IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking最新文献_第7页

Design of Power Allocation and Device Grouping in PD-NOMA Communication Systems PD-NOMA通信系统中功率分配与设备分组设计

IF 6.7 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3678581

Min Hua;Jianan Wei;Cong Zhang;Zhongqiu Wu;Yadong Ru;Xiaoming Liu;Yijin Zhang;Wen Zhou

{"title":"Design of Power Allocation and Device Grouping in PD-NOMA Communication Systems","authors":"Min Hua;Jianan Wei;Cong Zhang;Zhongqiu Wu;Yadong Ru;Xiaoming Liu;Yijin Zhang;Wen Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3678581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3678581","url":null,"abstract":"Power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) is considered an effective means of enabling massive connectivity and improving spectral efficiency in next-generation (6G) wireless communication networks, particularly for the massive Internet of Things (mIoT). This paper optimizes power allocation and device grouping to address energy efficiency and resource scarcity challenges. We investigate optimal power allocation under two distinct successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding orders at the receiver, incorporating constraints on limited transmit power, quality of service (QoS), and SIC decoding requirements. Using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions, we derive rigorous criteria for grouping IoT devices on shared subchannels and determine their optimal power coefficients. Analytical results prove that channel-gain-ascending SIC maximizes downlink subchannel capacity, while channel-gain-descending SIC optimizes uplink performance. Furthermore, we propose a resource-efficient device grouping scheme that reduces the required number of orthogonal subchannels compared to conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA). Simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only conserves the number of orthogonal subchannels compared to the OMA system, but also exhibits superior overall system capacity. This work directly contributes to energy-efficient resource management in sustainable IoT communications by minimizing spectral resources and enhancing network longevity.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"2535-2550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147665457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Secondary Throughput Maximization and Eavesdropping Protection in RIS-Aided Underlay Green Cognitive Radio Networks ris辅助下绿色认知无线网络的二次吞吐量最大化与窃听保护

IF 6.9 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-07 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3730981

Avik Banerjee;Santi P. Maity;Riku Jäntti

{"title":"On Secondary Throughput Maximization and Eavesdropping Protection in RIS-Aided Underlay Green Cognitive Radio Networks","authors":"Avik Banerjee;Santi P. Maity;Riku Jäntti","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3730981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3730981","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided energy harvesting (EH) scheme on cognitive radio network (CRN), operating in an underlay mode, is considered in presence of an eavesdropper. Both primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) networks, each one consisting of one transmitter-receiver pair, share the same spectrum simultaneously with a single antenna. The aim of the study is to maximize the secondary throughput while meeting PU data rate, SU energy causality and secrecy capacity constraints. The present work adopts an SU-centric RIS design, where the RIS phases are configured to coherently enhance the received signal at the SU receiver. Based on this design, the optimal phase and amplitude of each RIS element are determined, and the resulting configuration is employed in the joint optimization of SU transmit power (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and the EH time allocation factor (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The optimal values of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> are calculated through Lagrange method. The impact of RIS placement on SU throughput near/far to SU transmitter/receiver, PU receiver and eavesdropper are analyzed. SU throughput analysis with the change in the number of reflecting elements (‘M’) and amplitude attenuation of RIS are also analyzed in this work. Simulation results show efficacy of RIS on SU throughput as ~41.88% and ~96.85% gain over the existing works at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$M=64$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for ideal unit modulus reflection.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"4353-4368"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149033777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obstruction-Aware Gateway Mesh for LoRaWAN via Grid-Based Multi-Loss Propagation Modeling 基于网格的多损耗传播建模的LoRaWAN障碍物感知网关网格

