ACS Chemical Health & Safety最新文献

{"title":"Gender variability in machine learning based subcortical neuroimaging for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis","authors":"N. Islam, Ruqaiya Khanam","doi":"10.1108/aci-02-2024-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/aci-02-2024-0080","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study evaluates machine learning (ML) classifiers for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD) using subcortical brain region data from 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI database). We aim to identify top-performing algorithms and assess gender-related differences in accuracy.Design/methodology/approachMultiple ML algorithms will be compared for their ability to classify PD vs healthy controls using MRI scans of the brain structures like the putamen, thalamus, brainstem, accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus and pallidum. Analysis will include gender-specific performance comparisons.FindingsThe study reveals that ML classifier performance in diagnosing PD varies across subcortical brain regions and shows gender differences. The Extra Trees classifier performed best in men (86.36% accuracy in the putamen), while Naive Bayes performed best in women (69.23%, amygdala). Regions like the accumbens, hippocampus and caudate showed moderate accuracy (65–70%) in men and poor performance in women. The results point out a significant gender-based performance gap, highlighting the need for gender-specific models to improve diagnostic precision across complex brain structures.Originality/valueThis study highlights the significant impact of gender on machine learning diagnosis of PD using data from subcortical brain regions. Our novel focus on these regions uncovers their diagnostic potential, improves model accuracy and emphasizes the need for gender-specific approaches in medical AI. This work could ultimately lead to earlier PD detection and more personalized treatment.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"29 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell transplantation therapy for advanced liver damage -associated neurodegenerative disorders","authors":"Anjna Sharma, Ameya Sharma, Divya Dheer, Raghu Rai Sharma, V. Puri, Shabana Bibi, Amina Shamas, Sameeullah Memon, Rajat Goyal, Priyanka, Hitesh Chopra","doi":"10.1097/js9.0000000000002001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/js9.0000000000002001","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatic encephalopathy and other neurodegenerative disorders have profound implications for extensive liver impairment, calling for new ways of treating the condition. The application of stem cell transplantation to treat these severe disorders is a new and encouraging technique. This review article digs deep into the subject of stem cell transplantation therapy, neurodegenerative disorders associated with advanced liver damage, and liver transplantation. It comprehensively analyses the background, rationale, scope, and objectives of using stem cells to treat such challenging conditions. The topic of discussion includes the subtleties of neurodegenerative disorders, the function of liver transplantation, and the possible advantages and disadvantages associated with it. The relevance of patient selection, intraoperative concerns and post-transplant care is discussed. Further, the article explores how stem cell-based therapies can benefit from nanotechnology, specifically how it can improve stem cell distribution, survival, and integration for better therapeutic results. This review aims to offer a thorough analysis of regenerative medicine’s present and future possibilities in dealing with the intricate relationship between neurodegeneration and liver damage. It does this by examining the efficacy, safety, and long-term impacts of stem cell transplantation in treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with advanced liver damage. This will incorporate insights from ongoing clinical trials, the patent landscape, and future directions. The goal is to pave the way for innovative and personalized treatment approaches in this evolving research and clinical practice field. Therefore, these efforts represent a promising frontier in medical research that can alleviate the burden of HE and associated neurological complications combined with liver cirrhosis.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"41 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections in Chemical Safety and Research: Doing Science Against All Odds in the Philippines","authors":"Imee Su Martinez","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00049","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine yourself as an idealistic recent university graduate, who has been recruited by the Institute of Chemistry University of the Philippines-Diliman for tenure track with a relatively decent repatriation package. You start dreaming about starting your own laboratory and doing novel research work that has never been done before in your home country. You feel really good about yourself, thinking that you will be contributing to national development by mentoring the cream of the crop, leading researchers in advancing science and technology in the country. And then you start working in the laboratory. For the first part of your work, you need nitric acid, a regulated chemical. You realize that it takes a ton of paperwork to procure and at least a week to acquire. Your timeline is still doable, so you feel this is just a minor setback. Then the next phase requires equipment purchasing, and this is when reality hits you, because by then you realize that it takes years to actually procure this piece. Research in the Philippines in general, and particularly in the University of Philippines (UP), is quite challenging─to put it mildly. We do not worry about the science and the problem solving, nor about funding, which is a concern for every researcher around the globe. I wish that looking for the next meal ticket were our focus, because we researchers are trained to