Health Security最新文献

{"title":"Communicating Expert Insights During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Lymari Morales","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0079","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49676922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank You to Our Reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.1201.ack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2023.1201.ack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138803355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<scp>Leveraging a Peer-to-Peer Approach to Mitigate Vaccine Misinformation and Improve Vaccine Communication During a Pandemic: Experiences From the Development of a Massive Open Online Course</scp>","authors":"Rupali Jayant Limaye, Gretchen Schulz, Alexandra E. Michel, Megan E. Collins, Sara B. Johnson","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2023.0020","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has not only led to massive global mortality and morbidity, but it has also fueled an infodemic of false and misleading information about COVID-19 and vaccines. The spread of misinformation and disinformation on vaccine safety and efficacy has contributed to vaccine hesitancy and distrust of public health institutions and has undermined the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Because communication plays a monumental role in pandemic preparedness, a promising approach to countering the COVID-19 infodemic is empowering peers to serve as trusted messengers to provide accurate information using evidence-based communication approaches. With this in mind, we developed a massive open online course (MOOC) to provide the general public with the knowledge, skills, and resources to effectively navigate potentially contentious vaccine conversations with their peers, with a specific focus on parents. Within the first year of the course launch, 29,000 people had enrolled. Learners appreciated the information related to vaccine development, communication tips and techniques, and identifying and responding to vaccine misinformation. Over 1,000 learners who completed the course participated in an online evaluation survey. To address public distrust in healthcare providers, government, and science, our survey results indicate that peer-to-peer approaches to addressing vaccine hesitancy can empower community members to educate others and promote vaccine acceptance at scale.","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Investigation and Contact Tracing in US State and Local Public Health Agencies: Sustaining Capacities and Applying Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic and 2022 Mpox Outbreak.","authors":"Alexandra Woodward, Caitlin Rivers","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic illuminated the lack of resources available to US state and local public health agencies to respond to large-scale health events. Two response activities that were notably underresourced are case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT), which health agencies routinely employ to control and prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. However, the scale of contact tracing required during the COVID-19 pandemic exceeded available resources, even in high-capacity public health agencies. For both routine outbreak response and epidemic preparedness, health agencies must have CI/CT program capacities in place prior to the detection of an outbreak to be ready to respond. Our research builds on previous work to identify the baseline CI/CT capacities needed in US state and local public health agencies to respond to any type of outbreak. Fifteen public health officials representing 10 public health agencies and 4 experts in CI/CT were interviewed about various aspects of their CI/CT program during the COVID-19 pandemic. The interviews coincided with the beginning of the 2022 mpox epidemic. Discussions on CI/CT during that response were collected to augment the interviews, where possible. Findings revealed that CI/CT capacities were underresourced prior to and during the pandemic, as well as during the mpox outbreak, even after substantial additional resourcing and efforts to scale up. Moreover, state and local health agencies encountered challenges in pivoting their COVID-19 CI/CT capacities for the mpox response, suggesting that CI/CT programs should either be designed with flexibility in mind, or should allow for specialization based on the pathogen's mode of transmission and the population at risk. Federal, state, and local health agency staff and officials should consider lessons learned from this research to plan for readily scalable and sustainable CI/CT programs to ensure readiness for future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10818042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response After COVID-19.","authors":"Christopher Hoff,&nbsp;Karla Combs-Black,&nbsp;Jennifer D Sorek,&nbsp;Carina Elsenboss,&nbsp;Misty M Robinson,&nbsp;Benjamin Robison","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0042","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10211349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Agrocrime: An Overlooked Biological Threat.","authors":"Daniel Donachie,&nbsp;Fanny Ewann,&nbsp;Frédéric Poudevigne","doi":"10.1089/hs.2022.0144","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2022.0144","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic, suspected to have originated from spillover events, has significantly increased the visibility of biological threats, whether their origins are natural, accidental, or deliberate. The pandemic has also revealed vulnerabilities and gaps in emergency preparedness planning that were exploited by criminals during the crisis. However, how different would the pandemic have looked if it had been deliberately caused? In April 2020, the United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres warned that ‘‘the weaknesses and lack of preparedness exposed by this pandemic provide a window onto how a bioterrorist attack might unfold.’’ Imagine the chaos that would have unfolded—how would we have recognized the signs of a deliberate biological event affecting animals and humans, and how would we have taken a One Health approach to such an event? The COVID-19 pandemic response was led by the public health community, but we also saw strong contributions from veterinary and law enforcement professionals. Veterinary professionals contributed to public health epidemiological investigations, laboratory testing of human specimens for the virus, and experimental infection of animals to further scientific evidence surrounding the virus, while simultaneously trying to maintain their critical functions in safeguarding animal health, welfare, and veterinary public health. Law enforcement officials also played an important role in the pandemic by supporting efforts to control the disease and handle criminals who took advantage of the situation, for example, through fraudulent activity, cyberattacks, and counterfeit medical supplies and medicine. In many countries, law enforcement officials took on new or unfamiliar duties that exposed them to infected people, often with minimal guidance and preparedness. Public health, law enforcement, and veterinary professionals faced significant pressures during this natural disease outbreak. However, what would the expectations have been if they were asked to respond to a deliberate biological event targeting governments and the public through livestock? Crime and terrorism surrounding animal health are often overlooked threats but can have substantial impacts on animal health and welfare, public health, food security, food authenticity, and even national security. Animal diseases can affect the animal and animal product trade, and","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10541920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9917155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Sustainable Infection Prevention in the Era of COVID-19.","authors":"Saskia V Popescu,&nbsp;Rebecca Leach","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9595873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threat Net: A Metagenomic Surveillance Network for Biothreat Detection and Early Warning.","authors":"Siddhanth Sharma,&nbsp;Jaspreet Pannu,&nbsp;Sam Chorlton,&nbsp;Jacob L Swett,&nbsp;David J Ecker","doi":"10.1089/hs.2022.0160","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2022.0160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of novel pathogens can prevent or substantially mitigate biological incidents, including pandemics. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of symptomatic clinical samples may enable detection early enough to contain outbreaks, limit international spread, and expedite countermeasure development. In this article, we propose a clinical mNGS architecture we call \"Threat Net,\" which focuses on the hospital emergency department as a high-yield surveillance location. We develop a susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) simulation model to estimate the effectiveness of Threat Net in detecting novel respiratory pathogen outbreaks. Our analysis serves to quantify the value of routine clinical mNGS for respiratory pandemic detection by estimating the cost and epidemiological effectiveness at differing degrees of hospital coverage across the United States. We estimate that a biological threat detection network such as Threat Net could be deployed across hospitals covering 30% of the population in the United States. Threat Net would cost between $400 million and $800 million annually and have a 95% chance of detecting a novel respiratory pathogen with traits of SARS-CoV-2 after 10 emergency department presentations and 79 infections across the United States. Our analyses suggest that implementing Threat Net could help prevent or substantially mitigate the spread of a respiratory pandemic pathogen in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9687152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognizing the Impact of Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers on the COVID-19 Pandemic Response.","authors":"Nancy V Burns,&nbsp;June Ellen Vutrano,&nbsp;Kyle J Willman,&nbsp;Matthew S Johnson","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10220525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Public and Private Partnership Supporting Data Disaggregation to Measure Racial, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity Disparities in COVID-19.","authors":"Rachel Powell,&nbsp;Bruce Parker,&nbsp;Mardi Moore,&nbsp;ThaoMee Xiong,&nbsp;Dorothy Evans,&nbsp;Turquoise Sidibe","doi":"10.1089/hs.2023.0025","DOIUrl":"10.1089/hs.2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed shortcomings in the US public health data system infrastructure, including incomplete or disparate processes related to data collection, management, sharing, and analysis. Public health data modernization is critical to ensure health equity is at the core of preparedness and response efforts and policies that prioritize equitable responses to health emergencies. To address the inequitable uptake and distribution of COVID-19 vaccinations in communities most disproportionately impacted by the pandemic, the CDC Foundation's Response Crisis and Preparedness Unit began partnering with community-based organizations in March 2021 to provide education and outreach and facilitate access to vaccines. These organizations engaged with partners and communities to address vaccine-related concerns, develop innovative and culturally appropriate communication strategies, and promote timely vaccination. Two grantees, Out Boulder County in Colorado and the Coalition of Asian American Leaders in Minnesota, experienced issues related to public health data collection standards and practices for COVID-19. Data collection tools often lack the appropriate or necessary demographic variables or level of disaggregation needed to be able to assess prioritization and disparities within racial and ethnic groups and across sexual orientation and gender identity categories. In this case study, both grantee organizations document their experiences, challenges, and strategies to overcome barriers to implementing their projects resulting from a lack of meaningful data. These examples identify inequities and systems-level changes related to data collection and surveillance, and they provide recommendations and lessons learned to improve data surveillance for more equitable public health responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12955,"journal":{"name":"Health Security","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41099121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}