IF 6.9 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3720376

Shubham Pandey;Hari Prabhat Gupta;Preti Kumari;Seela Veerabhadreswara Rao

{"title":"Obstruction-Aware Gateway Mesh for LoRaWAN via Grid-Based Multi-Loss Propagation Modeling","authors":"Shubham Pandey;Hari Prabhat Gupta;Preti Kumari;Seela Veerabhadreswara Rao","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3720376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3720376","url":null,"abstract":"Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) enables scalable, long-range Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, but physical obstructions often reduce coverage and link reliability. Gateway mesh architectures mitigate this limitation by allowing relay gateways to forward packets to border gateways over multi-hop paths. However, existing approaches are largely oblivious to environmental obstructions, which can lead to unstable connectivity, coverage gaps, and insufficient redundancy in critical zones, such as operationally important buildings and key open areas. To address this, we propose an obstruction-aware gateway mesh framework that integrates environmental modeling with gateway placement. The framework constructs a 3D representation of the deployment area from satellite imagery, shadow geometry, and semantic segmentation, and uses a multi-loss propagation model to estimate device-to-gateway and inter-gateway link strength under obstruction-induced attenuation. Using these estimates, the framework determines relay and border gateway placements to improve coverage, ensure reliable relay-to-border gateway connectivity, and provide redundancy in critical zones. Real-world campus evaluations show that the proposed solution achieves higher coverage, reliability, and network efficiency than baseline strategies under a fixed gateway budget in obstruction-prone environments.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"3999-4012"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148836491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Multi-Strategy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Sparse Planar Antenna Array Synthesis 稀疏平面天线阵合成中一种新的多策略非线性多目标粒子群优化算法

IF 6.9 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3701739

Ruiyou Li;Min Li;Liang Zhu;Wen Liao;Jiayi Ju

{"title":"A Novel Multi-Strategy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Sparse Planar Antenna Array Synthesis","authors":"Ruiyou Li;Min Li;Liang Zhu;Wen Liao;Jiayi Ju","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3701739","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3701739","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on the optimization of sparse antenna arrays has concentrated on minimizing the sidelobe level (SLL), which often leads to an imbalanced performance in the overall radiation pattern synthesis. To address this issue, we present a novel multi-strategy nonlinear multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MSNL-MOPSO) algorithm based on global learning integration strategy and local mutation joint mechanism. First, a hybrid multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) model is constructed to jointly minimize the peak sidelobe level (PSLL) and beamwidth (BW), mitigating the imbalance problem encountered in radiation pattern synthesis. Then, a global learning integration method based on adaptive inertia weight and dandelion flight mechanism is designed to enhance population diversity and global search capabilities. Furthermore, a local mutation joint approach based on logarithmic spiral opposition-based learning (LSOBL) and Cauchy-golden sine inverse cumulative mutation (CGSICM) strategy is employed to improve convergence precision. Finally, experimental evaluations on four classical benchmark functions demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed MSNL-MOPSO algorithm. Additionally, the experimental results of two sparse planar antenna arrays synthesis show that MSNL-MOPSO achieves a 2.1 dB reduction in PSLL and a 20% improvement in convergence speed compared to mainstream algorithms (NSGA-II, MOGWO, MORIME, and MOPSO). These findings confirm the significant potential of MSNL-MOPSO for optimizing complex sparse planar antenna array configurations.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"3284-3297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NEMESI: 5G Non-Invasive EMF Multi-User Exposure Surveillance and Inspection NEMESI: 5G无创EMF多用户暴露监测和检查

IF 6.9 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3695297

Daniele Franci;Ivan Palamá;Stefano Mangione;Sara Adda;Mattia Vaccarono;Giuseppe Bianchi

{"title":"NEMESI: 5G Non-Invasive EMF Multi-User Exposure Surveillance and Inspection","authors":"Daniele Franci;Ivan Palamá;Stefano Mangione;Sara Adda;Mattia Vaccarono;Giuseppe Bianchi","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3695297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3695297","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance of electromagnetic field exposure in 5G networks is crucial for regulatory compliance but currently relies on intrusive and expensive active traffic injection. We propose a hardware-agnostic, automated, and non-invasive framework for exposure assessment in real-world deployments. By leveraging a blind Downlink Control Information (DCI) decoding mechanism, our method extracts scheduling information to isolate user-specific Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) resources. Experimental validation in frequency range (FR)1 and FR2 demonstrates that this approach enables a procedural mapping of radiated power while obviating the need for full carrier bandwidth saturation. By abstracting the acquisition hardware as an IQ sample provider, the pipeline is designed to operate across heterogeneous receivers, including low-cost Software-Defined Radios (SDRs). While absolute metrological accuracy remains dependent on specific device calibration, this methodology supports a streamlined, user-specific Maximum-Power Extrapolation (MPE) analysis workflow at the signal-processing level that is independent of network traffic conditions.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"3246-3258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11534942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Light First, RF Assist: Spatial Optimization for Minimum Energy Guarantees in Battery-Less IoT Network 光第一，射频辅助：无电池物联网网络中最小能量保证的空间优化

