Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies最新文献

{"title":"Follow target mode on modern ships equipped with dynamic positioning (DP) system","authors":"Namig Nizami Guliev","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-45-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-45-49","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the results of studying the follow target mode on board the ships equipped with dynamic positioning (DP) systems. There is analyzed the position of a ship in a follow target mode when the DP mode is on, as well as the ability of a ship following a target to hold the position and course under given environmental conditions. Ships equipped with the DP system have strict requirements regarding the parameters of the follow target mode. There are listed the advantages for specific operations: technical servicing the oil and gas fields, examining the pipelines, hydrographic surveys, etc. Functionality of the hydroacoustic reference system, which is the main component of the ship follow target system, is studied. It has been stated that the follow target mode allows the ship to follow the target automatically. In most cases, the target is an unmanned remotely operated vehicle (ROV). ROV is a robot performing specific tasks under water controlled from the ship. ROV support vessels specialize on such operations. The ROV equipment and capabilities depend on the complexity of the task. The simplest tasks are inspection of the pipeline, platform supports, watching divers, visual inspection of an object lowered to the bottom, etc., when ROV is equipped with cameras, searchlights and, occasionally, sonars. To carry out the construction work or maintain the underwater facilities there are needed the servicing ROVs equipped with tools for specific purposes. There has been illustrated a model chart of the ship motion and dislocation of the ROV working area. Connection between ROV and the ship by means of a fiber optic cable is considered in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of this connection are listed. Conclusions are drawn about the widespread use of DP systems on modern ships, in particular those operating in the oil and gas industry, as well as in other areas of marine operations.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133966246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining characteristics of reagent storage and generation systems for marine submersible with electrochemical generator","authors":"Konstanin Viktorovich Dolgiy, A. N. Dyadik, Nikolay Pavlovich Malyh","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-15-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-15-22","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomy of the marine submersibles is specified by the type of energy, fuel and oxidizers they use. As a rule, marine underwater objects of small displacement with a short underwater mission time are equipped with lithium-ion batteries. A number of the submersible power plants have air-independent energy, which allows using an electrochemical generator (ECG) as energy source fueled by hydrogen and applying oxygen as oxidizer. Each method of storing reagents as part of an ECG power plant has been assessed promising. Using an ECG power plant is determined by the possibility of placing on a marine underwater object the amounts of hydrogen and oxygen necessary to perform a specific underwater mission. There have been considered the issues of placing the reagents (hydrogen and oxygen) necessary for ECG functioning as part of an air-independent power plant of a marine submersible. There are given the dependencies to determine necessary reagent amounts on the submersible to perform an underwater mission. Cryogenic oxygen storage has been proved the most acceptable option for large-displacement marine underwater objects. Numerical values of the hydrogen and oxygen mass are obtained for the hypothetical ECG capacity. The possibilities of placing a balloon hydrogen storage system as the most acceptable for placement on small non-nuclear submarines and autonomous unmanned submersible apparatus are considered. Types of hydrogen tanks capable to operate in a wide range of environmental parameters at internal hydrogen pressure over 40 MPa are given. Available arrangement of tanks with hydrogen and oxygen outside the hull of an autonomous unmanned submersible is presented and the main dependencies for calculating the capacity of a balloon storage system of reagents subject to the gas properties are given.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of deformed ship crankshafts by straightening","authors":"Vitaliy Valer'evich Vyazankin, V. Mamontov","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-50-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-50-55","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on studying the crankshaft as an essential part of the marine internal combustion engine. Typical defects of crankshafts of marine diesel engines are considered. The loads causing the curvature of a crankshaft axis under operating conditions are indicated. The causes and nature of violation of the shaft axis geometry are determined. The statistical assessment in the cases of axle warping during diesel operation is found necessary. The recommendations of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping on eliminating the curvature of the shaft axis are considered. A long-term practical experience of straightening crankshafts at the ship repair plants is taken into account. Methods for eliminating shaft deflections under repair conditions are described. Methods of mechanical straightening without heating are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of mechanical methods of shaft straightening are clarified. The conditions and necessary requirements for thermomechanical shafts straightening are described. The conditions for applying the thermal method of straightening ship shafts are substantiated. High labor intensity and instability of a shaft shape after straightening are pointed out. There has been proposed method of straightening crankshafts of marine internal combustion engines by stress relaxation based on the creep of the shaft material. Theoretical foundations of the processes of creep and stress relaxation in the shaft material are considered. There has been inferred a necessity of further research of operational reliability of crankshafts of marine internal combustion engines after their restoration by the stress relaxation method.