solve problems and write proposals to secure funding. But our problem is something else entirely. Ingrained regulations─or perhaps <i>restrictions</i> is the better word─appear, from funding utilization to procurement to safety. Many of these rules seem designed to impede researchers from performing their tasks efficiently. Is our lack of a research culture preventing us from striking the necessary balance between regulatory compliance and functional efficiency? Is our insufficient research experience compared to other countries cause for regulations or policies that may affect research? Is our interpretation of the law keeping us from moving forward at a pace that is on par with the rest of the world? Research and innovation are established key factors in attaining sustainable national development. Clearly, an enabling, nurturing environment conducive to work is essential. We all agree that research funding require due diligence, especially government-provided funds from citizens’ tax payments. We are painfully aware that as a developing country, we need to be very conscientious about how we use money for research. The laser, hood, safety shower, and vacuum line in my laboratory could have been housing and food for our fellow Filipinos. But how would our nation benefit if the science community could not use funds at all? How would our nation gain ground in research when young researchers are demoralized because of delayed salaries due to a regulation in transferring and receiving research funds. Are not the Commission on Audit Circular No. 94-013 and related regulations meant to expedite t","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"312 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture Mechanics of Magnetoelectroelastic Materials and Structures: State of the Art and Prospects","authors":"Wenjie Feng, Zhen Yan, Peng Ma, Chaofeng Lv, Chuanzeng Zhang","doi":"10.1115/1.4066020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) materials and structures have been extensively applied in MEE devices such as sensors and transducers, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and smart structures. In order to assess the strength and durability of such materials and structures, exhaustive theoretical and numerical investigations have been conducted over the past two decades. The main purpose of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review and a critical discussion on the research of the MEE fracture mechanics. Following an introduction, the basic theory of the fracture mechanics in the linear magnetoelectroelasticity is explained with special emphasis on the constitutive equations related to different fracture modes, magnetoelectrical (ME) crack-face boundary conditions and fracture parameters for 2D plane problems. Then, the state of the art of the research on the fracture mechanics of the MEE materials and structures is reviewed and summarized, including 2D anti-plane and in-plane as well as 3D analyses under both static and dynamic loadings. The ME effects on the fracture parameters are revealed and discussed. Moreover, numerical investigations based on the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), meshless methods and other novel methods are also reviewed for MEE fracture problems. Finally, some conclusions are drawn with several prospects to open questions and demanding future research topics. In particular, experimental observations are urgently needed to verify the validity of the theoretical predictions of the various fracture criteria. Another great challenge is to tackle the non-linear phenomena and domain switching in the fracture process zone.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"122 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for The Role of Negative Affect in Shaping Populist Support: Converging Field Evidence From Across the Globe","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/amp0001326.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001326.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Penetration of Engineered Nanoparticles under Practical Use of Protective Clothing Fabrics","authors":"Natalie Ireland, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Candace Su-Jung Tsai","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00021","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has rapidly increased as their unique properties are useful to improve many products. ENPs, however, can pose a major health risk to workers through exposure routes such as inhalation and dermal contact. Research is lacking on the protective nature of lab coats when challenged with ENPs. This study investigated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), and nano aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) penetration through four types of lab coat fabrics (cotton, polypropylene, polyester cotton, and Tyvek). Penetration efficiency was determined with direct reading instruments. The front and back of contaminated fabric swatches were further assessed with microscopy analysis to determine fabric structure with contaminated and penetrated particle morphology and level of fabric contamination. Fabric thickness, porosity, structure, surface chemistry, and ENP characteristics such as shape, morphology, and hydrophobicity were assessed to determine the mechanisms behind particle capture on the four common fabrics. CNTs penetrated all fabrics significantly less than the other ENPs. CNT average penetration across all fabrics was 1.83% compared to 15.74 and 11.65% for CB and Al₂O₃, respectively. This can be attributed to their fiber shape and larger agglomerates than those of other ENPs. Tyvek fabric was found to be the most protective against CB and Al₂O₃ penetration, with an average penetration of 0.06 and 0.11%, respectively, while polypropylene was the least protective with an average penetration of 40.36 and 15.77%, respectively. Tyvek was the most nonporous fabric with a porosity of 0.50, as well as the most hydrophobic fabric, explaining the low penetration across all three ENPs. Polypropylene is the most porous fabric with a porosity of 0.77, making it the least protective against ENPs. We conclude that porosity, fabric structure, and thickness are more important fabric characteristics to consider when discussing particle penetration through protective clothing fabrics than surface chemistry.