Hygiene and sanitation最新文献

{"title":"On the issue of assessing the blood lipid spectrum in working men of different ages","authors":"R. Rakhmanov, E. Bogomolova, Sergei A. Razgulin, D. Narutdinov, Stepan N. Antyuganov, E. A. Kalyuzhny","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-246-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-246-252","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Harmful working conditions contribute to the development of dyslipidemia \u0000Goal – assessment of the blood lipid spectrum in men of different age groups under conditions of occupational stress. \u0000Materials and methods. We analyzed the lipid spectrum of the blood in men aged up to 40 years (groups No. 1, 2 with different work experience, n=22 and n=20) and over 40 years of age (group No. 3, n=20). Assessed working conditions. Nutritional status, diet, physical activity, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption were determined. \u0000Result. Working conditions are harmful in terms of tension of 3.2 degrees. Physical activity is insufficient, 47.3% have three meals a day, 52.7% have two meals a day. In groups under 40 years of age with different years of experience, 68.2% and 63.2% are overweight; in people over 40 years old, 55.0% are overweight, class I obesity. at 20.0%. The proportion of smokers is 4.5%, 10.0% and 20.0%. With increasing age and experience, triglycerides increased (from 1.12±0.95 to 1.53±0.94 (p=0.022), total cholesterol (from 5.04±1.22 to 6.31±1.2, p=0.001), low-density lipoproteins (from 3.8±0.98 to 4.83± 1.11, p=0.01) mmol/l; proportions of people with hypertriglyceridemia (from 9.1 to 43.8%), hypercholesterolemia (from 40.9% to 93.7%), high LDL-C (from 47.6 to 93.75%); \u0000in subgroup No. 1, 19.0%, No. 2, 33.4% had HDL-C below normal. Lipid atherogenicity increased from 3.34±0.13 to 3.95±0.27 (p=0.031). \u0000Limitations. Men under 40 and over 40 years of age with varying years of experience working in hazardous work conditions. \u0000Conclusion. Hard work with poor nutrition and physical inactivity contributes to atherogenic changes in blood lipids. It is proposed to expand the list of studies to assess the atherogenicity of lipids in trained workers; in people with strenuous work, determine at an earlier age for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of resolving disputes about the compliance of the research object with regulatory requirements","authors":"Yurij A. Rahmanin, Oleg M. Rozental","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-223-226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-223-226","url":null,"abstract":"Conclusions on the fulfillment or violation of regulatory requirements ensuring the hygienic safety of the research object of the supervised object are carried out by state sanitary and epidemiological supervision bodies based on the results of laboratory studies of controlled indicators. These are, in particular, conclusions on the safety of drinking water sources for the population. The composition and properties of this water, on the instructions of sanitary and epidemiological supervision bodies and water supply institutions, can be examined equally by accredited laboratories that comply with the accreditation criteria in carrying out their activities. At the same time, unfortunately, it is impossible to guarantee the same results of laboratory testing of controlled microbiological, chemical, and other indicators, due to their variability and measurement errors. As a result, the conclusions about the quality and safety of water obtained by the supervisory authority and the supplier (user), primarily in cases concerning the boundary values of hygiene standards, may differ. For constructive resolution of controversial situations arising in this case, this paper proposes a method of tolerance control, the result of which is a logical judgment on the compliance or non-compliance of controlled quantities with established standards. It is shown how this reduces the risk of erroneous recognition of non-compliance of the composition or properties of water with hygienic requirements and guarantees safe water supply to the population. Authors suggested equations of admission control to assess compliance with the requirements of sanitary, epidemiological, and hygienic safety of controlled facilities. A method convenient for practical use is proposed, and using a specific example of monitoring the water quality of wells in the Talitsky district of the Sverdlovsk region, it is shown how it is possible to establish the water safety of almost half of the initially rejected water sources. The use of tolerance control is recommended if it is necessary to increase the reliability of hygienic conclusions on the safety of a wide range of supervised facilities, for which convenient mathematical expressions are given.