ACS Chemical Health & Safety最新文献

{"title":"Potential Penetration of Engineered Nanoparticles under Practical Use of Protective Clothing Fabrics","authors":"Natalie Ireland, Yi-Hsuan Chen, Candace Su-Jung Tsai","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00021","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has rapidly increased as their unique properties are useful to improve many products. ENPs, however, can pose a major health risk to workers through exposure routes such as inhalation and dermal contact. Research is lacking on the protective nature of lab coats when challenged with ENPs. This study investigated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), and nano aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) penetration through four types of lab coat fabrics (cotton, polypropylene, polyester cotton, and Tyvek). Penetration efficiency was determined with direct reading instruments. The front and back of contaminated fabric swatches were further assessed with microscopy analysis to determine fabric structure with contaminated and penetrated particle morphology and level of fabric contamination. Fabric thickness, porosity, structure, surface chemistry, and ENP characteristics such as shape, morphology, and hydrophobicity were assessed to determine the mechanisms behind particle capture on the four common fabrics. CNTs penetrated all fabrics significantly less than the other ENPs. CNT average penetration across all fabrics was 1.83% compared to 15.74 and 11.65% for CB and Al₂O₃, respectively. This can be attributed to their fiber shape and larger agglomerates than those of other ENPs. Tyvek fabric was found to be the most protective against CB and Al₂O₃ penetration, with an average penetration of 0.06 and 0.11%, respectively, while polypropylene was the least protective with an average penetration of 40.36 and 15.77%, respectively. Tyvek was the most nonporous fabric with a porosity of 0.50, as well as the most hydrophobic fabric, explaining the low penetration across all three ENPs. Polypropylene is the most porous fabric with a porosity of 0.77, making it the least protective against ENPs. We conclude that porosity, fabric structure, and thickness are more important fabric characteristics to consider when discussing particle penetration through protective clothing fabrics than surface chemistry.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study in Assessing a Potential Severity Framework for Incidents from a Decadal Sample","authors":"Raul B. Lara, Juliana H. Halbach, Steve Nakasaki, Sam Y. Paik","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00026","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this case study is to determine the applicability and feasibility of a framework that leverages occupational incident details to prospectively identify “potential Serious Injury or Fatality” (pSIF) cases. This study comprehensively reviewed a random sample of 1,081 injury and illness cases across 21 generalized incident types spanning over a decade at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), a U.S. Department of Energy research and development facility with more than 9,000 employees. The review applied a general framework that classified each case on information suitability, potential severity, and future incident mitigation. The findings from the study indicate that 86.6% of the cases had sufficient information to make a high-confidence determination on potential severity, underscoring the feasibility of applying this general framework. Additionally, cases with a higher pSIF score had, on average, a higher level of institutional response. Implementing a simplified methodology for incident classification that emphasizes incidents that pose high potential severity, regardless of incident type, can help LLNL prioritize resources and tailor responses to such incidents using a graded approach. LLNL has recognized the value of this capability and is integrating the framework into their injury and illness process in the 2024 calendar year.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of Curriculum System for Chemical Safety Undergraduate Education under Emerging Engineering Education Requirements","authors":"Jianwen Zhang, Siyu Peng, Pengchao Wang, Feilong Zhang, Qianlin Wang, Zhan Dou","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00017","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of the latest engineering and technical disciplines, cross-disciplinary fusion is a new strategy to cultivate high-level composite talents in the chemical safety field. Regulating China’s severe safety production situation is crucial. As an essential source of talent, universities should promptly reconstruct the discipline system according to the new framework under the guiding spirit of Emerging Engineering Education. The innovation and application of intelligent technology have led to a technological revolution in chemistry fields. Therefore, universities should reasonably adjust and optimize the knowledge structure to address the social situations and the development needs of the industry for ensuring the safety of the entire chemical production process. This paper investigates the chemical industry safety production to innovatively present the fresh concept of “5 flows, 3 tactics, and 3 controls,” with “5 flows” as the core, “3 tactics” as the focus, and “3 controls” as the goal. This concept serves as a significant reference for the reformation of the safety curriculum system.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141571076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spotlights: Untargeted Forensic Drug Detection, Burn Pit Smoke Inhalation, and Problems in the Friction Sensitivity Literature","authors":"Lauren Goulding","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00052","url":null,"abstract":"This article references 3 other publications. This article has not yet been cited by other publications. This article references 3 other publications.