Human Sport Medicine最新文献

{"title":"INJURY RATE FACTORS IN EXTREME SPORTS ATHLETES WITH DIFFERENT MENTAL SELF-REGULATION TYPES","authors":"A. Lovyagina, E. Khvatskaya, D. Volkov","doi":"10.14529/HSM190116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190116","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the injury rate factors in athletes with different peculia­rities of mental self-regulation. Materials and methods. Male athletes aged 18–32 involved in cross-country motorcycle and bicycle races, snowboarding, and skateboarding participated in the study (n = 167). The following injury factors were taken into account: the number and severity of injuries, length of the recovery period, limitations on doing sport after recovery. The intensity of the following self-organization characteristics was assessed: determination, self-discipline, flexibility, perseverance, commitment to the current aim, and the general level of self-organization. The frequency of using the following mental self-regulation techniques during training and competitions was assessed: autosuggestion, self-persuasion, physical exercises, breathwork, auto-training, psycho-muscular training, motor imagery practice, visualization, and meditation. Results. Athletes with better-developed self-discipline and those practicing psycho-muscular training have fewer injuries while doing extreme sports. The injuries of athletes practicing psycho-muscular training are not so severe. Athletes with better determination and self-discipline recover faster after injuries. This can also be applied to those athletes who often use the techniques of autosuggestion, self-persuasion, psycho-muscular training, meditation, and visualization. Athletes with greater perseverance have fewer limitations on doing sport after recovery. This is also true for athletes practicing autosuggestion, self-persuasion, and meditation. No differences in the injury rate of cross-country motorcyclists, snow- and skateboarders were revealed. Conclusion. It is appropriate to treat the peculiarities of mental self-regulation as a factor affecting the injury rate of athletes practicing extreme sports.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82719566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATUS AND TEMPERATURE HOMEOSTASIS IN HIGHLY SKILLED FOOTBALL PLAYERS","authors":"N. Zakharieva, A. Alhakim","doi":"10.14529/hsm190119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190119","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of morphofunctional characteristics and temperature balance in highly skilled football players aged 17–21. Materials and methods. Within the framework of the study, the following methods have been used: questioning; anthropometry; dynamometry; spirometry; echocardiography; electrocardiography at rest and before physical activities; functional measurements and tests; assessment of the thermal status. 18 football players participated in the study (the team from the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism). Results. We revealed significant age-related differences in the integral indicator of the life index. At the first stage of maturity, we registered an increase of the life index, which indicates the improvement of the functional reserves of the respiratory system under regular physical loads connected with playing football. We studied the indicators of physical performance and aerobic capacities in the football players of different age groups. We revealed age-related differences in physical performance during a two-stage PWC170 test with a submaximal physical load of 70–80 % of VO2 max. We also revealed age-related differences in the indicators of external respiration in highly skilled football players. The assessment of the thermal status was conducted with temperature measurement in 5 areas: the forehead, chest, abdomen, thigh, and back (CorTemp® body temperature recorder). The most pronounced diffe­rences in temperature were registered in athletes with various results in the PWC170 test. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate an adaptive increase of average-weighted skin temperature during the first load and active involvement of such a mechanism of heat loss like sweat evaporation during the second load. Two types of temperature curves are distinguished in accordance with temperature changes: the inert type and plastic type. The plastic type is characterized by a decrease of average skin temperature below the temperature at rest after a pause before the second load. The inert type is characterized by a smooth increase in skin temperature during the first load. A further increase was two times lower than that of the first load.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86732019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF TAXIFOLIN BASED NANOEMULSIONS AS A PART OF SPORT NUTRITION PRODUCTS","authors":"I. Kalinina, I. Potoroko, A. Nenasheva, M. Velyamov, U. Bagale","doi":"10.14529/HSM190114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190114","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with the analysis of the effect of sport nutrition products enriched by taxifolin encapsulated into nanoemulsion on people involved in low-intensity sports for forecasting changes in homeostasis. Materials and methods. 3 groups of volunteers aged 25–35 (n = 30) and involved in sports on a regular basis (low-intensity training, 2 times per week) participated in a placebo-controlled study. The extract and nanoemulsion of taxifolin were used as antioxidants. To estimate the effect of enriched products on homeostasis, we performed a non-invasive study of hematological and biochemical indicators. Results. This paper demonstrates the results of the study of oil-water emulsions obtained with ultrasonic treatment for the encapsulation of biologically active substance – taxifolin – to improve and preserve its bioactive properties. We conducted an analysis of metabolism after the inclusion of taxifolin-enriched products in a diet. We established that the inclusion of taxifolin-enriched products does not result in worsening of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. Conclusion. The paper demonstrates the reason for the inclusion of products enriched with taxifolin encapsulated into nanoemulsion in the diet of people involved in low-intensity sports for minimizing the risk of oxidative stress and providing homeostasis regulation.