Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of MicroRNA-122 as a Biomarker for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and as a Predictor for Treatment Response to Direct-Acting Antivirals.","authors":"Naglaa S Elabd,&nbsp;Safaa I Tayel,&nbsp;Moamena S Elhamouly,&nbsp;Shaimaa A Hassanein,&nbsp;Samar M Kamaleldeen,&nbsp;Fatma E Ahmed,&nbsp;Mahmoud Rizk,&nbsp;Abdelnaser A Gadallah,&nbsp;Soma E Ajlan,&nbsp;Ahmed S Sief","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S292251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S292251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment response to antiviral drugs is a challenging issue in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although microRNA-122 represents the majority of the microRNA content in hepatic tissues, few studies have evaluated its role in the treatment response, so we aimed to study its role in chronic HCV patients and in predicting the treatment response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 125 chronic HCV patients (89 naïve and 36 with a prior failed peginterferon/ribavirin response) and 50 apparently healthy subjects. Complete blood count, liver function, α-fetoprotein, lipid profiles, serum creatinine, abdominal ultrasound, and FibroScan^® were assessed. Viral markers, HCV antibodies, and hepatitis B surface antigen were measured by enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay, with quantitative estimation of HCV RNA and microRNA-122 levels by real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The microRNA-122 level in HCV patients (those with a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after finishing therapy [SVR12] and non-responders) was significantly increased compared with controls and expressed more in non-responders versus SVR12 (<i>p</i>=0.042). ROC curve analysis of microRNA-122 for differentiating HCV patients from healthy controls revealed that a cut-off point of >1.45 had a sensitivity of 67.20%, specificity of 94.0%, AUC=0.861, and <i>p</i><0.001; and for predicting response to treatment a cut-off point ≤5.66 could significantly (<i>p</i>=0.022) predict the occurrence of SVR, with a sensitivity of 60.34%, specificity of 66.67%, and AUC=0.729. Logistic regression analysis showed significant values for microRNA-122 in multivariate and univariate analysis for the prediction of response to DAAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated the possible function of microRNA-122 as an indicative tool for distinguishing chronic HCV patients from controls and in the assessment of the therapeutic reaction to DAAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"9-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/18/hmer-13-9.PMC7979684.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25522856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients at Selected Hospitals, Ethiopia.","authors":"Yalew Molla,&nbsp;Muluken Wubetu,&nbsp;Bekalu Dessie","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S290542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S290542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis caused by susceptible mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is effectively treated by the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, most antibacterial drugs are known to induce hepatotoxicity which may limit their adherence and hence lead to the development of mycobacterial drug resistance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity and associated factors among tuberculosis patients of Debre Markos, Mota, and Bichena Hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective cross sectional-study was conducted in three hospitals of East Gojjam zone by taking blood samples of new tuberculosis patients every 2 weeks for 2 months to measure the elevation of liver proteins indicating liver toxicity from the onset of starting therapy. A semi-structured questionnaire was also used to collect the socio-demographic data and factors of anti-tubeculosis drug induced liver toxicity. To identify factors associated with drug induced hepatotoxicity, binary logistic regression followed by multivariate analysis was applied at a statistically significant level of <i>P</i><0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of hepatotoxicity among tuberculosis patients is 7.9%. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, having comorbid disease, and old age are significantly associated (<i>P</i><0.05) with first-line antituberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of hepatotoxicity is relatively high among tuberculosis patients taking first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, the liver function of patients with old age, comorbid diseases, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis should be regularly monitored to reduce the severity of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/8f/hmer-13-1.PMC7850419.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25329933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: An Update.","authors":"Adam Barsouk,&nbsp;Krishna Chaitanya Thandra,&nbsp;Kalyan Saginala,&nbsp;Prashanth Rawla,&nbsp;Alexander Barsouk","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S278070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S278070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary liver cancer has the sixth highest incidence and fourth highest cancer mortality worldwide. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of liver cancer, though its incidence is decreasing with vaccination. Alcohol is the leading cause of liver transplant, cirrhosis, and cancer in the developed world, and is projected to surpass hepatitis B as the leading hepatic cancer etiology worldwide. Tobacco smoking has shown a positive association with liver cancer in a majority of studies, though not all. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by <i>Aspergillus</i>, is estimated to account for 3-20% of global liver cancer cases, 40% of which occur in sub-Saharan Africa. These statistics are confounded by the prevalence of hepatitis B, which may have a synergistic effect on hepatic carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin is ingested and likely inhaled from agricultural products, placing farmers, food processors, and textile workers in developing nations at risk. Vinyl-chloride is used in the production of PVC plastics and causes rare liver angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other neoplasms. Arsenic and cadmium are naturally-occurring, hepatocarcinogenic metals with high occupational exposure in industries involving coal, metals, plastics, and batteries. Millions of laborers in waste-disposal and manufacturing are exposed to organic solvents and N-nitrosamines, which vary from carcinogenic (group 1) to possibly carcinogenic (group 2B) in their IARC designation. Insecticide DDT is possibly hepatocarcinogenic (group 2B), though continues to be used for malaria control in the developing world. While suggested by case reports, anabolic steroids and oral contraceptives have not been shown to increase liver cancer risk in large studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/0c/hmer-12-179.PMC7801911.