Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology最新文献_第3页

Phytochemical Screening of Ethnomedicinal Herbal Extracts and their Effect on Microbial Quality of Sukuti 民族药材提取物的植物化学筛选及其对苏库提微生物品质的影响

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50599

S. R. Rai

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening of Ethnomedicinal Herbal Extracts and their Effect on Microbial Quality of Sukuti","authors":"S. R. Rai","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50599","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of herbal extracts of four ethnomedicinal herbs (Zanthoxylumarmatum, Litsea cubeba, Heracleum nepalense, and Evodia fraxinifolia) of culinary importance on the microbial quality of sukuti (a traditional dried meat product) was studied. Herbal extracts were prepared by grinding each herb to particle size < 250 μm, extracting in 50% (v/v) ethanol, and concentrating in a rotary vacuum evaporator at 50oC. Four of the spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, viz., Salmonella, Staphylococcus, E. coli, and Lactobacillus were isolated from market sukuti samples and used as test organisms for the study. Herbal extracts at the concentration of 40, 20, 10, and 2 mg/ml were tested against the test organisms to determine the antimicrobial property of the extracts. The herbal extract showing the greatest antimicrobial activity was selected for use in optimized product (sukuti) development. The total phenolic content of the herbal extracts was also determined. The analyses were performed in triplicate. The data were checked for homogeneity before being analyzed with ANOVA in Genstat Release v12. The Fisher's Least Significant Difference (LSD) method was used to compare data means at a 5% level of significance. Zanthoxylum armatum at 40 mg/ml concentration showed the largest zone of inhibition (ZOI) against the test organisms and was therefore selected for final product development. Meat strips (1 cm × 1 cm × 25 cm) were marinated with Zanthoxylum armatum (40 mg/ml) extract at the rate of 2%, aged (24 h at 4 ± 2oC), and dried in a cabinet dryer for 2 days at 55oC. The total plate counts (TPCs) of control (untreated)- and herbal (treated) sukuti were carried out for 20 days at an interval of 10 days to determine the microbial stability of the final product. The TPC for the treated sample was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the untreated sample.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"122 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81300354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of Transparent Thin Film for Application of Thin Film Transistor (TFT) and Microelectronics 薄膜晶体管(TFT)和微电子应用中透明薄膜的制备

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50645

Peshal Pokharel, L. Shrestha

{"title":"Fabrication of Transparent Thin Film for Application of Thin Film Transistor (TFT) and Microelectronics","authors":"Peshal Pokharel, L. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50645","url":null,"abstract":"A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special type of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) made by coating an insulating substrate with layers of an active semiconductor layer, metallic contacts, and the dielectric layer. FET transistors consist of three main components: source, gate, and drain. The main objective of the work is to fabricate the channel component by growing the ZnO nanostructure on the glass substrate using spin coating and spray pyrolysis methods. Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) were deposited on glass substrates by spin coating techniques from a precursor solution containing zinc acetate, ethanol and hydroxide of ammonia. After deposition, the films were centrifuged and evaporated. The application of spray pyrolysis has been used to deposit a wide variety of thin films, which are used in a variety of devices, such as solar cells, sensors and solid oxide fuel cells. It has been observed that the properties of the deposited thin films often depend on the preparation conditions; concentration levels of the precursor solution, coating time, electrical and optical properties of the glass substrate, etc. The average resistance of the sheet of samples F1, F5, F52, and F57 was 8.7 Ω, 9.14 Ω, 8.9 Ω and 9.42 Ω and of the samples, F2, F29, F39, and F53 were 9.5 Ω, 9.3 Ω, 9.9 Ω, 10.0 Ω respectively, at a growth temperature of 3400C. The thin films of ZnO were found to be highly transparent between the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and the transmission of each sample decreases with three layers of ZnO seed layer. The decrease in the transmission of the samples confirms the coating of the ZnO seed layer on it. This work has demonstrated that transparent thin films can be fabricated using local techniques developed from locally available materials using less harmful chemical reagents such as zinc acetate. Such fabricated films are optically absorptive and inherently transmissive, further suggesting that they can be used as a channel material in thin film transistors.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81725263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethnobotanical study of Janachana community forest in Rautahat district, Nepal 尼泊尔罗塔哈特地区Janachana群落森林的民族植物学研究