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Connections Committee: How the Joint Safety Team of the University of Minnesota Innovates Promoting Vertical Safety Engagement","authors":"Vilma S. M. Brandao, Gretchen S. Burke, Zoe A. Maxwell, Steven K. Butler, Xin I. N. Dong, Jeffrey Paz Buenaflor, Mckenna G. Hanson, Taysir K. Bader, Celina M. Harris, Harrison Frisk, Brian Andersson, Brady L. Bresnahan","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00027","url":null,"abstract":"The Joint Safety Team (JST) of the University of Minnesota Twin Cities is a well-established researcher-led safety team that recently developed a new Community Connections Committee (CCC) to build on its history of collaboration with other student-led Lab Safety Teams (LSTs) around the country. The CCC aims to engage with the larger scientific community by connecting with high school science instructors, early stage researchers at primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs), and local chemical industries. As part of its early work, the CCC developed a safety workshop for high school chemistry teachers to help them identify and address common safety issues. Participants are introduced to fundamental safety concepts and new tools to understand and address safety concerns through classroom lectures and hands-on laboratories, all aimed at improving safety in their classrooms. Through an ongoing exchange of experiences and resources with PUIs, the CCC helped undergraduate students and faculty create an independent and resourceful student safety team that has engaged students in safety accountability, fostered leadership, and influenced safety practices at the PUI. Finally, this work discusses the collaboration between the CCC and industry partners that focuses on informing University of Minnesota graduate students of the safety standards of the industry so that they can best prepare themselves to be desirable hires and therefore benefit industries. Overall, the CCC is a powerful tool to expand the JST’s positive impacts to the broader chemistry community, helping pass on the JST’s safety practices to PUIs and high schools while also learning of industrial safety standards.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gist of the List","authors":"Lauren Goulding","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00053","url":null,"abstract":"The EPA held a webinar on DCM rule changes on June 6, 2024. Slides for the webinar are available here: https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca/register-epas-webinar-final-methylene-chloride-risk-management-rule. MIT maintains a central database of green chemistry solvent substitutions and resources to help with solvent selection: https://ehs.mit.edu/green-chemistry/. This article references 4 other publications. This article has not yet been cited by other publications. This article references 4 other publications.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chemical Exposure Multiverse: A Call for Papers that Provide Accurate Toxicity and Exposure Data in the Laboratory and Beyond","authors":"Pamela Pollet, Jeremy Breuzard","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00055","url":null,"abstract":"Published as part of <i>ACS Chemical Health &amp; Safety</i> virtual special issue “The Chemical Exposure Multiverse”. <i>ACS Chemical Health</i><i>&amp; Safety</i> (<i>ACS CHAS</i>) is calling for papers for a Virtual Special Issue (VSI) that represents different types of chemical exposures that workers, researchers, and the public may encounter. As previous publications in <i>ACS CHAS</i> have shown, (1−8) the prevention, mitigation, management, and response of occupational chemical exposures (chronic and acute) is multifaceted. For example, maker spaces, palm oil mills, laboratories, medical facilities, and art restoration must all quantify and control chemical exposures albeit in different ways. This VSI will showcase high-impact contributions in the field by collating perspectives and research from all the relevant disciplines such as toxicology, industrial and chemical hygiene, chemistry, engineering, epidemiology, health, education, public health, and public policy. Societies across the world are dependent upon synthetic chemicals to support modern living standards. More than ever, it is necessary to maximize the benefits of chemical usage while simultaneously minimizing the inherent risks associated with the transfer of chemicals from the controlled industrial environment to diverse settings, where they are repeatedly encountered by a workforce less able to recognize and mitigate hazards. The United Nations recognized these challenges in its 2022 sustainable development goals (SDGs), (9) which among others include the (i) assurance of good health and well-being (3), (ii) reduction of inequalities (10), (iii) decent work and economic growth (8), (iv) innovation in industry and infrastructure (9), and (v) responsible consumption and production (12). It is therefore imperative to support the U.N. SDGs by collecting, validating, and analyzing data on chemical exposure in diverse occupational environments and, ultimately, to provide reliable scientific reports and tools to inform effective decision-making and risk management. There have been tremendous progress and development to establish accurate toxicities and exposure limits as well as countless efforts to support productivity while protecting human health. This issue aims at capturing, highlighting and disseminating the current research, new developments and studies as well as challenges, creative solutions, best practices, and accounts from the “trenches”. The intentional multidisciplinary perspective adopted here is essential for a scientifically valid understanding of potential risks and their mitigation (Figure 1). As a consequence, we invite contributions of all manuscript types that address topics within <i>ACS CHAS</i> scope, including (but not limited to): Occupational and environmental exposures Toxicology and toxicological studies Epidemiology Chemical safety education Public health and public safety accounts Chemical hygiene Chemical safety and safety culture management Modelin","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle Usage in Leather Processing: Worker Safety and Health","authors":"Claudia Cirillo, Mariagrazia Iuliano, Davide