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122777724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving methods of studying graphic disciplines for students of technical specialties and directions","authors":"I. Kozlova, T. Guseva, K. Khmelnitsky","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-80-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-80-92","url":null,"abstract":"In modern development of digital technologies education faces a difficult task: translation of previously accumulated knowledge and meeting the demands of the digital future in the XXI century. Digital transformation of education involves changing the ways and methods of teaching, as well as changing the subjects of education - the teacher and the student. A convenient tool of influence between a student and a teacher is a modular virtual educational platform (for example, Moodle), which allows studying the theoretical material, conducting practical classes and examinations. Combination of various technological techniques confirms the availability of their implementing for improving the quality of education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards, allows improving the quality of education in the context of a dynamically developing society. Certain approaches to the graphic training of students have been stated. Modeling the geometric shapes on the screen, in contrast to the traditional approach, develops the intellectual, cognitive and creative abilities of students, in most cases having insufficient graphic training. Working with graphics packages is impossible without the knowledge that is acquired in practical classes of Engineering Graphics. Actually, at the university engineering training is aimed at developing the skills of creating an information model of an object and forming project documentation based on it. Introducing the innovative methods and forms of education creates a new strategy of vocational training in a technical university. When studying the sections of mechanical engineering drawing, computer visibility allows to see the technical forms of the details, gives an idea of the manufacturing technology, control and assembly of products, which will help the student to correctly perform cuts, sections of parts, correctly apply the dimensions on the drawings. There have been illustrated the examples of using engineering graphics in the technological processes of manufacturing the soundproof hood “KAPONISTR” for outboard boat motors. It has been inferred that the computer visual aids are important in training the engineers by using active teaching methods.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124567196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling river section in 3-D problem formulation for adjusting parameters of projected channel quarries","authors":"Vera Ageeva, Ekaterina Andreevna Lyukina, D. Miltsin, A. Khanova","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-72-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-72-79","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction of alluvial sand and gravel materials is a large industry. It has been widely developed in many regions of Russia, which has an increasing impact on the riverbed processes in the form of changes in the morphological structure of riverbeds and floodplains under the influence of changing flow hydraulics. Changes in the hydrological regime and morphology of the riverbed can bring negative effects and progress over time, as well as at a considerable distance from the mining sites, as can be seen from the examples, which indicates the need for their comprehensive study. Leading higher educational institutions and research organizations in the field of hydrology, water transport and fisheries study the problems of the impact of anthropogenic changes in river beds. Summarizing the experience, it is recommended to predict the impact of a potential quarry on the hydrological conditions and morphology of the whole river section by numerical modeling of the channels in 3-D problem formulation. Different technological schemes of open pit mining are considered and modeled, the most acceptable (sparing) option minimizing the negative impact on the environment is selected and justified. In order to control the results obtained by numerical simulation, studies were also carried out using the methods recommended by the regulatory literature. Analysis of the results revealed their great convergence. The final results of the research were compared with the allowable parameters in the regulatory documents, recommendations were made on improving the quarry mining technology for minimizing its negative impact on the channel processes and the resulting transport logistics.