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50653

S. Gautam, Gyanu Thapa Magar, Mukesh Kumar Chhetri, Sujan Chaudhary

{"title":"Ethnobotanical study of Janachana community forest in Rautahat district, Nepal","authors":"S. Gautam, Gyanu Thapa Magar, Mukesh Kumar Chhetri, Sujan Chaudhary","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v6i1.50653","url":null,"abstract":"Community forest user groups (CFUGs) have been receiving different ecosystem services and facilities from the community forest, which are very crucial in their daily life activities. The present study is aimed at identifying the facilities and services received from the different plant species in the Janachana Community Forest, Rautahat district, Nepal. Altogether, 84 members of community forest groups participated in an interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. In total, 65 plants were identified in the study area for use as medicine, firewood, fodder, bedding, food, and other purposes. However, most plants were used as fodder for livestock. Altogether, fifty-eight plant species (89%) were used for multiple purposes (more than one use) and seven (11%) species were used for single purpose. Among the reported plant species, thirty species were used for medicinal purposes. Seeds and leaves were common parts of the plant used as medicine. Most of the plants were used to treat gastritis, cough, and blood clots, which seem to have high prevalence inthe study area. These results imply the various benefits taken by the CFUGs from the community forest in their daily life.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89442715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dust Structure Nearby G229-03 G229-03附近的尘埃结构

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42079

Hem Shrestha, A. K. Jha, Saroj Nepal, Aatmaram Tiwari, Kamana Bantawa, Dhiren Subba Limbu

{"title":"Dust Structure Nearby G229-03","authors":"Hem Shrestha, A. K. Jha, Saroj Nepal, Aatmaram Tiwari, Kamana Bantawa, Dhiren Subba Limbu","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42079","url":null,"abstract":"The Sky View Virtual Observatory was used for the systematic search of dust structures within the far-infrared loop G229-03. The source (object) responsible for the formation of the cavity of interest was detected by the Set of Identifications, Measurements, and Bibliography for Astronomical Data (SIMBAD) database. The total mass of the loop was 8.50031 × 1029 kg which is about 0.425 times the mass of the Sun at a distance of 1300 pc. The size of the cavity was 3.67° × 3.6°, whereas its core size was 0.531° × 0.255° located at R.A. (J2000) = 7h10m0.8s and Dec.(J2000) =15h55m30s. The minimum and maximum temperatures were between 20.24 ± 1.16 K and 18.63 ± 1.96 K respectively. In the core region, the average temperature was 19.53 K, approximately equal to Gaussian center 19.267 K with an offset temperature of 0.4 K showing that the core region of the cavity is dynamically stable. The Far-infrared loop was found to be located within a 1° radius around the high-velocity cloud HVC oriented by 45° to the plane of the sky. The inclination angle of the core of the loop was greater than 60° whereas the inclination angle for the larger structure was 13.71°. The Gaussian distribution of temperature was well fitted with the center of 19.267 K which shows that the cavity was in thermal equilibrium and the outer region with offset temperature of about 35 K suggesting that the loop was dynamically unstable possibly due to high-velocity cloud","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76075257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Processing Impact on Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Phytochemical of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.) 加工对葫芦巴种子营养、抗营养和植物化学的影响