Scarpa, Luca Gallucci, Claudia Florio, Gaetano Maffei, Andrea Loi, Maria Sarno","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00006","url":null,"abstract":"The focus on the leather market has recently been on the rise due to the global increase in demand for leather products, driven by rising disposable income levels and improving standards of living among the expanding middle-class population. To enhance the performance of the final leather product, we have employed nanoparticles (NPs) across various stages of leather manufacturing. Specifically, in the finishing process─the ultimate stage of leather production─numerous studies have underscored the significance of Ag, TiO₂, and SiO₂ NPs in significantly enhancing various characteristics of leather. On the other hand, the rapid growth in the application of NPs to leather finishing, and more in general in the leather industry, has occurred concomitantly with increased attention toward potential risks associated with their usage in biological systems and ecosystems. Given these considerations, the objective of this critical review is to provide a detailed and thorough analysis of the factors influencing the toxicity and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles commonly adopted in the leather finishing stage, with particular emphasis on Ag, TiO_2, and SiO₂ NPs, along with their effects on the safety and health of workers. Moreover, the following study aims to identify necessary precautions and safety measures that the leather industry should implement when handling nanoparticles during the finishing stage.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Student Laboratory Safety Officer Programs to Strengthen Academic Safety Culture","authors":"Caroline M. Donaghy, Adelina Oronova, Aishanee Sur, Daniel D. Hu, Emily E. A. Robinson, E. Rachel Wiley, Noah J. Gibson, Sarah Mutchek, Brady L. Bresnahan, Hossain Shadman, Abbigayle E. Cuomo, Christy Lynn Dyer, Mariya Aleksich, Monica Nyansa","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.3c00103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.3c00103","url":null,"abstract":"A student Laboratory Safety Officer (LSO) program formalizes a position often found within academic institutions. Through clearly defined responsibilities and effective communication between an LSO and their principal investigators, environmental health and safety office, and department administrators, this program can be effectively used to establish a baseline for safety standards. This article outlines pathways for an institution to establish or strengthen a student LSO program. The strength within this program goes beyond defined responsibilities, where the program’s initiatives can deepen a department-wide community while improving access to resources and advancing leadership skills. The common hurdles faced by these programs are discussed at length for new and existing programs to gain insights into how to address those obstacles while also elucidating the pathways to empower the program. Faculty and student buy-in is fundamental for the success of this program, which often is best addressed by giving visibility to the program itself and its outstanding participants. This article gives an overview of laboratory safety teams (LSTs), a separate graduate student-led laboratory safety initiative, and how an LST can be used to support and even serve as an LSO program. The implementation of a student LSO program has the potential to foster a greater sense of community and safety culture within a department, while giving students the opportunity to enhance their leadership and laboratory skills.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne Hexavalent Chromium and Particulate Matter Emissions during the Laser Cutting of Leathers","authors":"Xinyi Niu, Peyton Hall, Jun Wang, Steven Lange","doi":"10.1021/acs.chas.4c00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.4c00010","url":null,"abstract":"Workers may be at risk of exposure to airborne contaminants, including hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and particles of diverse shapes and sizes during the laser cutting of leathers because of the extensive chemicals employed in leather tanning processes. Desktop carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser engraving machines have gained popularity in various industries; however, airborne contaminant exposure in the laser cutting process of leathers remains unclear. This study investigated Cr(VI) and particle emissions during laser cutting/engraving of leather treated with various tanning methods. Six tanning methods (chrome 1-, chrome 2-, vegetable 1-, vegetable 2-, oil-, and alum-tanned) were studied at three laser power settings (15, 45, and 75%). A personal air sampler coupled with a sampling cassette and ISO 17075–2 evaluation were used to sample and analyze airborne Cr(VI) concentrations, respectively. Two real-time aerosol monitors were utilized to assess particulate concentrations and size distributions from 10 nm to 10 μm. High concentrations of Cr(VI) were detected in chrome-tanned leathers when the ventilation system was off, indicating the critical role of ventilation. The particle number concentrations were statistically significantly affected by various leather tanning methods and laser powers. Chrome 1-tanned leather exhibited the highest concentration of nanoparticles (&lt;420 nm) at low (14,733 #/cm³) and medium (20,725 #/cm³) laser powers, while veg 2-tanned leather produced the highest micrometer-sized particle (&gt;0.3 μm) concentration, over 1,600 #/cm³ at all laser powers. The medium laser power exhibited higher nanoparticles than other powers when laser cutting most tanned leathers. The higher power resulted in the generation of smaller-sized particles for chrome-, oil-, and alum-tanned leathers. These findings underscore the importance of adequate ventilation and controlled laser power settings in minimizing health risks during the leather laser cutting processes.","PeriodicalId":12,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Health & Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.73,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}