Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research最新文献

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Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Current Insights and Impact on Quality of Life. 原发性胆道胆管炎患者的焦虑和抑郁:当前的见解及其对生活质量的影响。
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-08-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S256692
Tarika Sivakumar, Kris V Kowdley
{"title":"Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Current Insights and Impact on Quality of Life.","authors":"Tarika Sivakumar,&nbsp;Kris V Kowdley","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S256692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S256692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic cholestatic immune-mediated liver disease characterized by injury to intrahepatic bile ducts that may ultimately progress to cirrhosis and liver failure and result in the need for liver transplant or death without treatment. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) are approved therapies for PBC and are associated with a reduced risk of progression of disease, although patients may continue to experience significant symptoms of pruritus and fatigue independent of liver disease. The two most commonly reported symptoms among patients with PBC are fatigue and pruritus which may be debilitating, and negatively impact physical, mental, emotional, and social wellbeing. Intense symptom burden has been associated with depressive symptoms, cognitive defects, poor sleep schedules, and social isolation. This literature review explores the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in chronic liver disease, the impact of symptom burden on patients' wellbeing, and available pharmaceutical and natural therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/27/hmer-13-83.PMC8409764.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39403007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Perioperative Evolution of Sodium Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation: An Observational Cohort and Literature Review. 肝硬化肝移植患者围手术期钠水平的变化:一项观察队列和文献综述。
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-08-07 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S320127
Ido Zamberg, Julien Maillard, Benjamin Assouline, Simon Tomala, Gleicy Keli-Barcelos, Florence Aldenkortt, Thomas Mavrakanas, Axel Andres, Eduardo Schiffer
{"title":"Perioperative Evolution of Sodium Levels in Cirrhotic Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation: An Observational Cohort and Literature Review.","authors":"Ido Zamberg,&nbsp;Julien Maillard,&nbsp;Benjamin Assouline,&nbsp;Simon Tomala,&nbsp;Gleicy Keli-Barcelos,&nbsp;Florence Aldenkortt,&nbsp;Thomas Mavrakanas,&nbsp;Axel Andres,&nbsp;Eduardo Schiffer","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S320127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S320127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Hyponatremia is an important predictor of early death among cirrhotic patients in the orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) waiting list. Evidence exists that prioritizing OLT waiting list according to the MELD score combined with plasma sodium concentration might prevent pre transplantation death. However, the evolution of plasma sodium concentrations during the perioperative period of OLT is not well known. We aimed to describe the evolution of perioperative sodium concentration during OLT and its relation to perioperative neurohormonal responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven consecutive cirrhotic patients who underwent OLT were prospectively included in the study over a period of 27 months. We studied the evolution of plasma sodium levels, the hemodynamics, the neurohormonal response and other biological markers during the perioperative period of OLT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among study's population, four patients had hyponatremia before OLT, all with Child cirrhosis. In patients with hyponatremia, plasmatic sodium reached normal levels during surgery, and sodium levels remained within normal ranges 1 day, 7 days, as well as 6 months after surgery for all patients. Creatinine clearance was decreased significantly during the perioperative period, while creatinine and cystatin C levels increased significantly. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and vasopressin levels did not change significantly in this period. Plasma renin activity, concentrations of norepinephrine and brain natriuretic peptide varied significantly during the perioperative period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our study, plasmatic sodium concentrations among hyponatremic cirrhotic patients undergoing OLT seem to reach normal levels after OLT and remain stable six months after surgery providing more evidence for the importance of sodium levels in prioritization of liver transplant candidates. Further investigation of rapid correction and stabilization of sodium levels after OLT, as observed in our study, would be of interest in order to fully understand the mechanisms involved in cirrhosis-related hyponatremia, its prognostic value and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/27/f1/hmer-13-71.PMC8357403.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39311925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Need for Alternatives to Liver Biopsies: Non-Invasive Analytics and Diagnostics. 肝脏活检替代方案的需求:非侵入性分析和诊断。
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-06-14 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S278076
James Neuberger, Owen Cain