IF 6.9 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-14 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3693467

Khodr Hammoud;Hubregt J. Visser;Hazem Sallouha;Dominique Schreurs;Sofie Pollin

{"title":"Light First, RF Assist: Spatial Optimization for Minimum Energy Guarantees in Battery-Less IoT Network","authors":"Khodr Hammoud;Hubregt J. Visser;Hazem Sallouha;Dominique Schreurs;Sofie Pollin","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3693467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3693467","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of battery-less Internet of Things (IoT) deployments demands energy delivery strategies that minimise maintenance while ensuring reliable operation. This paper studies the placement optimisation of photovoltaic (PV)-equipped donor IoT nodes that harvest dedicated/ambient light power and redistribute surplus energy via radiofrequency (RF) transmissions, together with targeted ceiling-mounted RF transmitters. We formulate an illuminance-informed donor placement problem across heterogeneous light zones and extend it to a co-design framework that integrates dedicated RF support with donor placement. To address these problems, we develop a greedy illuminance-aware algorithm and a joint greedy–genetic algorithm for co-design, supported by a complexity analysis. Numerical results in a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m2 indoor simulation testbed demonstrate that the co-design approach reduces donor counts by up to 33% while maintaining the required energy thresholds. These results indicate that deployment-aware optimisation can effectively sustain dense IoT networks under practical illumination and RF constraints.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"4161-4173"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148925858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Deep Learning-Based Green and Highly Reliable Underwater Bionic Communication Method 一种基于深度学习的绿色高可靠水下仿生通信方法

IF 6.7 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3693088

Jiaming Jiang;Jingjing Wang;Wei Shi;Wenhui Luan;Meng Wang

{"title":"A Deep Learning-Based Green and Highly Reliable Underwater Bionic Communication Method","authors":"Jiaming Jiang;Jingjing Wang;Wei Shi;Wenhui Luan;Meng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3693088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3693088","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional underwater acoustic communication poses challenges to the stability of the marine ecological balance. This paper proposes a green, highly reliable underwater bionic communication method based on deep learning. By simulating marine mammal vocalizations as information carriers, it achieves environmentally sustainable and highly reliable underwater communication. First, we employ discrete wavelet multiresolution decomposition to analyze the structural features of vocalizations, extracting the fourth-level low-frequency component—which exhibits stronger fading resistance and robustness—as the communication carrier. Subsequently, a bionic generative adversarial network was designed. Comprising an encoder, decoder, and discriminator, this architecture achieves accurate information embedding and reliable decoding through collaborative modeling of multi-layer features in both time and frequency domains. During model training, the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm was incorporated to enhance the model’s adaptability across varying channel conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that at a signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB, the decoding error rates of all four bionic signals remain below <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.1times 10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> when operating at an information embedding rate of 20 bit/s. This confirms the proposed method’s capability to achieve highly reliable communication under low ecological disturbance.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"3102-3117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148171454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Analysis and Pilot Length Optimization for Multi-Dimensional Sensing in Uplink CF-ISAC Systems 上行CF-ISAC系统多维感知性能分析与导频长度优化

IF 6.7 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3670395

Jie Wang;Zhuoyan Tian;Jiamin Li;Pengcheng Zhu;Dongming Wang;Bin Sheng;Xiaohu You

{"title":"Performance Analysis and Pilot Length Optimization for Multi-Dimensional Sensing in Uplink CF-ISAC Systems","authors":"Jie Wang;Zhuoyan Tian;Jiamin Li;Pengcheng Zhu;Dongming Wang;Bin Sheng;Xiaohu You","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3670395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3670395","url":null,"abstract":"The fusion of multi-dimensional communication-sensing signals can significantly raise the theoretical upper limit of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC). Distributed terminals transmit uplink communication signals that provide richer multi-perspective observation information for sensing, effectively enhancing sensing dimensionality. This paper focuses on the uplink sensing process in cell-free ISAC (CF-ISAC) architecture, aiming to integrate pilot signals and data siganls from multiple terminals to achieve efficient spectrum utilization and robust uplink sensing capability. Theoretically, under imperfect decoding conditions, we derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for uplink sensing accuracy. Building on this foundation, we establish a Pareto boundary model that characterizes the trade-off between communication rate and sensing precision, highlighting the critical role of optimizing the proportion of pilot symbols to data symbols. To further enhance CF-ISAC performance, we propose a pilot optimization algorithm based on a deep Q-network (DQN), which dynamically adjusts pilot length to balance communication rate and sensing precision. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly enhances sensing accuracy by integrating pilot and data, while effectively balances the sensing performance and communication performance. Therefore, this uplink ISAC method can simultaneously support high-precision multi-dimensional sensing and reliable communication without additional resource overhead, offering an efficient and scalable solution for CF-ISAC systems.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"2477-2489"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147557621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scheduling-Aware Multi-Stage DRX With Dynamic DCP Signaling (SA-MSDDS) 具有动态DCP信令的调度感知多级DRX （SA-MSDDS）