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88825582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF PROGRAM AND FINITE LAWS OF MOTION IN ANALYTICAL MODELS OF CONTROL OF THE FINAL STATE OF BIOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS","authors":"V. Zagrevskiy, O. Zagrevskiy","doi":"10.14529/hsm190113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190113","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with developing a computer program to simulate the movement of the object with a given initial and final speed and fixed travel time. Materials and methods. The analysis, as a method of biomechanics, allows us to assess the biomechanical state of the athlete in real sports exercises. The function of motion synthesis is the ability to predict the trajectory and behavior of the biomechanical system at specified reference points of the phase structure of the simulated motion. The article deals with one of the methods of biomechanical synthesis of movements: synthesis of control of the final state of biomechanical systems, based on the reduction of finite control to a given program control after attenuation of the transient component of acceleration. The mathematical description of the object motion is based on the known law of finite control with feedback. Integration of the mathematical model constructed in the form of the differential equation of the second order was carried out by one of the numerical methods of integration: Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order of accuracy. Consideration of the method is based on a mathematical apparatus describing the motion of a material point, which can be represented by a common center of mass of a biomechanical system, a joint, a center of mass of a segment, etc. Results. The mathematical model of the motion of a material point with the given kinematic parameters of motion at the initial and final moments is implemented in a computer program in the Visual Basic 2010 language environment based on the integrated development environment Visual Studio Express 2013. The output provides numerical and visual support for simulation results. Conclusion. It is shown that the developed computer model of the method always implements the goal of motion: to transfer an object from a given initial state by speed to a given final state for a fixed time of movement.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87796662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUTRITION FOR CORRECTING METABOLISM DISORDERS OF THE JOINT-LIGAMENT SYSTEM IN PHYSICALLY ACTIVE PEOPLE","authors":"O. Tolmachyov, A. Vekovtsev, V. Vovchenko, A. Bykov, V. Poznyakovsky","doi":"10.14529/hsm190115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190115","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with developing and assessing the efficiency of a complex nutritional support program for the joint-ligament system in athletes and physically active people. Materials and methods. The clinical evidence of biologically active substance (BAS) efficiency and functional orientation was obtained from the representative group of people with knee-joint osteoarthrosis. The main group of participants received a BAS complex with synergistic properties in terms of metabolism correction during osteoarthrosis: BAS 1 – 2 pills, BAS 2 – 1 capsule (2 times per day, 12 weeks), and BAS 3 – 1 capsule (2 times per day, 8 weeks). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were also prescribed to participants from the main and control groups. We used the general and special methods for assessing the quality and functional properties of specialized products. Knee joints were studied by using the Lequesne index (scores) characterizing pain syndrome, maximal distance, and daily movement activity. The intensity of pain syndrome was assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS, in mm). Results. We provided a scientific justification for the qualitative and quantitative content of BAS recipes for complex nutritional support of the joint-ligament system: BAS 1 – chondroprotective orientation; BAS 2 – an optimal source of minerals and vitamins; BAS 3 – polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results obtained revealed that specialized products improve the movement activity of participants with osteoarthrosis and significantly decrease pain syndrome (36 %). Apart from a chondroprotective effect such nutrition provides an anti-inflammatory effect and allows decreasing the intake of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the absence of side effects. We revealed an insignificant number of disease recurrence – 6.7% (in the control group – 36.5 %) and established the mechanisms of such an influence. Conclusion. The application of biologically active complexes could serve as a reliable means of preventing and treating the diseases of the joint-ligament system, providing physical performance, and preserving health in athletes and physically active people.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77906774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL STATUS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS ON PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS IN YOUNG PEOPLE","authors":"I. Bogdanov, N. Rychkova","doi":"10.14529/hsm190111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190111","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with developing and testing a set of measures and methods influencing emotional status and personality traits for improving physical preparedness in young people. Materials and methods. We studied the results obtained during the performance of exercises from the all-Russian physical education program “Ready for labor and defense”. 500 persons aged 15–17 (307 males, 193 females) participated in the program. Before the program, we used a set of measures and methods influencing emotional status and personality traits. Results. The dynamic study revealed that the measures and methods developed for influencing emotional status and personality traits and aimed at establishing a positive attitude towards physical education lessons affect positively the indicators of speed, endurance, static and dynamic coordination, movement accuracy, etc. We registered that the program influenced positively the results obtained in the all-Russian physical education program “Ready for labor and defense”. Conclusion. The set of measures and methods proposed for creating better emotional status and actualizing significant personal traits proved its efficiency in improving motivation and developing interest and strive for success and achievements during PE lessons.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89861409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ORTHOSTATIC STABILITY OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND ITS REGULATION IN GIRLS WITH DIFFERENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS","authors":"A. Sabiryanov, E. Sabiryanova, A. Bragin, J. Petrova, S. Sashenkov","doi":"10.14529/HSM190107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/HSM190107","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with studying the orthostatic stability of cardiac chronotropic function, arterial pressure, and heart rate regulation in girls aged 11–13 with different physical acti­vity levels. Materials and methods. We formed two groups: the first group consisted of girls with a relatively low level of physical activity; the second group included girls involved in track-and-field (middle-distance running). The parameters of the circulatory system were registered in the supine position and during active orthostasis with the help of Kentavr II PC. The analysis  of slow wave heart rate variability was performed by using the Biospectrum program. Results. Regardless of physical activity levels in the girls of this age group, the transition to active orthostasis is accompanied by the hypertonic reaction of arterial pressure. In girls with a low phy­sical activity level, there is a pronounced lability of heart rate regulation with the predominance of neurovisceral effect at rest (high general PC variability, LF and HF power) with the mechanisms of orthostatic stability based on the decreased parasympathetic effects on the circulatory system. In girls involved in track-and-field, there is a predominance of the sympathetic nervous system (high LF) at rest with a higher humoral and metabolic effects on heart rate which provide the orthostatic stability of the circulatory system. Conclusion. Despite the absence of significant differences in the parameters of the circulatory system in girls aged 10–13 with different physical activity levels, we registered the peculiarities of heart rate regulation at rest and in orthostasis.