Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research最新文献

{"title":"Viral Hepatitis - The Road Traveled and the Journey Remaining","authors":"Fareed Ghulam, Noval Zakaria, Muhammad Tariq Majeed, Faisal Ismail","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S352568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S352568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver and is commonly due to infection with The hepatotropic viruses – hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis carries one of the highest disease burdens globally and has caused significant morbidity and mortality among different patient populations. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic or acute flu-like illness to acute liver failure or chronic liver disease, characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly and ascites among many other signs. Eventually, this can lead to fibrosis (cirrhosis) of the liver parenchyma and carries a risk of development into hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B and C are most notorious for causing liver cirrhosis; in 2019, an estimated 296 million people worldwide had chronic hepatitis B infection and 58 million are currently estimated to have chronic hepatitis C, with 1.5 million new infections of both hepatitis B and C, occurring annually. With the help of latest serological biomarkers and viral nucleic acid amplification tests, it has become rather simple to efficiently screen, diagnose and monitor patients with hepatitis, and to commence with appropriate antiviral treatment. More importantly, the development of vaccinations against some of these viruses has greatly helped to curb the infection rates. Whilst there has been exceptional progress over the years in the management of viral hepatitis, many hurdles still remain which must be addressed in order to proceed towards a hepatitis-free world. This review will shed light on the origin and discovery of the hepatitis viruses, the global epidemiology and clinical symptoms, diagnostic modalities, currently available treatment options, the importance of prevention, and the journey needed to move forward towards the eradication of its global disease burden.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"13 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Hydromethanolic Seed Extract of Lepidium sativum L. (Fetto) on Deep-fried Palm Oil Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on Male Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"Ebsa Tofik Ahmed, Belay Zawdie, S. P. Nair, Mengistu Welde, Tigist Mateos Husen","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S350703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S350703","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent disease due to a dramatic change in dietary habits, especially an increase in consumption of fat and carbohydrates in deep-fried foods. Objective The objective was to evaluate the effect of hydromethanolic seed extract of Lepidium sativum on deep-fried palm oil diet induced NAFLDon male mice. Methods An experimental study design was conducted. Twenty-four male mice aged 8 to 10 weeks, weighing 32–42 g were divided into four groups. The four groups were divided into two controls and two treatments. Mice in normal control (C0) were administered only with the basal diet whereas negative control (C1) provided only with the deep-fried palm oil diet. The treatment groups T1, and T2 were administered with deep-fried palm oil diet and HMSELS at dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively for 28 days. Then on day 29, the mice were fasted overnight, anaesthetized and sacrificed by cervical dislocation after blood was taken by cardiac puncture for liver function tests while liver tissues were taken for histopathology investigation. Results The serum ALT and total bilirubin showed significant decrement whereas the serum albumin levels showed significant increment in T2 group. However, serum AST and ALP levels were decreased significantly in both T1 and T2 groups. Besides, the T2 group liver sections of mice were showed better effect of HMSELS on restoring the damaged liver histopathology almost toward normal. Conclusion The HMSELS at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day (T2) was more effective on the liver function tests and liver histopathology that altered by feeding deep-fried palm oil diet. The good protective effect of HMSELS against deep-fried palm oil diet-induced NAFLD might be due to its antioxidant content.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44014960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: A Short Comment [Response To Letter].","authors":"Adam Barsouk, Krishna Chaitanya Thandra, Kalyan Saginala, Prashanth Rawla","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S352746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S352746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"145-146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/39/hmer-13-145.PMC8722566.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39800006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The Prognostic Values of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Baseline in Predicting the In-Hospital Mortality in Black African Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Palliative Treatment: A Comparative Cohort Study [Erratum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S354098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S354098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/HMER.S333980.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"135-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/80/hmer-13-135.PMC8703045.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39785364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Values of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio at Baseline in Predicting the In-hospital Mortality in Black African Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Palliative Treatment: A Comparative Cohort Study.","authors":"Alassan Kouame Mahassadi,&nbsp;Henriette Anzouan-Kacou Kissi,&nbsp;Alain Koffi Attia","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S333980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S333980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic values of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting the in-hospital mortality of Black African patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in palliative treatment is unknown.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prognostic value of NLR and PLR compared with that of Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores and the Barcelona clinic liver cancer staging system (BCLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cutoffs, accuracies and association with the mortality of these prognostic scores were determined using a time-dependent area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), the log rank test and Cox proportional hazards ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 104 patients with advanced HCC (median age=49.5 years, males=58.7%) were enrolled. All were hospitalized for an enlarged liver mass of at least 15.4 cm in size in the right thoracic quadrant. Overall, 46 (44.2%) patients died in hospital during follow-up. Patients with NLR >2.5 (log rank test=7.11, <i>p</i>=0.01) or PLR >92 (log rank test=5.63, <i>p</i>=0.02) had poor survival. Factors associated with the in-hospital mortality were the MELD score (<i>p</i>=0.01), NLR (<i>p</i>=0.03) and hemoglobin level (<i>p</i>=0.02). NLR exhibits better and stable accuracy in predicting the in hospital mortality at time points of 30 (AUC=0.618), 60 (AUC=0.680) and 90 (AUC=0.613) days of follow-up, compared with CTP, MELD scores, BCLC and PLR. However, PLR displayed an enhanced accuracy over 90 days of follow up (AUC=0.688).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NLR is useful in predicting the in-hospital mortality in Black African patients with advanced stage HCC in clinical practice. NLR and PLR may be used concomitantly for long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/00/hmer-13-123.PMC8686837.