Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of memantine's efficacy and safety in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Walaa Elnaiem,&nbsp;Amira Yasmine Benmelouka,&nbsp;Ali Mohamed Naguib Elgendy,&nbsp;Mahmoud Shaban Abdelgalil,&nbsp;Muhamad Zakaria Brimo Alsaman,&nbsp;Aly Mogheeth,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Ali,&nbsp;Shimaa Mohammad Yousof","doi":"10.1002/hup.2841","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2841","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved drugs that address only autism-related symptoms rather than the underlying impairments. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate  receptor antagonists have recently emerged as a promising treatment option for a variety of neurologic and developmental problems, including autism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To review (systematically), for the first time, the medical literature that explores the safety in and efficacy of memantine in autism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and procedures</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive electronic search for relevant randomized controlled trials was conducted in four databases. Using RevMan software, we extracted and pooled data as a risk ratio (RR) or normalized mean differences in an inverse variance strategy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis includes five trials. There was no difference in enhancing social responsiveness when compared to placebo, though memantine lowered the likelihood of anxiety (RR = 0.25; 95% Confidence interval: [0.07; 0.87], <i>p</i> = 0.03). However, memantine aggravated impulsive behaviors. Additionally, in another trial that compared memantine added to risperidone versus risperidone added to placebo, memantine was found to be effective and safe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Memantine showed safety in reducing acute symptoms of anxiety and other symptoms encountered in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorders. However, memantine does not improve the core symptoms of autism. Nevertheless, further long-term trials are needed to explore its potential efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40312870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of tiapride in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: A systematic review","authors":"Caroline Zangani,&nbsp;Barbara Giordano,&nbsp;Hans-Christian Stein,&nbsp;Stefano Bonora,&nbsp;Edoardo Giuseppe Ostinelli,&nbsp;Armando D'Agostino","doi":"10.1002/hup.2842","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tiapride is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat alcohol withdrawal, aggressiveness and agitation, headache, dyskinesias, tic and Tourette's disorder. More recently, it has been proposed for the treatment of delirium and agitation in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Although its safety profile makes it suitable for use in vulnerable populations, the use of tiapride for psychiatric disorders is limited. This work aims to systematically review the available evidence on the efficacy and tolerability of tiapride in individuals with a psychiatric disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, GreyLit, OpenGrey, and ProQuest up to March 2020 for randomised controlled trials focussing on the use of tiapride in the treatment of individuals with a psychiatric disorder (e.g., mood disorder, schizophrenia spectrum, substance use disorder). The Risk of Bias 2 was performed for the quality assessment of the included studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 579 records. Of them, six studies (published between 1982 and 2010) were included in the review. Four studies referred to alcohol withdrawal, and two to the management of agitation in elderly patients with dementia. None of the studies reported significant differences between tiapride and other active comparators in terms of efficacy and tolerability. The overall risk of bias was moderate to high.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tiapride may be considered as a relatively safe treatment option for selected patients with alcohol withdrawal or agitation in dementia. However, solid evidence of its efficacy in the scientific literature is lacking. High-quality trials remain necessary to fully sustain its use in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40310648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-MeO-DMT has not been found in traditional ayahuasca preparations and the combination of 5-MeO-DMT with MAOIs is dangerous","authors":"Rafael Lancelotta","doi":"10.1002/hup.2839","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2839","url":null,"abstract":"I was concerned to read the section about 5‐MeO‐DMT in the published article entitled “N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine” (James et al., 2022). In particular, the mention of 5‐MeO‐DMT as being part of ayahuasca brews. There is no significant chemical evidence of 5‐MeO‐DMT being present in ayahuasca admixture plants. One of the plants that is commonly cited as containing 5‐MeO‐DMT is chaliponga or Diplopterys cabernara, but recent chemical analyses have shown that it instead contains high concentrations of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and N‐methyltryptamine (Diplopterys Cabrerana ‐ DMT‐Nexus Wiki, n.d.). The misinformation that 5‐MeO‐DMT is present in ayahuasca brews is dangerous, because there is a toxic interaction between 5‐MeO‐DMT and harmala alkaloids, such as those found in the B. Caapi vine (Shen et al., 2010). James et al., 2022 cite a paper by Riga et al., 2014 which, in its title, names 5‐MeO‐DMT as a component of ayahuasca brews. Although Riga et al., 2014 makes this claim in the title and in the introductory sentence, the article is not about the analysis of ayahuasca but rather is a study about the effects of 5‐MeO‐DMT on cortical function. In the introduction of the paper, they provide some references which supposedly provide evidence of 5‐MeO‐DMT being a constituent in ayahuasca brews. However, none of the articles that they provide as references do so. In turn, the references that Riga et al., 2014 provide as primary sources for that assertion are the following: McKenna, D. J., Towers, G. H. N., & Abbott, F. (1984). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and β‐carboline constituents of Ayahuasca. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 10(2), 195–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378‐8741 (84)90003‐5 and McKenna, D. J. (2004). Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: Rationale and regulatory challenges. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 102(2), 111–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pharmthera.2004.03.002 McKenna et al., 1984 make no mention of 5‐MeO‐DMT as being a constituent of any of the brews they analyzed. The only possibly similar mention in that article is the statement “A single sample of Diplopterys cabrerana (Plowman 6040), the Malpighiaceous admixture, was available for analysis and this also contained DMT together with an extremely trace amount of 5‐hydroxy‐DMT” (McKenna et al., 1984). Note that they write “extremely trace amount”, and in addition notice that they are describing 5‐HO‐ DMT, which is also known as bufotenine, which is not 5‐MeO‐ DMT. McKenna, 2004 is an article about the regulatory challenges of studying ayahuasca for clinical applications. It does not describe 5‐MeO‐DMT as a constituent of ayahuasca brews. Riga et al., 2014 provide Schultes & Hofmann, 1991 as another reference for 5‐MeO‐DMT being found in ayahuasca brews, but that reference is a book entitled “The botany and chemistry of hallucinogens” that is a general overview of","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48930667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: 5-MeO-DMT has not been found in traditional ayahuasca preparations and the combination of 5-MeO-DMT with MAOIs is dangerous","authors":"Edward James,&nbsp;Joachim Keppler,&nbsp;Thomas L. Robertshaw,&nbsp;Ben Sessa","doi":"10.1002/hup.2840","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2840","url":null,"abstract":"‐ ‐ disrupts","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nx4 attenuated stress-induced activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—A post-hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial","authors":"Luisa Herrmann,&nbsp;Vanessa Kasties,&nbsp;Cindy Boden,&nbsp;Meng Li,&nbsp;Yan Fan,&nbsp;Johan Van der Meer,&nbsp;Johannes C. Vester,&nbsp;Bernd Seilheimer,&nbsp;Myron Schultz,&nbsp;Sarah Alizadeh,&nbsp;Martin Walter","doi":"10.1002/hup.2837","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2837","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stress-related symptoms are associated with significant health and economic burden. Several studies suggest Nx4 for the pharmacological management of the stress response and investigated the underlying neural processes. Here we hypothesized that Nx4 can directly affect the stress response in a predefined stress network, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is linked to various stress-related symptoms in patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 39 healthy males took a single dose of placebo or Nx4. Psychosocial stress was induced by the ScanSTRESS paradigm inside an MRI scanner, and stress network activation was analyzed in brain regions defined a priori.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the placebo data only, we could validate the activation of a distinct neural stress pattern by the ScanSTRESS paradigm. For Nx4, we provide evidence of an attenuating effect on this stress response. A statistically significant reduction in differential stress-induced activation in the right supracallosal ACC was observed for the rotation stress task of the ScanSTRESS paradigm. The results add to previously published results of Nx4 effects on emotion regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results strengthen the hypothesis that Nx4 modulates the stress response by reducing the activation in parts of the neural stress network, particularly in the ACC.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial registration:</b> NCT02602275; ClinicalTrials.gov</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hup.2837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39960209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estradiol treatment in young postmenopausal women with self-reported cognitive complaints: Effects on cholinergic-mediated cognitive performance","authors":"Alexander C. Conley,&nbsp;Kimberly M. Albert,&nbsp;Brenna C. McDonald,&nbsp;Andrew J. Saykin,&nbsp;Julie A. Dumas,&nbsp;Paul A. Newhouse","doi":"10.1002/hup.2838","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2838","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Older women are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to men. One proposed reason is that following menopause there is a decline in estrogens. Estrogens are important for cholinergic functioning and attenuate the impact of cholinergic antagonists on cognitive performance in postmenopausal women. Self-reported or subjective cognitive complaints in middle or older age may represent a harbinger of cognitive decline and those who endorse cognitive complaints appear more likely to develop future cognitive impairment. However, the response of individuals with cognitive complaints after menopause to estrogen and the relationship to cholinergic functioning has not been investigated. This study investigated the effect of estrogen treatment using 17β-estradiol on cognitive performance following anticholinergic blockade in postmenopausal women and the relationship of this interaction with the level of self-reported (subjective) postmenopausal cognitive complaints.