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"2011 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86327443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FITNESS DANCE FOR DEVELOPING BASIC MOVEMENT QUALITIES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND IMPROVING THEIR PSYCHIC STATUS","authors":"I. Izarovskaia, L. Smirnova, E. Sumak, O. Izarovskaia","doi":"10.14529/hsm190112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190112","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with developing a set of fitness dance exercises to improve basic movement qualities and psychic status in preschool children. Materials and methods. We studied two equal groups of apparently healthy children aged 5-6. All children frequent preschool educational establishments and a BABY CLUB education center (2 times per week, 20 people).  We analysed the morphological and psychophysiological traits of pre-schoolers during their lessons. Results. This study demonstrates the results for the correction of individual psychological traits, interpersonal relationships, coordination abilities, endurance, and speed-strength qualities in preschool children by means of fitness dance. Additional lessons resulted in a significant increase of physical preparedness in children from the main group. We registered better results in children from the main group compared to the control group in the following tests: ball throwing, 3×10 shuttle run, hand grip test, 500 m and 30 m run. We established that a set of fitness dance exercises improved significantly the following parameters of children from the main group: body mass, body length, body mass/body weight index, behavioural deviations, self-esteem, anxiety index, general physical preparedness. Conclusion. This study proves that negative trends in children of a new generation tend to increase, in particular in preschool children. The existing programs and methods aimed at children’s health within educational establishments usually lack their comprehensiveness. Physical exercises in a dance form are usually better perceived and possess greater health-improving effect. The diagnostics of movement abilities and skills revealed that children possess limited movement arbitrariness, cramped muscles, limited emotional and inner freedom. These factors decrease health-improving effect and prevents the improvement  of psychological and physical health.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87255453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLASSIFICATION OF “KORESH” FIGHTING METHODS FOR STUDYING IN BEGINNERS AND CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THEIR PERFORMANCE","authors":"I. Konovalov, A. Nurmukhametov, Yuri V. Boltikov, O. Solomahin","doi":"10.14529/hsm190109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190109","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The article deals with classifying the methods of “Koresh” fighting and developing the criteria for assessing their performance for studying in the groups of beginners. Materials and methods. Two groups of 1st-year wrestlers participated in the study. To assess the performance of a back-arch throw to be acquired on this stage of preparation, we tested the technical preparedness of young wrestlers with the method of expert assessment. Results. During the study, we established the classification of “Koresh” fighting methods and revealed that there was a necessity to study a back-arch throw in two variants in the groups of young wrestlers. We deve­loped the criteria for assessing the back-arch throw performed by young wrestlers. Conclusions. As a result of the study, we developed the classification of “Koresh” fighting methods, which are necessary for studying in 1st-year wrestlers. To control the quality of fighting methods acquiring and to assess their performance, we developed the criteria, which allowed us to assess these methods stage-by-stage and in general.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90350474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE INTERACTION OF SPORTS TEAM MEMBERS BY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IDEAS","authors":"M. Koliada, T. Bugayova, E. Reviakina, S. Belykh, G. Kapranov","doi":"10.14529/hsm190110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/hsm190110","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The objective of the article is to explain both clearly and scientifically the theoretical and methodological foundations of decision-making based on the ideas of artificial intelligence. Materials and methods. We justified the necessity of taking into account the psychological factors connected with coach’s willingness to position players correctly and to achieve the best possible result in the conditions of the game’s unpredictability. The scientific application of the mechanisms for searching the effective interaction of sports team members was given with the help of a genetic algorithm. Results. We revealed the relevance of the issue of players positioning in terms of their better interaction for coaches and sports managers. Practical recommendations were given for a better understanding of decision-making based on the so-called ‘reserved algorithm’. The performance of Darwin’s algorithm in searching for optimal players positioning was demonstrated in details. The efficiency of such an algorithm was proved by making possible to find the best solution in a few steps. An example of the most popular software product for solving such problems in computer intelligent environments is given. Conclusion. We made a conclusion that by using intelligent systems it is possible to perform accurate and objective calculations in the management of sports team members. This also allows making both operational and final decisions regarding the interaction of own and opponent’s team members, which makes possible achieve high results. A coach or PE teacher can forecast precisely achievements in team sports. The application of genetic algorithm is a calculated guarantee of high achievements and the condition for improving quantitative methods in pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":13008,"journal":{"name":"Human Sport Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88674617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}