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123447737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing propulsion device for underwater apparatus of ship power plant","authors":"Oleg Aexandrovich Gorodnikov, Andrey Evgen'evich Avvakumov, V. Shutov","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-30-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-30-36","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the problem of improving and providing the ability to regulate motion of the parts of a ship power plant (underwater apparatus) used to eliminate the emergency spills of oil and petroleum products. The problem of emergency spills of oil and their elimination is urgent today. At all stages of oil use, from oil exploration and production to waste disposal, the environment is polluted due to oil spills, emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, water and onshore. As the oil product manufacturing develops, the volumes of accidental spills also increase. Emergency spills of oil and oil products lead to irreversible consequences and large resources are allocated for their elimination. Using the underwater apparatus of the ship power plant for elimination of emergency spills of oil and oil products allows sorbent spraying in broken and solid ice. There has been developed a pilot model with a ballasting device under water at a constant depth, which creates difficulties when maneuvering and moving it under thick ice, as well as in broken ice pieces of a large size. Calculations help choose the most optimal engines and propellers to regulate the depth of the apparatus’s lifting and submersing during its operation. It has been recommended to introduce a new technical device for liquidation of emergency spills of oil and oil products, which has no analogues in the world.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126288896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying anti-friction and anti-wear properties of marine lubricants containing layered friction modifier","authors":"V. A. Chanchikov, I. N. Guzhvenko, A. I. Andreev, Mariya Sergeevna Pryamukhina, Marina A. Shulimova","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-1-37-44","url":null,"abstract":"The paper highlights the results of anti-friction and anti-wear tests of samples of lubricating media containing a layered friction modifier - molybdenum diselenide. The main variable test conditions are the load on the test samples, volume concentration of the layered friction modifier in the lubricating oil, preliminary storage time of the lubricating composition before testing. The main evaluation criteria are the mass wear of samples, wear intensity, friction coefficient. Each of the eight test cycles was implemented on a tribotechnical installation of an original design using a cylindrical contact type. The resource indicators transferred from the model conditions of the tests to the real tribological unit “ring-cylinder” of a marine diesel engine 6ChSP 18/22 were evaluated. According to the results of tribological studies, the effect of increasing the load on the model friction unit of the installation, containing a cylindrical wear pair of alloyed gray cast iron, was revealed, as a result of which the mass wear of the annular movable sample increases, and the resource transferred to the real tribological interface of the marine diesel engine “ring-cylinder” decreases in 1.13-1.23 times. The greatest influence on the wear indicators of model samples and the resource transferred to the real “ring-cylinder” interface of a marine diesel engine is the time of preliminary storage of a lubricant composition containing molybdenum diselenide as an additive. It has been proven that the deterioration of anti-friction properties (an increase in the average surface temperature of a segment sample and the friction force) is largely affected by a decrease in the volume concentration of an anti-wear additive in the oil. It has been found out that serious changes in the indicated estimated parameters are valid for the smallest loading step on the samples. General recommendations are formulated for the use of antiwear additives considered in the studies. It has been proved that storing lubricating compositions with additives is possible for a period of no longer than 3-4 days at given volume concentrations in the range of 0.5-1.0%, since if this period is exceeded by 25-40%, the diesel CPG resource may be halved with increased wear of its piston rings and cylinder liners.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134471900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving control system of output voltage in “shaft generator - frequency converter” complex","authors":"B. Avdeyev, Daria Dmitrievna Davydova, Svetlana Vladimirovna Podunai","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-73-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-73-81","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on operation of the ship shaft generator on the joint buses of the main switchboard through a frequency converter that consists of an uncontrolled rectifier and a self-excited inverter with pulse width modulation. The most common schemes of using shaft generators on ships are given, their advantages and disad-vantages are analyzed. There has been illustrated a flowchart and given a detailed description of the operation \u0000of a ship electric power plant with power take-off from the main engine. A control system regulating the constant flow interlinkage in the “frequency converter - shaft generator” complex, which ensures stable output voltage, has been developed. It has been stated that a random change in the rotational speed or in a torque fluctuation of the shaft generator rotor have little impact on the quality of generated electricity. Simulation modeling of the complex is given in the MATLAB/Simulink