 different haplotypes among Sichuan Han males, haplotype diversity was calculated as 0.9997, with a discrimination capacity of 0.9708, for the Hakka population, and 0.9996 and 0.9670 for the Sichuan Han population, respectively. Most of the Y-STR loci were highly informative in both populations except DYS645. The genetic relationships were evaluated by comparing the Hakka population with 11 other groups that are relevant to Hakka migration routes. The results of the multidimensional scaling plot and phylogenetic tree indicate that the Dongshan Hakka population was closely related to Han nationalities from Anhui, Jiangxi, and Fujian Provinces.","PeriodicalId":13053,"journal":{"name":"Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87787046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0