Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research最新文献

{"title":"In vitro Differentiation of Human TERT-Transfected Multi-Lineage Progenitor Cells (MLPC) into Immortalized Hepatocyte-Like Cells.","authors":"Daniel P Collins,&nbsp;Joel H Hapke,&nbsp;Rajagopal N Aravalli,&nbsp;Clifford J Steer","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S245916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S245916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research directed towards drug development, metabolism, and liver functions often utilize primary hepatocytes (PH) for preliminary in vitro studies. Variability in the in vitro functionality of PH and the unsuitability of hepatocarcinoma cells for these studies have driven researchers to look to ESC, iPS, and other stem cell types using differentiation protocols to provide more reliable and available cells. This study describes the development of hepatocyte-like cells through the in vitro differentiation of human TERT-immortalized cord blood-derived multi-lineage progenitor cells (MLPC). The E12 clonal cell line derived from polyclonal TERT-transfected cells was used throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>E12 MLPC were subjected to a three-step differentiation protocol using alternating combinations of growth factors, cytokines, and maturational factors. Cells at various stages of differentiation were analyzed for consistency with PH by morphology, immunohistochemistry, urea production, and gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>E12 MLPC were shown to significantly change morphology with each stage of differentiation. Coincidental with the morphological changes in the cells, immunohistochemistry data documented the differentiation to committed endoderm by the expression of SOX-17 and GATA-4; the progression to committed hepatocyte-like cells by the expression of a large number of markers including α-fetoprotein and albumin; and the final differentiation by the expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic HNF4. Fully differentiated cells demonstrated gene expression, urea production, and immunohistochemistry consistent with PH. A methodology and medium formulation to continuously expand the E12-derived hepatocyte-like cells is described.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The availability of immortalized hepatocyte-like cell lines could provide a consistent tool for the study of hepatic diseases, drug discovery, and the development of cellular therapies for liver disorders. Utilization of these techniques could provide a basis for the development of bridge therapies for liver failure patients awaiting transplant.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S245916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38109340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on Emerging Treatment Options for Primary Biliary Cholangitis.","authors":"Maria T Aguilar,&nbsp;David M Chascsa","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S205431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S205431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare autoimmune cholestatic liver disease that may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis. Treatment options are currently limited. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) remains first-line therapy and has been proven to normalize serum biochemistries, halt histologic disease progression, and lead to patient survival comparable to the general population. Obeticholic acid (OCA) was recently approved as adjunct therapy in PBC patients with inadequate response or intolerance to UDCA. However, OCA has been associated with worsening pruritus in clinical studies which may limit its use in this patient population. Several studies are currently underway to address the lack of treatment options for PBC. Of these, fibrates, which have been used in Japan for over a decade, have produced promising results. Furthermore, as currently approved therapies for PBC do not address the potentially debilitating clinical symptoms of PBC such as pruritus and fatigue, supplemental therapy is often required for symptom control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S205431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38051519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elbasvir/Grazoprevir for HCV Infection in Russia: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"Konstantin Zhdanov,&nbsp;Vasily Isakov,&nbsp;Eduard Burnevich,&nbsp;Svetlana Kizhlo,&nbsp;Igor Bakulin,&nbsp;Vadim Pokrovsky,&nbsp;Liwen Liang,&nbsp;Peggy Hwang,&nbsp;Rohit Talwani,&nbsp;Barbara A Haber,&nbsp;Michael N Robertson","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S241418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S241418","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major healthcare concern in Russia, where almost 5 million individuals are viremic. Elbasvir/grazoprevir is a fixed-dose combination therapy for the treatment of HCV genotype 1 and genotype 4 infection. The present analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in individuals with HCV infection enrolled at Russian study sites in the C-CORAL study. Patients and Methods C-CORAL (Protocol PN-5172-067; NCT02251990) was a Phase 3, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted throughout Asia and Russia. Treatment-naive participants with chronic HCV infection were randomly assigned to receive immediate or deferred treatment with elbasvir 50 mg/grazoprevir 100 mg once daily for 12 weeks. Participants in the immediate-treatment group received elbasvir/grazoprevir for 12 weeks, and those in the deferred-treatment group received placebo for 12 weeks, followed by open-label elbasvir/grazoprevir for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12). Results One hundred and nineteen Russian participants were randomized (immediate-treatment group, n=88; deferred-treatment group, n=31). Most participants were white (99%) with HCV genotype 1b infection (97%) and mild-to-moderate (F0–F2) fibrosis (70%). SVR12 was achieved by 98.9% participants in the immediate-treatment group and by 100% of those receiving deferred elbasvir/grazoprevir in the deferred-treatment group. One participant relapsed with nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) L28M and Y93H resistance-associated substitutions at baseline and at time of failure. Drug-related adverse events were reported by 19% of participants receiving elbasvir/grazoprevir in the immediate-treatment group and by 16% of those receiving placebo in the deferred-treatment group. No serious adverse event or deaths occurred, and no participant discontinued treatment owing to an adverse event. Conclusion Elbasvir/grazoprevir for 12 weeks was highly effective in treatment-naive Russian individuals with HCV genotype 1b infection.