software package. The developed controller of a self-excited inverter supports continuous flow interlinkage by vector control. There has been demonstrated the composition and operation principle of the control system of output voltage of a shaft generator by using vector regulation method. Modeling has proved the availability of the self-excited inverter control system. The oscillograms of modeling the input and output current and voltage values have been obtained. The modeling results justified that changing the input voltage and frequency of the generator provided the high quality output voltage indicators. Harmonic distortion coefficients and static deviations have been analyzed. The expediency of using combined filters of higher harmonics to eliminate interharmonics and higher harmonics in the ship network has been proved. Practical recommendations are given to improve the quality of operation of the ship electrical complex with a shaft generator.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116384422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling load effect of marine diesel engines on cooling system operation","authors":"Michail Mikhailovich Zelinsky, N. Romanenko, Egor Aleksandrovich Nenastiev","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-89-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-89-96","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides analysis of the load effect of the marine internal combustion engines (ICE) on the tem-perature parameters of the water cooling system of ICEs equipped with L32-40 Vis diesel engines. In ICE cooling systems the drive motors of the pumps supplying the cooling water operate at a constant speed and provide a constant water supply. The thermal state of a marine diesel ICE is regulated by valves according to deviation of the actual temperature values of cooling water from the preset values. By closing or opening the water lines the valves change the proportion of cooling water flows of the external and internal circuits fed to the heat exchangers. There is implemented the principle of regulating the deviation of the main coordinate - the temperature of the cooling water. The influence of other factors on the operation of the system is taken into account with a delay. Modeling the operation of the high-temperature circuit of the cooling system of the main ship engine of the ferry was carried out using the simulator \u0000of the engine room TRANSAS TechSim 5000. There have been obtained graphical results of changing the cooling circuit water temperature with increased and decreased loads on diesel engines by changing the set speed with different initial and final values at a constant water temperature in the external cooling circuit. The graphs helped obtain numerical and qualitative indicators of transient processes (duration, oscillation, overshoot, final temperature values, etc.) for the different initial conditions - ranges of diesel load changes. The resulting graphical dependences are analyzed, conclusions about the modes of working out the disturbing influences by the cooling system, the parameters \u0000of transient processes and the features of the operation of the standard control system and the cooling system circuit \u0000of the main marine diesel engine in terms of ensuring optimal performance of the system are drawn. It has been inferred that the standard control system under some initial conditions does not provide the optimal parameters of transient processes.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124701671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elements of methodology of analysis and synthesis of operations and procedures for maintaining vessel safe operation in companies","authors":"A. N. Anisimov, Sergey Yurievich Razvozov, D. V. Penkovskiy","doi":"10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the model of the “ship - human element - environment” system based on the associative-structural approach is carried out and its operation in a stationary mode is shown, providing the required level of navigation safety with a constant logical operator of communication between system-forming factors. Minimizing dangerous phase transitions in the “ship - human element - environment” system has been proved possible by purposefully using the allocated resource and conducting multiparametric control of operations with a minimum of information necessary for equipment diagnostics and instructing the ship’s crew. The research results of developing the scenarios of ship operations and procedures of managing the condition of the vessel, creating the elements of the theory of the vessel safe operation in non-standard and emergency situations in conditions of phase transitions of the states of the structure-forming factors of the system are presented. Elements of the methodology for analyzing and synthesizing scenarios of operations and procedures for managing the state of safe operation of the vessel in steady-state mode within the framework of a program-target approach in the form of logical programs have been developed. The description of the algorithm for updating scenarios of operations and procedures for managing the state of safety of the vessel in special conditions of navigation and in emergency situations is given. The developed directions for improving the control over safe operation of ships by means of multi-criteria optimization of the production and navigation process and by drawing up scenarios and management procedures help reduce the accidents on ships in the transport, oil and gas and fishing industries of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":129911,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}