{"title":"The Need for Alternatives to Liver Biopsies: Non-Invasive Analytics and Diagnostics.","authors":"James Neuberger,&nbsp;Owen Cain","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S278076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S278076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histology remains essential for the diagnosis and management of many disorders affecting the liver. However, the biopsy procedure itself is associated with a low risk of harm to the patient and cost to the health services; samples may not be adequate and are subject to sampling variation. Furthermore, interpretation often depends on the skill of the pathologist. Increasingly, new techniques are becoming available that are altering the indications for liver biopsy. Many diseases of the liver can be diagnosed and managed using serological and radiological techniques; the degree of fibrosis and fat can often be assessed by serological or imaging techniques and the nature of space occupying lesions defined by serology, imaging and use of liquid biopsy. However, these techniques, too, are subject to limitations: sensitivity and specificity is not always adequate for diagnosis or management; some techniques are expensive and often also require expert interpretation. Although there may be less need for liver biopsy today, histology remains the gold standard as well as an essential tool for the diagnosis and management of many conditions, especially where there are multiple pathologies, or where a diagnosis cannot or has not been made by alternative approaches. Until less invasive techniques become more reliable and accessible, liver histology will remain a key investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/3e/hmer-13-59.PMC8214024.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39020534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Step by Step: Managing the Complications of Cirrhosis. 一步一步:处理肝硬化的并发症。
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-05-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S278032
Irene C Perez, Fabian J Bolte, William Bigelow, Zachary Dickson, Neeral L Shah
{"title":"Step by Step: Managing the Complications of Cirrhosis.","authors":"Irene C Perez,&nbsp;Fabian J Bolte,&nbsp;William Bigelow,&nbsp;Zachary Dickson,&nbsp;Neeral L Shah","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S278032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S278032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Common causes of chronic liver disease include alcohol, viral hepatitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Inflammation is a critical driver in the progression of liver disease to liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. While the severity of chronic liver disease extends over a continuum, the management is more easily differentiated between compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. In this review, we discuss pathophysiology, clinical features and management of common complications of liver cirrhosis based on literature review and the current clinical practice guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD).</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"45-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/70/7d/hmer-13-45.PMC8164676.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor on Human Primary Hepatocytes and Immortalized Hepatocyte-Like Cells by Confocal Analysis. SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白与人原代肝细胞和永生化肝细胞样细胞亚洲糖蛋白受体的共聚焦分析
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-04-14 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S301979
Daniel P Collins, Clifford J Steer
{"title":"Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor on Human Primary Hepatocytes and Immortalized Hepatocyte-Like Cells by Confocal Analysis.","authors":"Daniel P Collins,&nbsp;Clifford J Steer","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S301979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S301979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 virus may have direct or indirect effects on other human organs beyond the respiratory system and including the liver, via binding of the spike protein. This study investigated the potential direct interactions with the liver by comparing the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins to human AT2-like cells, primary human hepatocytes and immortalized hepatocyte-like hybrid cells. Receptors with binding specificity for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on AT2 cells and hepatocytes were identified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The specific binding of biotinylated spike and spike 1 proteins to undifferentiated human E12 MLPC (E12), E12 differentiated alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and E12 human hepatocyte-like hybrid cells (HLC) was studied by confocal microscopy. We investigated the expression of ACE-2, binding of biotinylated spike protein, biotinylated spike 1 and inhibition of binding by unlabeled spike protein, two neutralizing antibodies and an antibody directed against the hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGr1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>E12 MLPC did not express ACE-2 and did not bind either of spike or spike 1 proteins. AT2-like cells expressed ACE-2 and bound both spike and spike 1. Both PHH and HLC did not express ACE-2 and did not bind spike 1 protein. However, both PHH and HLC actively bound the spike protein. Biotinylated spike protein binding was inhibited by unlabeled spike but not spike 1 protein on PHH and HLC. Two commercial neutralizing antibodies blocked the binding of the spike to PHH and HLC but only one blocked binding to AT2. An antibody to the hepatocyte ASGr1 blocked the binding of the spike protein to PHH and HLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The absence of ACE-2 receptors and inhibition of spike binding by an antibody to the ASGr1 on both PHH and HLC suggested that the spike protein interacts with the ASGr1. The differential antibody blocking of spike binding to AT2, PHH and HLC indicated that neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2 binding might involve additional mechanisms beyond RBD binding to ACE-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/87/90/hmer-13-37.PMC8055367.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38903489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Approaches to the Diagnosis of Portal Hypertension: Non-Invasive or Invasive Tests? 门静脉高压症的诊断方法:无创检查还是有创检查?