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the biological effect of natural silicon when entering the body of experimental animals with drinking water. Part 1","authors":"N. A. Egorova, Yuriy A. Rakhmanin, Rufina I. Mikhailova, Ljudmila V. Khrypach, A.V. Alekseeva, I. N. Ryzhova, M. G. Kochetkova, T. D. Knyazeva","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-190-197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-190-197","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The biological effect of natural silicon (Si) and its hygienic regulation in drinking water still remain subjects of controversy in the scientific literature and in the practice of providing favourable conditions for water use by the population. In this regard, an assessment was made of the effect of natural silicon contained in drinking water in concentrations close to the maximum permissible concentration on the body of laboratory animals. \u0000Materials and methods. Drinking waters containing natural Si at MPC levels in water were studied, their effect was assessed in a three-month experiment on 80 white outbred male rats. Observations were made of the general condition, appearance of the animals, body weight dynamics, water consumption. \u0000The morphological composition of whole blood was studied. Biochemical indices of the condition of internal organs, including the liver, were determined \u0000in serum samples (the ALT and AST activity, the level of total protein and albumin), pancreas (α-amylase activity), kidneys (creatinine content), as well as lactate dehydrogenase activity as a nonspecific indicator of tissue damage. \u0000Results. In animals received 17±3.4 mg/L silicon with drinking water at a hardness of 2.25±0.47 mg-eq/L, a significant decrease in ALT activity was found on the 30th and 90th days of the experiment, AST – on 90th day, increase in the content of total protein and albumin in the serum on the 30th day of the experiment. Drinking water with silicon concentrations of 20.5±4.1 mg/L and hardness 3.55±0.76 mg-eq/L decreased ALT activity and serum creatinine concentration on the 30th day and increased amylase activity on the 90th day of the experiment. The animals had the highest water consumption and intake of silicon from drinking water over the first month of the experiment. \u0000Limitations. Limitations of the study are related to the short duration of observation and the small number of points for determining biochemical parameters over time. \u0000Conclusion. Consumption of drinking water containing natural silicon for 90 days led to changes in biochemical indices, largely indicating the positive effect of the element in concentrations of 17±3.4 mg/L and 20.5±4.1 mg/L on the body of laboratory animals.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"686 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Klebsiella pneumoniae as one of the criteria of microecological characterization of a water body","authors":"AS Kalyuzhin, Alexandra L. Bayrakova, Marina A. Morozova, N. I. Latyshevskaya, Tatyana A. Ruzhentsova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-234-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-234-241","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Representatives of the family Enterobacteriaceae are ubiquitous in the environment, causing severe, including opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised individuals. The occurrence of antibiotic-sensitive bacteria of the Klebsiella genus within the recreational zone of a water body is potent of posing an epidemiologic danger to the inhabitants of the settlement. \u0000Materials and Methods. Water samples from the surface aquifers of the Don and Temernik rivers of Rostov-on-Don served as the material for the study. The sensitivity of isolates of Kl. pneumoniae isolates to fourteen antibacterial preparations were investigated by disk-diffusion method in accordance with the requirements of MUK 4.2.1980-04 and EUCAST v. 13.0 (2023). 13.0 (2023). Carbapenemase genes VIM, IMP, NDM, KPC, OXA-48, NDM were determined using commercial diagnostic kits AmpliSense MDR MBL-FL, AmpliSense MDR KPC/OXA-48-FL, AmpliSense MDR Ab-OXA-FL. \u0000Results. In 2022, 247 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated in 14 biotopes of water bodies of Rostov-on-Don. Biotopes of epidemiological significance were identified with the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in 28 isolates isolated above and below the sewage discharge site (sampling point #1 and #5) and strains isolated from the mouth of the Temernik River (sampling point #14). Phenotype of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in point No. 1 possessed 22%, point No. 5 – 26.9%, point No. 14 – 26%; phenotype of extreme drug resistance (XDR) in point No. 1 possessed 11.1 %, point No. 5 – 15.3%, point No. 14 – 13%; phenotype of pan-drug-resistant (PDR) in point No. 1 did not possess, point No. 5 – 3.8%, point No. 14 – 4.3%. \u0000Limitations. A limitation of the study is related to the location of water sampling from the river. Don and R. Temernik on the territory of Rostov-on-Don, covering from March to November 2022. In this article, we limited ourselves to sanitary-bacteriological and molecular genetic analysis. \u0000Conclusion. The detection of PDR, XDR, and MDR antibiotic-resistant phenotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as the detection of resistance genes, indicates to an increased risk of water-associated acute intestinal infections, especially in immunosuppressed individuals.