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Captain Mayor and Sergeant Councilman? An Assessment of the Reach of Military Politicization in Brazilian Politics 市长上尉和议员中士？军事政治化在巴西政治中的影响评估
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241255652
K. Piazza, Jamie Landy
{"title":"Captain Mayor and Sergeant Councilman? An Assessment of the Reach of Military Politicization in Brazilian Politics","authors":"K. Piazza, Jamie Landy","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241255652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241255652","url":null,"abstract":"Civilian control of the armed forces and the absence of military politicization are fundamental democratic norms. In recent years, some democratically elected national leaders, including former Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, have subverted these norms. In this article, we, first, evaluate whether the increased national political involvement of the armed forces in Brazil extends to the realm of local politics and, second, discern whether conditions- and demand-based theories explain local-level trends. To do this, we descriptively assess candidacies from 21st-century Brazilian municipal elections and estimate a series of municipality- and multi-level regression models exclusively for the 2020 round. We learn that national politicization has coincided with a marked increase in the number of military candidates, conceptualized as those who use military titles in their electoral campaigns, in Brazilian mayoral and city councilor contests and that municipal support for Bolsonaro is positively associated with military candidates contesting local elections, in line with conditions-based theories, sounding the alarm bells of civil–military weakening.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"30 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk Factors for Homelessness Among Post-9/11 Era Veterans 9/11 事件后退伍军人无家可归的风险因素
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241259080
Stephen Metraux, Claire A. Kolaja, Baylee Crone, Thomas Byrne, Rudolph P. Rull, Ben Porter
{"title":"Risk Factors for Homelessness Among Post-9/11 Era Veterans","authors":"Stephen Metraux, Claire A. Kolaja, Baylee Crone, Thomas Byrne, Rudolph P. Rull, Ben Porter","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241259080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241259080","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the associations between a broad range of individual characteristics and homelessness among 49,323 post-9/11 era Veterans. Questions concerning the roles of premilitary, military and post military factors in Veteran’s vulnerability to homelessness have persisted despite the considerable attention given to Veteran homelessness, and has highlighted the absence of longitudinal studies that could contribute to the empirical understanding of risk and protective factors among this population. The Veterans in this study group completed Millennium Cohort Study surveys during their military service and subsequently, when they transitioned back to civilian life. Among these Veterans, 1,071 (2.2%) reported becoming homeless after separating from the military. Results from multivariate models provide limited empirical support for direct links between aspects of military service and homelessness that are widely used to explain why Veterans become homeless. Instead, many risk factors for homelessness found here mirror risk factors among the general population. We also find a persistent association between sexual orientation and risk for homelessness, and decreased risk for homelessness among female Veterans. These findings challenge popular conceptions of why Veterans become homeless and contribute to understanding the dynamics of becoming homeless among this current Veteran cohort.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"49 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Does Military Experience Affect Employment: Evidence From China 从军经历如何影响就业？来自中国的证据
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241260685
Dongni Li
{"title":"How Does Military Experience Affect Employment: Evidence From China","authors":"Dongni Li","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241260685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241260685","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of military experience on employment has long been a hot topic of academic discussion, and understanding how military experience affects employment is crucial to promoting the employment of veterans. Based on the 2010 to 2020 China Family Panel Studies data, the article investigates the effect of military experience on individual employment and its underlying mechanism, and overcomes the endogeneity via IV-Probit model. It is found that military experience significantly contributes to employment, specifically through improving the job opportunities in the public sector, increasing the likelihood of holding an administrative position, and enhancing one’s political capital, social capital, and human capital. The findings of this article provide insights into how to deal with the unemployment problem of ex-servicemen and help the relevant authorities to formulate targeted measures to safeguard the employment of veterans.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"63 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partners in Love/War: An Explorative Study of Ukrainian Soldiers’ Lived Experiences of Being in a Romantic Relationship in the Russo-Ukrainian War 爱/战争中的伙伴：对乌克兰士兵在俄乌战争中恋爱经历的探索性研究
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241260660
Marcel Mangold
{"title":"Partners in Love/War: An Explorative Study of Ukrainian Soldiers’ Lived Experiences of Being in a Romantic Relationship in the Russo-Ukrainian War","authors":"Marcel Mangold","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241260660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241260660","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the lived experiences of Ukrainian soldiers in a romantic relationship with another soldier in the same unit in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Contributing to scholarship on military couples, embodied experiences of war, human dimensions of warfare, and soldierly love, the study aims to understand how these soldiers are affected emotionally and as soldiers by having a relationship on the frontline. Drawing upon the Grounded Theory method, based on eight semi-structured interviews with soldiers from four couples, the findings visualize these experiences through four theoretical constructs. Having a relationship while serving on the frontline endowed these soldiers in Ukraine with an existential purpose that was protective and motivating, making them cautious and feel less dehumanized but also stressed from fear of loss. The findings have implications for how armed forces understand soldiers’ emotional needs and relations at war.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"51 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Science of Charles C. Moskos: From Institution to Occupation 查尔斯-C-莫斯科斯的科学：从机构到职业