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty postmenopausal women (aged 50–60 years) completed a 3-month treatment regimen of either 1 mg oral estradiol or placebo. Participants then completed four challenge days in which they completed cognitive and behavioral tasks after one of four cholinergic antagonist drug conditions (oral mecamylamine (MECA), intravenous scopolamine, combined MECA and scopolamine, or PLC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to PLC, the estradiol treated group performed worse on attention tasks under cholinergic challenge including the choice reaction time task and the critical flicker fusion task. In addition, participants who endorsed greater cognitive complaints showed reduced performance on the N-back working memory task, regardless of whether they received estradiol treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this study indicate that estradiol treatment was unable to mitigate anticholinergic blockade in postmenopausal women with subjective cognitive complaints, and worsened performance on attention tasks. Moreover, the present study suggests that greater levels of cognitive complaints following menopause may be associated with an underlying decline in cholinergic function that may manifest as an inability to compensate during working memory tasks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10712363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical predictors of depressive symptom remission and response after racemic ketamine and esketamine infusion in treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Ana Paula Jesus-Nunes,&nbsp;Gustavo C. Leal,&nbsp;Fernanda S. Correia-Melo,&nbsp;Flávia Vieira,&nbsp;Rodrigo P. Mello,&nbsp;Ana Teresa Caliman-Fontes,&nbsp;Mariana V. F. Echegaray,&nbsp;Roberta F. Marback,&nbsp;Lívia N. F. Guerreiro-Costa,&nbsp;Breno Souza-Marques,&nbsp;Cassio Santos-Lima,&nbsp;Lucca S. Souza,&nbsp;Igor D. Bandeira,&nbsp;Flavio Kapczinski,&nbsp;Acioly L. T. Lacerda,&nbsp;Lucas C. Quarantini","doi":"10.1002/hup.2836","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2836","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and most people do not achieve symptom remission. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is characterized by the failure of at least one adequate trial of a major class of antidepressant, with adequate time and dosage. We aimed to identify clinical predictors of depressive symptom remission and response 24 h and 7 days after racemic ketamine and esketamine infusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial using ketamine and esketamine in TRD. Individuals diagnosed with MDD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version IV and fulfilling TRD criteria were recruited from March 2017 to June 2018. Participants received a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) for 40 min. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and symptom remission was defined as a MADRS score ≤7 and response defined as ≥50% reduction in depressive symptom severity, 24 h and 7 days after the infusion. Clinical variables were selected based on previous clinical trials. Stepwise backward logistic regression was used, considering a confidence level of 95%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>61 subjects were included: 39 (63.9%) were females with a mean age of 47.2 ± 14.9. Higher number of therapeutic failures (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.677; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.97) and higher severity of illness (OR = 0.912; 95% CI: 0.83–0.99) were associated with fewer remissions of depressive symptoms 7 days after intervention, and with fewer response in 24 h (OR = 0.583; 95% CI: 0,40; 0,84 and OR = 0.909; 95% CI: 0,83; 0,99, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Number of treatment failures and severity of illness were predictors of fewer remissions and responses of depressive symptoms in this TRD population. Study of predictors of remission may contribute to better selection patients that may benefit from receiving ketamine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39631923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N,N-dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine","authors":"Edward James,&nbsp;Joachim Keppler,&nbsp;Thomas L Robertshaw,&nbsp;Ben Sessa","doi":"10.1002/hup.2835","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2835","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and specific psychoneuroendocrine immune system pathologies. The article assesses potential ayahuasca and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) integration with contemporary healthcare. The review also seeks to provide a summary of selected literature regarding the mechanisms of action of DMT and ayahuasca; and assess to what extent the state