IF 6.9 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2026.3704653

Haider Mehdi Haideri;Adnan Tariq;Krisma Asmoro;Soo Young Shin

{"title":"Scheduling-Aware Multi-Stage DRX With Dynamic DCP Signaling (SA-MSDDS)","authors":"Haider Mehdi Haideri;Adnan Tariq;Krisma Asmoro;Soo Young Shin","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2026.3704653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2026.3704653","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to achieve energy-efficient wireless communications, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) mechanism, to reduce power consumption in 5G New Radio (NR) user equipment (UE). The framework was further enhanced with Downlink Control Information for Power Saving (DCP), also known as a Wake-Up Signal (WUS), which allows the UE to remain dormant until explicitly notified of pending transmissions. However, several existing DRX-based approaches rely on simplified latency assumptions that are not fully aligned with standardized 5G QoS Identifier (5QI) specifications. As a result, packet loss considerations are often neglected and service-level differentiation is not adequately supported, limiting their applicability in practical multi-service network environments. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Scheduling-Aware Multi-Stage DRX with Dynamic DCP Signaling (SA-MSDDS) framework that accommodates multiple concurrent services with heterogeneous latency requirements defined by 3GPP standards. The proposed mechanism enables flexible power-saving operations by dynamically adapting DRX behavior according to scheduling priority (SP) and packet delay budget (PDB) while leveraging multiple DCP opportunities for efficient wake-up control. A discrete-time Markov model with constrained optimization is used to determine optimal DRX cycle configurations, while Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is employed to manage priority based scheduling decisions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SA-MSDDS framework significantly improves energy efficiency in realistic multi-service traffic environments, achieving approximately 40% improvement in UE sleep ratio and nearly 50% reduction in power consumption while maintaining tolerable packet loss and satisfying PDB constraints.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"3389-3406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148507461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low Complexity Detectors for Spectral and Energy Efficient GQSM-OTFS System 高能效GQSM-OTFS系统的低复杂度检测器

IF 6.9 2区计算机科学

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1109/TGCN.2025.3598277

Deepika Rajpoot;P. Maheswaran

{"title":"Low Complexity Detectors for Spectral and Energy Efficient GQSM-OTFS System","authors":"Deepika Rajpoot;P. Maheswaran","doi":"10.1109/TGCN.2025.3598277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2025.3598277","url":null,"abstract":"Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a novel modulation scheme that offers robustness against multipath fading and Doppler shifts. For future generation green communication systems, generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GQSM) is an enhancement of traditional quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) that reduces the number of transmit antennas for same spectral efficiency (SE) and improves the energy efficiency (EE) of wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a GQSM based OTFS (GQSM-OTFS) system to enhance SE, EE, and transmission reliability of wireless communication systems in high mobility scenarios. Further, we find the expression of the upper-bound and lower-bound on SE and validate it by the simulation results. Then, we propose low-complexity detectors, i.e., energy greedy detector (EGD), modified EGD (MEGD), and improved EGD with log-likelihood ratio (IEGD-LLR). The EGD provides lesser complexity than the minimum mean squared error based maximum likelihood (MMSE-ML) detector with minor degradation (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$leq 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>dB) of system performance. MEGD performs same as MMSE-ML detector with reduction in computational complexity. IEGD-LLR is proposed based on the LLR, which performs same as the MMSE-ML detector with significant reduction in computational complexity. Moreover, we discuss the discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel (DCMC) capacity of the GQSM-OTFS system. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GQSM-OTFS system outperforms the conventional spatial modulation (SM) based OTFS systems.","PeriodicalId":13052,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking","volume":"10 ","pages":"751-764"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148507782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0