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42131

Babita Adhikari, Shonu Rai

{"title":"Processing Impact on Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Phytochemical of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L.)","authors":"Babita Adhikari, Shonu Rai","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42131","url":null,"abstract":"Phytate and tannin are more pronounced antinutrients limiting the nutritional quality of fenugreek. The impact of roasting (130±5°C for 7 minutes), soaking (12 hrs. at room temperature) and germination (72 hrs. at 25°C) on bioactive compounds (polyphenol and antioxidant activity), nutritional and anti-nutritional compounds (phytate and tannin) in Fenugreek were studied. Experimental data were analyzed using the software GenStat 12th Edition. Protein increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination whereas fat decreased significantly. Iron and calcium increased during roasting whereas decreased during soaking and germination. Maximum reduction of phytate (54.55%) and tannin (66.73%) were found when fenugreek seeds were germinated (72 hours). The reduction percentage of antinutrients by soaking (12 hours) and roasting (130±5⁰C for 7 mins) was found to be a lesser effective method compared to germination. All the treatments had a significant (p<0.05) impact on their bioactive components. Phenolic content increased significantly (p<0.05) during roasting, soaking, and germination. Antioxidant activity (IC50=1.28mg dm/ml) was found to be high in the germinated samples as compared to raw, roasted, and soaked samples. Hence, Germination of fenugreek seeds for 72 hours is concluded as the most effective and promising method for the reduction of antinutrients and increasing the nutritional components, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72725650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effect of Salt Concentration on the Preparation and Quality of Lemon Pickle (Nimki) 盐浓度对柠檬泡菜制备及品质的影响

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42143

Anubhab Acharya, Mahalaxmi Pradhananga

{"title":"Effect of Salt Concentration on the Preparation and Quality of Lemon Pickle (Nimki)","authors":"Anubhab Acharya, Mahalaxmi Pradhananga","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42143","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim was to study the effect of dry salting (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight) on the quality of lemon pickle. The samples were analyzed for microbial profile (Yeast, mold) and chemical characteristics at 15 days intervals till 90 days and the organoleptic quality of the product was evaluated after 90 days of storage. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA (no blocking) at a 5% level of significance results showed that titratable acidity decreased with storage time till 60 days and remained constant thereafter at all levels of salt concentrations; Vitamin C remained fairly constant at all levels of salt concentrations over the storage periods whereas it decreased steadily during storage in the control sample (i.e. 0%); Mold count was nil at 15 days for all the level of salt except control and 5% concentration and Yeast count increased with storage time regardless of the salt% used in a lemon pickle. The optimized salt concentration for the preservation of lemon was found to be 15% salt which was the best product through sensory evaluation with the least microbial load and having appreciable sensory attributes and good vitamin C retention.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88483108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Incorporation of Oats and Malted Barley Flours on the Quality of Cookies 燕麦与麦芽粉掺入对饼干品质的影响

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42142

Bunty Maskey, A. Paudel, Nabindra Kumar Shrestha

引用次数: 0

Quality Attributes and Shelf-Life Estimation of Cassava Flour Incorporated Bakery Product (Biscuit) 木薯粉掺入烘焙产品(饼干)的质量属性及保质期评价

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42133

S. Khatri, Devraj Acharya

{"title":"Quality Attributes and Shelf-Life Estimation of Cassava Flour Incorporated Bakery Product (Biscuit)","authors":"S. Khatri, Devraj Acharya","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42133","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava (Manihotesculentacrantz) is not true cereals are largely grown all over the world. They are very important due to their excellent nutritional contents especially protein, crude fiber, and carbohydrates. Biscuits were prepared by mixing cassava and wheat flour. Six treatments were prepared by adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% cassava flour with wheat flour (Sample B, C, D, E, and F respectively) along with controlled treatment of 100% wheat flour (A). The proximate composition of flours was analyzed and prepared biscuits were subjected to sensory evaluation and shelf-life estimation. The obtained data was analyzed statistically by Genstat Discovery Edition 3 (DE3), for Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 5% level of significance. Statistical analysis showed that sensory parameters and overall acceptability of 80 parts wheat and 20 parts cassava flour incorporated biscuit was significantly superior to all biscuits formulations. The proximate results of the best product showed that moisture content, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, total ash content, and total carbohydrate were found 3.44±0.25%, 13.80±0.33%, 8.13±0.13%, 1.29±0.19%, 2.41±0.06%, and 70.99±0.50 (g/100g) respectively. The shelf life of the best product was estimated by analyzing acid value and moisture content of the product by using three different packaging materials biaxially polypropylene (BOPP), high-density polypropylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) respectively. The shelf life of the best product (80-20) wheat and cassava flours was found to be satisfactory for 8 weeks. The projected shelf life was found high in polypropylene (PP) and high-density polypropylene (HDPE) for 13.5 and 17.81 weeks for acid value and moisture content respectively.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90706488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Intestinal Parasitosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Infected Patients from Dharan, Nepal 尼泊尔达兰地区人类免疫缺陷病毒和肺结核感染患者的肠道寄生虫病