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"1976 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LED light sources with a sun-like emission spectrum for children’s institutions","authors":"Valery A. Kaptsov, V. N. Deinego","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-273-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-273-282","url":null,"abstract":"The article looks more like a scientific-theoretical than an experimental one, so it is proposed to remove the IMRAD structure, especially since it is given only in the summary, but not in the article itself. \u0000“In Russia, under the national project “Education”, a large-scale program for the construction of schools is underway. About 700 schools have already been built, and if in general for all programs, this is 900 schools..... Many schools have swimming pools, modern canteens...” noted the head of the relevant ministry at a meeting with the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin at the beginning of 2023. In total, about 750 billion rubles were allocated to finance the program for the construction of new schools. (it includes 454 billion from the federal budget). In total, it is planned to build 1,300 educational institutions, which will have more than 1 million places. In addition to the construction of new schools, the plan provides for the implementation of a program of capital repairs and technical renovation of existing general education institutions by the end of 2026: it will include 7,300 buildings. The pace of capital renovations has also accelerated in 2022–2023: three thousand buildings will be renovated, mainly in rural areas. By 2024, all 27 thousand rural schools, according to modern requirements, will be equipped with modern equipment. In modern schools, it is planned to equip computer classes with modern computing equipment, and energy saving plans provide for the widespread use of LED lighting. The reasons for the negative effects of the light spectrum of LED lighting and personal computer monitors on the health \u0000of children and adolescents, in particular the increase in myopia, have not yet been sufficiently studied. \u0000 Analytical, sociological, and statistical methods were used. \u0000The relationship between physiological and behavioural factors that may lead to decreased vision is described. The restructuring of the work of the visual analyzer, associated with the selection of information in accordance with the models proposed in the social environment has been suggested to contribute to the formation \u0000of myopia; with a decrease in one’s own search activity with increased myopia; with an increase in the functioning of internal information processing systems and \u0000a decrease in the systems of perception and implementation of actions. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited to the area of study of the subject of research, materials from the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases and our own experiments. \u0000Conclusion. The spectral composition of artificial light and its intensity give rise to the prerequisites for the development of myopia or another functional-structural response in the variety of ganglion, amacrine cells, and receptors in the visual analyzer of multicellular animals. The narrow and incomplete spectrum of light from domestic LED lamps cannot b","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Epstein–Barr virus occurrence at the present stage (literature review)","authors":"Elena N. Sizova, N. S. Fedorovskaya","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-242-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-3-242-245","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the foreign and domestic scientific papers to assess the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occurrence in the human population. \u0000A search of Russian and foreign publications in the PubMed and E-library databases was conducted. The high ecological and medical significance \u0000of EBV-infection is due to its global spread in the human population, lifelong persistence of EBV in the human body. Evidence has been collected EBV to be involved in the development of various somatic pathologies, such as rheumatic diseases and vasculitis, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular pathologies, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, T- and B-cell lymphomas in children and adults, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These diseases are the main causes of population disability and premature death not only in Russia, but also in the World. The deterioration of the ecological and epidemic situation for \u0000EBV-infection is associated with the other infectants spread that change the population immunological status. These include the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With the simultaneous persistence of these infectants, their synergistic or antagonistic effect on the human body occurs. In the modern World, the COVID-19 and the EBV-infection are simultaneously developing. It is difficult to say which infection is more significant in terms of medical, social. and economic losses of the human population. The EBV has been undeservedly given little attention. \u0000It is necessary to optimize preventive measures and epidemic surveillance for EBV-infection.