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241262206
John Sibley Butler
{"title":"The Science of Charles C. Moskos: From Institution to Occupation","authors":"John Sibley Butler","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241262206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241262206","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary addresses Professor Charles C. Moskos, Jr.’s Institutional/Occupational Framework (I/O) for the study of organizational change within the military. The first section examines the integration of military organizations with other organizations, and the second section is my recollections when Moskos was formulating the thesis. The final section comments on my experiences under Professor Moskos as his PhD Student.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"59 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Problem in the Huntingtonian Universe: The Military Side of the Gap 亨廷顿宇宙中的一个问题：差距的军事方面
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241254354
Dragan Stanar
{"title":"A Problem in the Huntingtonian Universe: The Military Side of the Gap","authors":"Dragan Stanar","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241254354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241254354","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the military side of the civil–military value gap in societies with fully professionalized armed forces. The “Huntingtonian Universe” is a paradigm of civil–military relations in which isolation and alienation of armed forces are inevitable once the military becomes separated not just from politics but from the entire political realm by its full professionalization. It is argued that the emergence of a value gap, a sentiment of moral superiority, and contempt toward civilian society is less probable in societies which rely on mandatory military service, as conscription preserves the necessary link between the military and the political realm by keeping the military profession in constant contact with society via conscripts, that is, “temporary soldiers.” Article offers a potential solution for saving the “Huntingtonian Universe” and the concept of objective control of the military by asserting that the optimal way of solving the problem of civil–military value gap is reinstating conscription along with meaningful changes in military education.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Do People Attack Military Statues? A National Survey in New Zealand 人们为何攻击军事雕像？新西兰全国调查
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241247811
Nick Wilson, J. Horrocks, G. Thomson
{"title":"Why Do People Attack Military Statues? A National Survey in New Zealand","authors":"Nick Wilson, J. Horrocks, G. Thomson","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241247811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241247811","url":null,"abstract":"Military statues are being attacked and removed in multiple countries, but there is little analytic work on the associated reasons. Therefore, this research aimed to conduct a nationwide survey of outdoor military statues in a case study country (New Zealand) and identify reasons for attacks. Of the 118 statues identified, 11 (9%) of these had been physically attacked. A key risk factor for statue attack was it being linked to the colonial-era New Zealand Wars versus any other specific war (75% vs 8%, p = .003). This finding fitted with other evidence from attacks on statues of named New Zealanders (e.g. politicians) and on attacks of other types of monuments to these particular wars. It is also consistent with past and persisting injustices experienced by the Indigenous Māori population. In conclusion, some of the attacks on the military statues in this country appear to reflect social injustices and harm from colonialism.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Army spouses: Military families during the global war on terror 书评：军队配偶：全球反恐战争中的军人家庭
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241248360
Michelle A. Butler Samuels
{"title":"Book Review: Army spouses: Military families during the global war on terror","authors":"Michelle A. Butler Samuels","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241248360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241248360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society 70 Years Later: Alive and Kicking 70 年后的武装部队与社会问题大学间研讨会：生龙活虎
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241244621
David McCone, Wilbur Scott, Joseph Soeters
{"title":"The Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society 70 Years Later: Alive and Kicking","authors":"David McCone, Wilbur Scott, Joseph Soeters","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241244621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241244621","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an account of the founding, growth, and success of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces & Society (IUS), a long-established professional organization for those studying the military and war. How IUS has thrived invites explanation. Two theoretical themes guide our effort: first, the life cycles of organizations literature, and two, a complementary focus on the professional-career life cycles of IUS’s participants. To put together our account, we review articles about IUS’s early days and present oral history interview material from past and present leaders and members. We conclude with suggestions concerning IUS’s future directions.","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"95 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Art of Military Innovation 军事创新的艺术
Armed Forces & Society Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x241244739
Eyal Ben-Ari
{"title":"The Art of Military Innovation","authors":"Eyal Ben-Ari","doi":"10.1177/0095327x241244739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x241244739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130147,"journal":{"name":"Armed Forces & Society","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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