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study in Assessing a Potential Severity Framework for Incidents from a Decadal Sample","authors":"Raul B. Lara, Juliana H. Halbach, Steve Nakasaki, Sam Y. Paik","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00026","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this case study is to determine the applicability and feasibility of a framework that leverages occupational incident details to prospectively identify “potential Serious Injury or Fatality” (pSIF) cases. This study comprehensively reviewed a random sample of 1,081 injury and illness cases across 21 generalized incident types spanning over a decade at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), a U.S. Department of Energy research and development facility with more than 9,000 employees. The review applied a general framework that classified each case on information suitability, potential severity, and future incident mitigation. The findings from the study indicate that 86.6% of the cases had sufficient information to make a high-confidence determination on potential severity, underscoring the feasibility of applying this general framework. Additionally, cases with a higher pSIF score had, on average, a higher level of institutional response. Implementing a simplified methodology for incident classification that emphasizes incidents that pose high potential severity, regardless of incident type, can help LLNL prioritize resources and tailor responses to such incidents using a graded approach. LLNL has recognized the value of this capability and is integrating the framework into their injury and illness process in the 2024 calendar year.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of Curriculum System for Chemical Safety Undergraduate Education under Emerging Engineering Education Requirements","authors":"Jianwen Zhang, Siyu Peng, Pengchao Wang, Feilong Zhang, Qianlin Wang, Zhan Dou","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00017","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of the latest engineering and technical disciplines, cross-disciplinary fusion is a new strategy to cultivate high-level composite talents in the chemical safety field. Regulating China’s severe safety production situation is crucial. As an essential source of talent, universities should promptly reconstruct the discipline system according to the new framework under the guiding spirit of Emerging Engineering Education. The innovation and application of intelligent technology have led to a technological revolution in chemistry fields. Therefore, universities should reasonably adjust and optimize the knowledge structure to address the social situations and the development needs of the industry for ensuring the safety of the entire chemical production process. This paper investigates the chemical industry safety production to innovatively present the fresh concept of “5 flows, 3 tactics, and 3 controls,” with “5 flows” as the core, “3 tactics” as the focus, and “3 controls” as the goal. This concept serves as a significant reference for the reformation of the safety curriculum system.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlights: Untargeted Forensic Drug Detection, Burn Pit Smoke Inhalation, and Problems in the Friction Sensitivity Literature","authors":"Lauren Goulding","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00052","url":null,"abstract":"This article references 3 other publications. This article has not yet been cited by other publications. This article references 3 other publications.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Connections Committee: How the Joint Safety Team of the University of Minnesota Innovates Promoting Vertical Safety Engagement","authors":"Vilma S. M. Brandao, Gretchen S. Burke, Zoe A. Maxwell, Steven K. Butler, Xin I. N. Dong, Jeffrey Paz Buenaflor, Mckenna G. Hanson, Taysir K. Bader, Celina M. Harris, Harrison Frisk, Brian Andersson, Brady L. Bresnahan","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00027","url":null,"abstract":"The Joint Safety Team (JST) of the University of Minnesota Twin Cities is a well-established researcher-led safety team that recently developed a new Community Connections Committee (CCC) to build on its history of collaboration with other student-led Lab Safety Teams (LSTs) around the country. The CCC aims to engage with the larger scientific community by connecting with high school science instructors, early stage researchers at primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), and local chemical industries. As part of its early work, the CCC developed a safety workshop for high school chemistry teachers to help them identify and address common safety issues. Participants are introduced to fundamental safety concepts and new tools to understand and address safety concerns through classroom lectures and hands-on laboratories, all aimed at improving safety in their classrooms. Through an ongoing exchange of experiences and resources with PUIs, the CCC helped undergraduate students and faculty create an independent and resourceful student safety team that has engaged students in safety accountability, fostered leadership, and influenced safety practices at the PUI. Finally, this work discusses the collaboration between the CCC and industry partners that focuses on informing University of Minnesota graduate students of the safety standards of the industry so that they can best prepare themselves to be desirable hires and therefore benefit industries. Overall, the CCC is a powerful tool to expand the JST’s positive impacts to the broader chemistry community, helping pass on the JST’s safety practices to PUIs and high schools while also learning of industrial safety standards.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}