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-03-18 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S278077
Elton Dajti, Luigina Vanessa Alemanni, Giovanni Marasco, Marco Montagnani, Francesco Azzaroli
{"title":"Approaches to the Diagnosis of Portal Hypertension: Non-Invasive or Invasive Tests?","authors":"Elton Dajti,&nbsp;Luigina Vanessa Alemanni,&nbsp;Giovanni Marasco,&nbsp;Marco Montagnani,&nbsp;Francesco Azzaroli","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S278077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S278077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Portal hypertension is the main driver of complications in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and is defined by values of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement (HVPG) >5 mmHg. Values of HVPG ≥10 mmHg determine the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), the main predictor of the risk of variceal bleeding, hepatic decompensation, and mortality. However, its measurement is invasive and requires high expertise, so its routine use outside third level centers or clinical trials is limited. In the last decades, several non-invasive tests (NITs) have been developed and validated for the diagnosis of portal hypertension. Among these, liver (LSM) and spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) are the most promising tools available, as they have been proven accurate to predict CSPH, high-risk esophageal varices, decompensation, and mortality in patients with ACLD. In the last Baveno VI Consensus proceedings, LSM evaluation was recommended for the first time for diagnosis of CSPH (LSM >20-25 kPa) and the screening of patients with a low probability of having high-risk varices (LSM <20 kPa and platelet count >150.000/mm<sup>3</sup>). In this review, we aimed to summarize the growing evidence supporting the use of non-invasive tests for the evaluation of portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/c5/hmer-13-25.PMC7987277.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25525418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Evaluation of MicroRNA-122 as a Biomarker for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and as a Predictor for Treatment Response to Direct-Acting Antivirals. 评价MicroRNA-122作为慢性丙型肝炎感染的生物标志物和直接作用抗病毒药物治疗反应的预测因子
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-03-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S292251
Naglaa S Elabd, Safaa I Tayel, Moamena S Elhamouly, Shaimaa A Hassanein, Samar M Kamaleldeen, Fatma E Ahmed, Mahmoud Rizk, Abdelnaser A Gadallah, Soma E Ajlan, Ahmed S Sief
{"title":"Evaluation of MicroRNA-122 as a Biomarker for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and as a Predictor for Treatment Response to Direct-Acting Antivirals.","authors":"Naglaa S Elabd,&nbsp;Safaa I Tayel,&nbsp;Moamena S Elhamouly,&nbsp;Shaimaa A Hassanein,&nbsp;Samar M Kamaleldeen,&nbsp;Fatma E Ahmed,&nbsp;Mahmoud Rizk,&nbsp;Abdelnaser A Gadallah,&nbsp;Soma E Ajlan,&nbsp;Ahmed S Sief","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S292251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S292251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment response to antiviral drugs is a challenging issue in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although microRNA-122 represents the majority of the microRNA content in hepatic tissues, few studies have evaluated its role in the treatment response, so we aimed to study its role in chronic HCV patients and in predicting the treatment response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 125 chronic HCV patients (89 naïve and 36 with a prior failed peginterferon/ribavirin response) and 50 apparently healthy subjects. Complete blood count, liver function, α-fetoprotein, lipid profiles, serum creatinine, abdominal ultrasound, and FibroScan<sup>®</sup> were assessed. Viral markers, HCV antibodies, and hepatitis B surface antigen were measured by enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay, with quantitative estimation of HCV RNA and microRNA-122 levels by real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The microRNA-122 level in HCV patients (those with a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after finishing therapy [SVR12] and non-responders) was significantly increased compared with controls and expressed more in non-responders versus SVR12 (<i>p</i>=0.042). ROC curve analysis of microRNA-122 for differentiating HCV patients from healthy controls revealed that a cut-off point of >1.45 had a sensitivity of 67.20%, specificity of 94.0%, AUC=0.861, and <i>p</i><0.001; and for predicting response to treatment a cut-off point ≤5.66 could significantly (<i>p</i>=0.022) predict the occurrence of SVR, with a sensitivity of 60.34%, specificity of 66.67%, and AUC=0.729. Logistic regression analysis showed significant values for microRNA-122 in multivariate and univariate analysis for the prediction of response to DAAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated the possible function of microRNA-122 as an indicative tool for distinguishing chronic HCV patients from controls and in the assessment of the therapeutic reaction to DAAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"9-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/18/hmer-13-9.PMC7979684.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25522856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients at Selected Hospitals, Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚选定医院肺结核患者抗结核药物引起的肝毒性及其相关因素
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-01-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S290542
Yalew Molla, Muluken Wubetu, Bekalu Dessie