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the epidemiological health risk of foundry contamination of small town soils","authors":"T. Trifonova, A. Martsev, O. Selivanov, Yuri N. Kurbatov, Alexey O. Rostunov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-172-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-172-181","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper presents the results of the assessment of the risk to public health and the level of soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic in a small town with a foundry. \u0000Materials and methods. The objects of the study are the morbidity of the population of the Melenkovsky district of the Vladimir region and the soil cover of the city of Melenki. The assessment of the probable risk of morbidity is based on the determination of epidemiological risk indicators, the obtained values of which were converted into values normalized by the marginal error of the background level (Δ). Soil samples were taken in the zone of industrial enterprises, highways, residential private sector, landscape, and recreational areas. The soil cover was examined by X-ray fluorescence method for the evaluationof the content of heavy metals and arsenic. \u0000Results. The study conducted to assess the probable risk allowed establishing in the Melenkovsky district, relative to the background regional values, children to have a very high risk for nine classes of diseases, adults to have a very high risk for 6 classes of diseases. There has been established the contamination of the soil of the city of Melenka with heavy metals and arsenic to be probably due to the specifics and duration of operation of the oldest enterprise in the city ‒ the foundry and mechanical plant. In the central part of the city, there have been identified local areas posing high health risks, which determines the need to manage permanent environmental and hygienic monitoring here. The greatest danger to public health is arsenic, whose concentrations in almost all sampling points exceed sanitary and hygienic standards. \u0000The limitations of the study are related to one-time sampling and a small number of reference sites, which limits the possibilities of a broader interpretation of the data obtained. \u0000Conclusion. It has been established that a city enterprise operating for a long time, due to soil contamination of the adjacent territory, can bear high risks to public health even during prolonged downtime or termination of its main activity. The chemical contamination of the soil in the territory adjacent to the foundry and mechanical plant, which is extremely dangerous in terms of the total indicator, requires special environmental measures to remove and further neutralize chemical elements. To reduce soil pollution in the city, there are required modernization of industrial enterprises and the creation of expanded sanitary protection zones around them.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurovegetative responses in medical staff of maternity institutions","authors":"E. P. Kotelevets, V. A. Kiryushin","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-136-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-136-140","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Factors of the labour process influence on the adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems in workers. \u0000Purpose of the study. The study of the possible relationship between the indicator of adaptation of regulatory systems of heart rate variability and the intensity of the labour process in doctors and nurses in obstetric institutions of the second and third levels. \u0000Materials and methods. The intensity of the labour process was determined by the method of timing. To calculate the adaptation index in the trend in the work shift, the hardware-software complex “Varicard 2.51” was used. Two hundred twenty eight doctors and nurses were examined. The studies were carried out on the basis of obstetric institutions of the second and third levels of the cities of the Central Federal District: Ryazan, Kolomna, Lipetsk, Smolensk. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard methods (p<0.05). \u0000Results. The studies were carried out on the basis of obstetric institutions of the second and third level in some cities of the Central Federal District: Ryazan, Kolomna, Lipetsk, Smolensk. The data obtained in the study of the peculiarities of the regulatory potential in medical workers of various occupational groups made it possible to get an idea of ​​the influence of the factors of the labour process on the adaptive resources, assessed by the indicators of the temporal analysis. The data obtained made it possible to identify a direct correlation between the intensity of the labour process and the developing neurovegetative responses of the organism, which were reflected in the adaptation index in ccupational groups of obstetrician-gynecologists, nurse anesthetists, and midwives of perinatal centers. \u0000Limitations. The studies were carried out in small groups taking into account the trend in the work shift, which opens up the prospect of studying the issue in the age aspect in large groups. \u0000Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to develop evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of occupationally conditioned overstrain of the organism’s adaptive systems.