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S241418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37901244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Implications of Thrombocytopenia for the Cirrhotic Patient.","authors":"Samuel H Sigal,&nbsp;Zachary Sherman,&nbsp;Arun Jesudian","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S244596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S244596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thrombocytopenia is a frequent complication in patients with cirrhosis. As many as 84% of patients with cirrhosis have thrombocytopenia, and it is an independent variable indicative of advanced disease and poor prognosis. Although there is great concern that it may aggravate bleeding during surgical procedures, there is limited evidence to inform decisions regarding the treatment of cirrhotic patients with thrombocytopenia undergoing invasive procedures. Finally, there is evidence that platelets play a significant role in liver regeneration. In this report, the clinical implications of thrombocytopenia in cirrhotic patients are reviewed. The utility of platelet counts in the prognosis of cirrhosis and relationship to complications of advanced liver disease, including portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of low platelet counts on bleeding complications during invasive procedures is outlined. Finally, the role of platelets and potential adverse impact in liver regeneration is reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S244596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37878455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Comparison of Transient Elastography Using Two Different Devices: Performance of FibroScan and FibroTouch.","authors":"Joao Tiago Serra,&nbsp;Johannes Mueller,&nbsp;Haidong Teng,&nbsp;Omar Elshaarawy,&nbsp;Sebastian Mueller","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S245455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S245455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transient elastography (TE) using FibroScan (FS) has been established to non-invasively assess liver fibrosis and steatosis. The aim of this study was to compare the recently introduced FibroTouch (FT) device with the established FS with respect to liver stiffness and CAP.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Thirty-nine patients with and without liver disease were included. All patients were measured three times with FS (FibroScan 530 compact, Echosens, France) and FT (FibroTouch-FT100, Wuxi Hisky Med, China). For FS, M and XL probe were used according to the manufacturer's specifications. For steatosis, CAP and the comparable FT equivalent UAP (ultrasound attenuation parameter) was determined. Finally, FT and FS were explored in liver tissue-mimicking phantoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LS between FS and FT correlated well with r=0.91. Root-mean-square (RMS) of the coefficient of variation for LS was better in FS (11.1% vs 27.4%). Bland-Altman analysis showed a 3.1 kPa mean overestimation of LS by FT. In addition, UAP strongly and linearly depended on the BMI following UAP=3.02 × BMI+186. In phantoms, a similar relation was found with UAP (phantom)= 3.78 × BMI + 146 suggesting that UAP is directly calculated from entered BMI instead of assessing shear-wave attenuation. Consequently, RMS-CV was lower for FT (6.0% vs 9.7%). However, if using different BMI, CV-RMS for FT increased to 12.7%. LS of a patient with manifest liver cirrhosis and ascites was 38.8 kPa using the FS-XL probe but almost normal with FT (7.2 kPa).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although LS by FT shows good correlation with LS-FS, it has larger variation, continuously overestimates LS and completely fails in ascites. Moreover, FT-UAP seems to be a misleading parameter for steatosis assessment because it is at least in part calculated from mandatory entered patient data. In conclusion, novel LS cut-off values need to be defined for LS-FT and usage of UAP is not recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S245455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37826865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Detection of Cholangiocarcinoma: In vitro MRI-Based Study Using Local Coils and T2 Mapping.","authors":"Narong Khuntikeo,&nbsp;Attapol Titapun,&nbsp;Nittaya Chamadol,&nbsp;Wuttisak Boonphongsathien,&nbsp;Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool,&nbsp;Simon D Taylor-Robinson,&nbsp;Christopher A Wadsworth,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang,&nbsp;Evdokia M Kardoulaki,&nbsp;Ian R Young,&nbsp;Richard R A Syms","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S232392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S232392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Cholangiocarcinoma is endemic in southeast Asia, generally developing from liver fluke infestation. However, diagnostic imaging of early-stage disease is challenging. The aim of this work is to investigate relaxometry (specifically, T2 mapping) as a method of exploiting the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of internal coils for improved reception of magnetic resonance signals, despite their non-uniform sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ex vivo T2 mapping was carried out at 3T on fixed resection specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients using an mGRASE sequence and an endoscope coil based on a thin-film magneto-inductive waveguide and designed ultimately for internal use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Disease-induced changes including granulomatous inflammation, intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal tumours were correlated with histopathology, and relaxation data were compared with mono- and bi-exponential models of T2 relaxation. An approximately 10-fold local advantage in SNR compared to a 16-element torso coil was demonstrated using the endoscope coil, and improved tissue differentiation was obtained without contrast agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The performance advantage above follows directly from the inverse relation between the component of the standard deviation of T2 due to thermal noise and the SNR, and offers an effective method of exploiting the SNR advantage of internal coils. No correction is required, avoiding the need for tracking, relaxing constraints on coil and slice orientation and providing rapid visualization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S232392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37826864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Differentiation of Marmoset Embryonic Stem Cells and Functional Characterization of ESC-Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells.","authors":"Rajagopal N Aravalli,&nbsp;Daniel P Collins,&nbsp;Joel H Hapke,&nbsp;Andrew T Crane,&nbsp;Clifford J Steer","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S243277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S243277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are the ideal candidates for studying critical liver functions such as drug metabolism and toxicity. However, as they are isolated from discarded livers that are unsuitable for transplantation, they possess limited expansion ability <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> and their enzymatic functions deteriorate rapidly because they are often of poor quality. Therefore, there is a compelling reason to find reliable alternative sources of hepatocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we report on efficient and robust differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESC) from the common marmoset <i>Callithrix jacchus</i> into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) using a simple, and reproducible three-step procedure. ESC-derived HLCs were examined by morphological analysis and tested for their expression of hepatocyte-specific markers using a combination of immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and biochemical assays. Primary human hepatocytes were used as controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ESC-derived HLCs expressed each of the hepatocyte-specific markers tested, including albumin; α-fetoprotein; asialoglycoprotein receptor 1; α-1 antitrypsin; hepatocyte nuclear factors 1α and 4; cytokeratin 18; hepatocyte growth factor receptor; transferrin; tyrosine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; c-reactive protein; cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4; and coagulation factors FVII and FIX. They were functionally competent as demonstrated by biochemical assays in addition to producing urea.