{"title":"Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients at Selected Hospitals, Ethiopia.","authors":"Yalew Molla,&nbsp;Muluken Wubetu,&nbsp;Bekalu Dessie","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S290542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S290542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis caused by susceptible mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is effectively treated by the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, most antibacterial drugs are known to induce hepatotoxicity which may limit their adherence and hence lead to the development of mycobacterial drug resistance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity and associated factors among tuberculosis patients of Debre Markos, Mota, and Bichena Hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective cross sectional-study was conducted in three hospitals of East Gojjam zone by taking blood samples of new tuberculosis patients every 2 weeks for 2 months to measure the elevation of liver proteins indicating liver toxicity from the onset of starting therapy. A semi-structured questionnaire was also used to collect the socio-demographic data and factors of anti-tubeculosis drug induced liver toxicity. To identify factors associated with drug induced hepatotoxicity, binary logistic regression followed by multivariate analysis was applied at a statistically significant level of <i>P</i><0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis patients is 7.9%. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, having comorbid disease, and old age are significantly associated (<i>P</i><0.05) with first-line antituberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of hepatotoxicity is relatively high among tuberculosis patients taking first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, the liver function of patients with old age, comorbid diseases, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis should be regularly monitored to reduce the severity of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/8f/hmer-13-1.PMC7850419.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25329933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: An Update. 原发性肝癌的化学危险因素:最新进展
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2021-01-05 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S278070
Adam Barsouk, Krishna Chaitanya Thandra, Kalyan Saginala, Prashanth Rawla, Alexander Barsouk
{"title":"Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: An Update.","authors":"Adam Barsouk,&nbsp;Krishna Chaitanya Thandra,&nbsp;Kalyan Saginala,&nbsp;Prashanth Rawla,&nbsp;Alexander Barsouk","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S278070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S278070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its incidence is decreasing with vaccination. Alcohol is the leading cause of liver transplant, cirrhosis, and cancer in the developed world, and is projected to surpass hepatitis B as the leading hepatic cancer etiology worldwide. Tobacco smoking has shown a positive association with liver cancer in a majority of studies, though not all. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by <i>Aspergillus</i>, is estimated to account for 3-20% of global liver cancer cases, 40% of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. These statistics are confounded by the prevalence of hepatitis B, which may have a synergistic effect on hepatic carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin is ingested and likely inhaled from agricultural products, placing farmers, food processors, and textile workers in developing nations at risk. Vinyl-chloride is used in the production of PVC plastics and causes rare liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other neoplasms. Arsenic and cadmium are naturally-occurring, hepatocarcinogenic metals with high occupational exposure in industries involving coal, metals, plastics, and batteries. Millions of laborers in waste-disposal and manufacturing are exposed to organic solvents and N-nitrosamines, which vary from carcinogenic (group 1) to possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) in their IARC designation. Insecticide DDT is possibly hepatocarcinogenic (group 2B), though continues to be used for malaria control in the developing world. While suggested by case reports, anabolic steroids and oral contraceptives have not been shown to increase liver cancer risk in large studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/0c/hmer-12-179.PMC7801911.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38820936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Repurposing of N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Dengue Virus-Induced Acute Liver Failure. n -乙酰半胱氨酸用于治疗登革病毒诱导的急性肝衰竭。
IF 2.1
Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research Pub Date : 2020-11-03 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S263840
Gebrehiwot Gebremedhin Tafere, Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash, Filmon Beyenne Demoz
{"title":"Repurposing of N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Dengue Virus-Induced Acute Liver Failure.","authors":"Gebrehiwot Gebremedhin Tafere,&nbsp;Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash,&nbsp;Filmon Beyenne Demoz","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S263840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S263840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of dengue infection-induced acute liver damage is increasing from time to time. Since it has no specific antiviral treatment in the world, people in endemic areas suffer more from dengue disorders. Thus, there is a need for searching options for the treatment of dengue-induced acute liver failure. N-acetylcysteine, which is used for the treatment of nasal congestion disorder and paracetamol overdose toxicity, could be used as a definitive therapy for dengue virus-induced acute liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the therapeutic use of N-acetylcysteine for dengue-induced acute liver disease. Various case reports and case series showed that patients received NAC recovered from their clinical status. Additionally, a preclinical study showed that N-acetylcysteine has anti-dengue virus activity. Thus, N-acetylcysteine could be used as a definitive therapy in dengue virus-induced hepatitis. This might encourage researchers to further investigate the importance of N-acetylcysteine for dengue virus-induced hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S263840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38592834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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