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"9 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lost years of life due to the mortality from diseases of the urinary system in the industrial region of Kazakhstan with air pollution","authors":"Shynar S. Bibitova, Zhuldyz Zh. Galiakparova, Mukhit A. Zhaksylyk, Irina V. Lopuha, Roza N. Oralova, Ainura K. Sandybayeva, Zhakhongir U. Khashimov, N. K. Dyussembaeva, D. K. Rybalkina, Yelena A. Drobchenko, Maxim A. Dyagilev, Valeria S. Kosach","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-120-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-120-129","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The relevance of the epidemiological problems of loss of years due to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract is due to the progressive gain in the number of patients in many regions and countries of the World. \u0000Purpose. Estimation of years of life lost due to the mortality from diseases of the urinary system (DUS) in the Pavlodar region, which is one of the industrial regions of Kazakhstan. \u0000Materials and methods. Medical-demographic (mortality rates) and medical-statistical (primary morbidity rates) data was obtained from the Department of Statistics of the Republican Center for Electronic Health Care of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RCEHC RK). The study period was eight years (from 2015 to 2022). The Years of Life Lost (YLL) indicator was calculated according to methodological recommendations. An assessment of the relationships between population health indicators for pathologies of the urinary system (US) with social factors (gross domestic product per capita – GDP), and environmental indicators (ecological and meteorological) as possible causes of adverse events in human health was carried out using correlation and time series analysis. \u0000Results. In the structure of years of life lost due to the mortality from US organs, chronic renal failure (CRF, 55.96–65.85%) led. In the regional center of Pavlodar, there was a peak in years lost in mortality from DUS over 2021 (3.3‰ YLLs), during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the average annual losses by age groups, in the Pavlodar region, the maximum losses were detected in the elderly (10.5‰ YLLs) and senile (15.8‰ YLLs) age. An excess of the maximum one-time concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air above the MPC level with the highest pollution level in 2018 was registered. Correlation analysis showed a high level of correlation between the loss of years of life because of the mortality due to US diseases with atmospheric air pollution in Ekibastuz (r  = 0.80), weak  – \u0000in Pavlodar region (r  = 0.28) and low – in Pavlodar (r = 0.13). \u0000Limitations. Of the environmental pollution factors, only atmospheric air pollution factors were studied, which does not reflect all the possible effects of environmental pollution on population health. In the group of reasons with code R, the conclusion “old age” prevailed, which may have led to an inaccurate analysis of the causes of death. \u0000Conclusion. Regional connections between the loss of years of life due to mortality due to US diseases with atmospheric air pollution and temperature in the winter season, as well as newly identified morbidity with atmospheric air pollution, have been identified.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"27 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of apoptosis at the molecular genetic level exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles in a chronic animal experiment","authors":"I.A. Bereza, D. Shaikhova, A. M. Amromina, Y. Ryabova, I. Minigalieva, Marina Р. Sutunkova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-152-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-2-152-157","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Workers of industrial enterprises and the population living nearby are at risk of lead poisoning. Lead exposure can lead to irreversible negative consequences for the body, including hepatic and renal dysfunction, hematopoietic damage, cognitive dysfunction, and impairment of the genetic apparatus of the human cell. In this regard, it is necessary to study characteristics of the toxic effect of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs) to determine their health effects and minimize related disorders and diseases. \u0000The purpose of the study was to determine the level of expression of the BAX, BCL-2, P53, GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2 genes in various organs of laboratory rats following the exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles. \u0000Materials and methods. Twenty mature female albino Wistar rats were used in a four month experiment with chronic inhalation exposure to PbO NPs, 10 animals per group (exposure and control). The mean concentration of PbO NPs in the inhaled air was 0.215 mg/m3. At the end of the exposure period, organ fragments from the decapitated animals were fixed in liquid nitrogen and subsequently stored in a freezer at –80 °C. Total RNA was isolated from tissues using the ExtractRNA reagent. The expression level was determined by quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR. \u0000Results. The BAX expression in the liver of rats exposed to PbO NPs for 4 months was by 2.2 times higher than in the control group (p=0.009). We observed a trend towards an increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in hepatocytes indicating apoptotic processes. The P53 expression level was by 1.4 times higher in the olfactory bulb of the exposed rats (p=0.025) when compared to the controls. No changes were found in the expression levels of antioxidant genes GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2. \u0000Limitations. The study was conducted using female Wistar rats with no potential sex differences taken into account. \u0000Conclusion. Chronic inhalation exposure to PbO NPs induces apoptosis in rat liver through the BAX/BCL-2 pathway and rat brain through the regulation of P53.","PeriodicalId":13009,"journal":{"name":"Hygiene and sanitation","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}