of research can explain reports of unusual phenomenology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A narrative review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compounds in ayahuasca have been found to bind to serotonergic receptors, glutaminergic receptors, sigma-1 receptors, trace amine-associated receptors, and modulate BDNF expression and the dopaminergic system. Subjective effects are associated with increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampal regions, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network, and stimulations of vision-related brain regions particularly in the visual association cortex. Both biological processes and field of consciousness models have been proposed to explain subjective effects of DMT and ayahuasca, however, the evidence supporting the proposed models is not sufficient to make confident conclusions. Ayahuasca plant medicine and DMT represent potentially novel treatment modalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Further research is required to clarify the mechanisms of action and develop treatments which can be made available to the general public. Integration between healthcare research institutions and reputable practitioners in the Amazon is recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/69/HUP-37-0.PMC9286861.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39639837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ayahuasca on the endocannabinoid system of healthy volunteers and in volunteers with social anxiety disorder: Results from two pilot, proof-of-concept, randomized, placebo-controlled trials","authors":"Rafael G. dos Santos,&nbsp;Juliana Mendes Rocha,&nbsp;Giordano Novak Rossi,&nbsp;Flávia L. Osório,&nbsp;Genís Ona,&nbsp;José Carlos Bouso,&nbsp;Gabriela de Oliveira Silveira,&nbsp;Mauricio Yonamine,&nbsp;Camila Marchioni,&nbsp;Eduardo José Crevelin,&nbsp;Maria Eugênia Queiroz,&nbsp;José Alexandre Crippa,&nbsp;Jaime E. C. Hallak","doi":"10.1002/hup.2834","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess endocannabinoid (anandamide, AEA; 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2-AG) plasma levels in healthy volunteers and in volunteers with social anxiety disorder (SAD) after a single oral dose of ayahuasca or placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Post hoc</i> analysis of endocannabinoid plasma levels (baseline, 90 and 240 min after drug intake) from two parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. In Study 1, 20 healthy volunteers ingested ayahuasca (average 1.58 mg/ml dimethyltryptamine (DMT)) or placebo, and in Study 2, 17 volunteers with SAD received ayahuasca (average 0.680 mg/ml DMT) or placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant difference was observed in AEA concentrations in Study 2 after ayahuasca intake (Χ²(2) = 6.5, <i>p</i> = 0.03, Friedman test), and near significant differences (increases) were observed between baseline and 90 (Z = 0, <i>p</i> = 0.06, Wilcoxon test) and 240 (Z = 10, <i>p</i> = 0.06) minutes after ayahuasca intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although our findings suggest that ayahuasca could modulate AEA levels in SAD patients, the high interindividual variability in both trials and the small samples preclude definitive conclusions. More research with larger samples is needed to better understand the effects of ayahuasca and other hallucinogens in the endocannabinoid system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39880415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with efficacy of the antidepressant drugs sertraline and mirtazapine in newly diagnosed patients with major depressive disorders","authors":"Syed Gulfishan,&nbsp;Sumita Halder,&nbsp;Rajarshi Kar,&nbsp;Shruti Srivastava,&nbsp;Rachna Gupta","doi":"10.1002/hup.2833","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hup.2833","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the association of serotonin receptor transporter gene polymorphism in patients with MDD with the clinical efficacy of mirtazapine (MZ) and sertraline (ST).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, 80 MDD patients (aged 18–45) diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria and with Beck's depression inventory score (BDI) score ≥21 were included and randomly divided into two groups of 40 participants and were administered MZ 15–45 mg/day or ST 25–200 mg/day respectively. Patients were followed up for 6 weeks for evaluation of BDI scores. Genotypic evaluation was done and three allele variants were identified based on the polymerase chain reaction fragment sizes: short (S; 486 bp), long (L; 529 bp), or extralong (XL; 612 or 654 bp) and classified into five genotypes: S/S,S/L, L/L, S/XL, and L/XL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that 32.5% patients belonged to the S/S genotype, suggesting that individuals with the SS genotype are at higher risk of developing MDD. No statistically significant association was seen with ST or MZ groups on the basis of genotypes. Clinically significant improvement was observed with a more than 50% reduction in BDI scores at 6 weeks of treatment with both drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identification of risk population can be carried out by genotype testing. Prior genotyping in MDD patients might help to predict a better clinical outcome with antidepressants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13030,"journal":{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39867888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}