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42134

Arjun Ghimire, Kishor Rai, H. Khanal

{"title":"Intestinal Parasitosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Infected Patients from Dharan, Nepal","authors":"Arjun Ghimire, Kishor Rai, H. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42134","url":null,"abstract":" Intestinal parasitic infestation reflects a health threat with patients living with HIV & Tu-berculosis (TB). Parasitic infections caused by protozoa and helminths are the most com-mon infections worldwide. The present study was done to find out the frequency of intes-tinal parasitosis among HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) patients of Dharan total of 53 samples (>15 years) from HIV seropositive patients and 28 samples (>20years) from TB patients were collected in a clean, dry and capped fitted container and subjected to macroscopic and microscopic examination for ova, cyst, adult parasites and or segments of parasites. Stool samples were fixed in a 10% formalin-ether solution. Sedimentation technique, with modified acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) staining method, was performed for opportunistic in-testinal parasites in both patients. Multi-parasitic infection was noted in the study. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was found to be 54 (66.67%). This result had shown that the participation of male patients was comparatively higher than female pa-tients. Out of 81 stool samples, 15 (27.78%) G. lamblia, 12(22.22%) E. histolytica, 12 (22.22%) Cryptosporidium parvum, 6 (11.11%), Isospora belli 4 (7.40%) Microspridium, 1(1.85%) Blastocystis hominis, 2(3.70%) and Taenia spp, 2(3.70%). To prevent this infec-tion appropriate health education should be given to the patients concerning disease trans-mission, antiparasitic therapy, personal hygiene, and safe drinking water.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87890135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among School-going Children of Age 1-5 years in Dharan, Eastern Nepal 尼泊尔东部达兰地区1-5岁学龄儿童肠道寄生虫感染及其相关风险因素

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42129

Dhiren Subba Limbu, Samana Shrestha, Kamana Bantawa, R. Majhi, Milan Kharel

{"title":"Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among School-going Children of Age 1-5 years in Dharan, Eastern Nepal","authors":"Dhiren Subba Limbu, Samana Shrestha, Kamana Bantawa, R. Majhi, Milan Kharel","doi":"10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42129","url":null,"abstract":" Intestinal parasitic infections have been a major public health burden of developing countries, especially in children. Higher prevalence has been reported among school children, mostly in rural areas of Nepal where water, toilets, hygiene, and sanitation facilities are insufficient. This cross-sectional study was carried out from April to September 2019 to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school-going children1-5 years of Dharan, Nepal, and to assess the associated risk factors. Stool samples were collected in a clean, dry, screw-capped, and wide-mouthed plastic container, kept in an icebox, and transported to the laboratory. Data relating to different risk factors were collected from the parents of 116 participants using a structured questionnaire. The parasites were identified by using the direct wet mount method and formal-ether concentration method. Pearson’s chi-square test was carried out to establish associations between dependent and independent variables using SPSS version 20, and the test considered a greater than < 0.05% as statistically significant with a 95% confidence level. Out of the 116 stool samples, 9 (7.75%) tested positive for the parasitic infections in which 5 (55.5%) were protozoa and 4 (44.45%) were helminths. The prevalent parasites, were Entamoeba histolytica (23%), Hyamenolepis nana (22%), Giardia lamblia (11%), Hookworm (11%), Entamoeba coli (11%), Ascaris lumbricoides (11%), and Intestinal parasitic infections had a significant association with drinking water, bowel syndrome, bathing habit, toilet facility, and washing hands after toilets (p<0.05). Lack of toilets, poor hygiene, and unsafe drinking water were the main risk factors. Improved hygienic practices, safe drinking water, and the use of latrines could lower the rate of parasitic infections.","PeriodicalId":12935,"journal":{"name":"Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82478452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0