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data strongly suggest that marmoset HLCs possess characteristics similar to those of PHHs. They could, therefore, be invaluable for studies on drug metabolism and cell transplantation therapy for a variety of liver disorders. Because of the similarities in the anatomical and physiological features of the common marmoset to that of humans, <i>Callithrix jacchus</i> is an appropriate animal model to study human disease conditions and cellular functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S243277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37682054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management Strategies for Patients with Hilar Cholangiocarcinomas: Challenges and Solutions.","authors":"Siddharth Mehrotra,&nbsp;Shailendra Lalwani,&nbsp;Samiran Nundy","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S223022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S223022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in imaging, pathology and therapy have resulted in major improvements in the management of cholangiocarcinomas; the mortality has come down and with it there has been an improved 5-year survival. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice and reports from high volume centres have shown an increase in resectability rates, R0 resection, a decrease in mortality and an improvement in 5-year survival; however, the operative morbidity remains high, pointing towards the complexity of the management of these difficult lesions. Complete excision is also often limited by the locally advanced nature of the disease at the time of diagnosis and a proportion of patients who were earlier deemed resectable on imaging are found to have unresectable disease at the time of operation. Neoadjuvant therapy has had only a limited impact on survival. Liver transplantation is also an option in a few patients following strict criteria for selection. Since the large majority of patients are only diagnosed at the late stages of the disease palliation (endoscopic or surgical) is an important part of treatment. Portal vein embolisation and pre-operative biliary drainage have had a major impact on outcomes. Major liver resection with caudate lobe removal remains the standard operation and procedures like routine vascular resection and liver transplant should only be carried out in experienced centres. Improvements in both neo as well as adjuvant therapy may lead to a standardized protocol in the future, as well as an improvement in survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S223022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37726458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review Of Current And Upcoming Treatment Modalities In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis","authors":"S. Ganguli, P. Deleeuw, S. Satapathy","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S188991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S188991","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the West. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of NAFLD and can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and is associated with increased cardiovascular risks. Multiple components and risk factors are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. Optimal therapy has not yet been found, but many advances have been made with the discovery of potential therapeutic options. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of approved, studied, and upcoming treatment options for NAFLD and NASH. Non-pharmacologic therapy (lifestyle modifications and bariatric surgery) and pharmacologic therapy are both reviewed. Pharmacologic therapy target components thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease process including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and fibrosis are reviewed in this paper. Results of the emerging treatment targets in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials are also included.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"159 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S188991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45940271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis Of Risk Factors For Nonalcoholic Fatty-Liver Disease In Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Case–Control Study","authors":"Ghodsiyeh Azarkar, Z. Doosti, Freshteh Osmani, M. Ziaee","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S211106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S211106","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Although NAFLD has been studied extensively, potential risk factors for NAFLD among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and their comparison with healthy individuals have remained understudied in Iran. As such, we examined the association between HBV infection and the development of NAFLD in two groups. Methods A case–control study was done on 376 CHB patients and 447 healthy subjects randomly selected from Birjand, South Khorasan province, Iran. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for incidence of NAFLD. Potential risk factors for NAFLD were evaluated while adjusting for age, sex, marital status, and educational level. Also, χ2 was used to compare demographic characteristics between the two groups. Results A total of 373 CHB patients (mean age 40.1±12.9 years) versus 447 individuals in the control group (mean age 39.8±13.9 years) were included in this study (p=0.337). Liver characteristics were found to be significantly different in CHB and healthy groups (p<0.05). According to the results obtained from logistic regression, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for NAFLD incidence of comparing HBsAg-positive to HBsAg-negative participants was 0.62 (0.45–0.84). Conclusion The results suggested that HBsAg seropositivity was associated with lower risk of developing NAFLD. This study also revealed that mild cases of fatty liver in carriers of hepatitis B are more common than in healthy subjects. However, moderate and severe cases of this condition are more common in healthy people than in hepatitis B carriers.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"153 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S211106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44616089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}