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39836905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: A Short Comment [Letter].","authors":"Laraib Ghanghro","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S350076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S350076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"121-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/7c/hmer-13-121.PMC8665772.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Surgery for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Patient Selection and Special Considerations","authors":"Mackenzie Owen, E. Beal","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S319027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S319027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive primary hepatic malignancy. Unfortunately, despite advancements in diagnosis, staging and management, mortality is high. Surgery remains the only curative treatment, but many patients present with advanced, unresectable disease. For patients able to undergo surgical resection, overall survival is improved, but remains low, with high rates of disease recurrence. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including laparoscopic and robotic approaches, are increasingly used in surgical resection for ICC. These approaches variably demonstrate faster recovery times, less blood loss, decreased postoperative pain and fewer postoperative complications, with adequate oncologic resections. This review examines patient selection and special considerations for MIS for ICC. Patient selection is critical and includes evaluation of a patient’s anatomic and oncologic resectability, as well as comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"1 2","pages":"137 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41250754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis and HIV Co-infection at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital: Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Meseret Ayelign,&nbsp;Melak Aynalem,&nbsp;Nega Berhane","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S337817","DOIUrl":"10.2147/HMER.S337817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral infections are the most common diseases. Of them, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B viruses (HBV), and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are common. When HBV or HCV becomes co-morbid with HIV, they lead to severe forms of a disease and rapid death.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV among HIV-positive study participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 81 individuals, and a non-randomized purposive sampling technique was used. From each study participant, sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered by using a pretested questionnaire and data collection sheet, respectively. Further, a venous blood sample was collected for viral load count, and HBV and HCV determination. To keep the quality of test results, commercially prepared quality control samples were used. The data were entered to EPI-Info version 7 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. The descriptive data were summarized in percentages, median, and IQR. Logistic regression was analyzed to determine associated factors. To say the data were statistically significant, the <i>p</i>-values should be less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 81 study participants were included. Of them, 56.8% (46/81) and 67.9% (55/81) were female and urban residents, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis co-infection was 21% (95% CI: 17%, 23%). Further, the prevalence of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV was 13.5% (95% CI: 10.5%, 16.5%) and 8.6% (95% CI: 5.6%, 11.6%), respectively. Wise use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 0.01 (0.00, 0.213) was a preventive factor to hepatitis infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>The HBV and HCV co-infection among HIV-positive patients was a significant public health concern. Also, having wise use of HAART can reduce exposure to hepatitis co-infection. Therefore, clear strategies on hepatitis screening and wise use of HAART to HIV would be critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"113-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/8e/hmer-13-113.PMC8593689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39637278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Patients at High Risk of Developing Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension.","authors":"Stefania Gioia,&nbsp;Oliviero Riggio,&nbsp;Silvia Nardelli,&nbsp;Giulia d'Amati,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ridola","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S282674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S282674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) has been recently proposed to replace the term idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) to describe patients with or without signs of portal hypertension and typical histological lesions involving the portal venules or sinusoids in the absence of cirrhosis. According to the new definition, the presence of known causes of liver disease as well as of portal vein thrombosis does not rule out PSVD. Therefore, the patients in whom the diagnosis of PSVD is possible are much more than the patients strictly fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for INCPH. In this setting, the clinical challenge for the hepatologist is to identify patients at risk of developing PSVD and to indicate liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. We describe some possible scenarios in which PSVD should always be suspected, and we provide some tools useful to reach the diagnosis of PSVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ac/00/hmer-13-105.PMC8572743.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39701230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities for Treating Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"Nikolaos Serifis,&nbsp;Diamantis I Tsilimigras,&nbsp;Daniel J Cloonan,&nbsp;Timothy M Pawlik","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S278136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S278136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the rarest and most aggressive types of cancer. The symptoms of ICC patients can be vague, leading to late diagnosis and dismal prognosis. In this review, we investigated the treatment options for ICC, as well as ways to overcome challenges in identifying and treating this disease. Imaging remains the gold standard to diagnose ICC. Patients are staged based on the tumor, nodes and metastases (TNM) staging system. Patients eligible for surgical resection should undergo surgery with curative intent with the goal of microscopically disease-free margins (R0 resection) along with lymphadenectomy. Minimal invasive surgery (MIS) and liver transplantation have recently been offered as possible ways to improve disease outcomes. ICC recurrence is relatively common and, thus, most patients will need to be treated with systemic therapy. Several clinical trials have recently investigated the use of neoadjuvant (NT) and adjuvant therapies for ICC. NT may offer an opportunity to downsize larger tumors and provide patients, initially ineligible for surgery, with an opportunity for resection. NT may also treat occult micro-metastatic disease, as well as define tumor biology prior to surgical resection, thereby decreasing the risk for early postoperative recurrence. Adjuvant systemic therapy may improve outcomes of patients with ICC following surgery. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating new targeted therapies that hold the hope of improving long-term outcomes of patients with ICC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/27/hmer-13-93.PMC8572023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39857970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}