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38820936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing of N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Dengue Virus-Induced Acute Liver Failure.","authors":"Gebrehiwot Gebremedhin Tafere,&nbsp;Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash,&nbsp;Filmon Beyenne Demoz","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S263840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S263840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of dengue infection-induced acute liver damage is increasing from time to time. Since it has no specific antiviral treatment in the world, people in endemic areas suffer more from dengue disorders. Thus, there is a need for searching options for the treatment of dengue-induced acute liver failure. N-acetylcysteine, which is used for the treatment of nasal congestion disorder and paracetamol overdose toxicity, could be used as a definitive therapy for dengue virus-induced acute liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the therapeutic use of N-acetylcysteine for dengue-induced acute liver disease. Various case reports and case series showed that patients received NAC recovered from their clinical status. Additionally, a preclinical study showed that N-acetylcysteine has anti-dengue virus activity. Thus, N-acetylcysteine could be used as a definitive therapy in dengue virus-induced hepatitis. This might encourage researchers to further investigate the importance of N-acetylcysteine for dengue virus-induced hepatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S263840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38592834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Albumin Administration is Efficacious in the Management of Patients with Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Giacomo Zaccherini,&nbsp;Manuel Tufoni,&nbsp;Mauro Bernardi","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S264231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S264231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of albumin in patients with cirrhosis has been extensively discussed over recent years. Current treatment approaches depend on targeting related complications, aiming to treat and/or prevent circulatory dysfunction, bacterial infections and multi-organ failure. Albumin has been shown to prolong survival and reduce complications in patients with cirrhosis. This review aims to ascertain whether the use of albumin is justified in patients with cirrhosis. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses evaluating albumin use in patients with cirrhosis published between 1985 and February 2020 was conducted; the quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed. In total, 45 RCTs and 10 meta-analyses were included. Based on the included evidence, albumin is superior at preventing and controlling the incidence of cirrhosis complications vs other plasma expanders. Recent studies reported that long-term albumin administration to patients with decompensated cirrhosis improves survival with a 38% reduction in the mortality hazard ratio compared with standard medical treatment alone. Albumin infusions are justified for routine use in patients with cirrhosis, and the use of albumin either alone or in combination with other treatments leads to clinical benefits. Long-term administration of albumin should be considered in some patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"153-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S264231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38672237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Getnet Teshome,&nbsp;Sintayehu Ambachew,&nbsp;Alebachew Fasil,&nbsp;Molla Abebe","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S265631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S265631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. It is believed to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Many treatment approaches have been suggested so far, and several types of studies have been done to find treatment for NAFLD, the most promising of which are those with lifestyle interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs on the management of NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, single arm trials, and cohorts that compared GLP-1 analogs with a control treatment or baseline values with respect to efficacy and safety in patients living with NAFLD. The key outcomes were a change in serum transaminase, resolution of disease status measured by imaging or histological techniques, improvement in insulin resistance, and reduction in body weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial searching retrieved 201 peer-reviewed articles and abstracts. Ten studies met all inclusion criteria. The review included a total of 590 participants with NAFLD. Following administration of GLP-1 analogs, a decrease in serum transaminases, improvement in liver histology and insulin resistance, and a reduction in body weight were observed. Compared with baseline, body weight, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were decreased by 5.5%, 59.5%, 52.8%, and 44.8%, respectively, due to GLP-1. Likewise, a reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrosis markers and an enhancement of protective adipokines were observed in some of the studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The decrease in a key biochemical marker of liver injury following treatment with GLP-1 analogs, as well as improvements in imaging and histology, suggests that these agents may be effective alternatives for managing NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>CRD42018087262.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"139-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S265631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38595572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying High-Risk NASH Patients: What We Know so Far.","authors":"Marten Schulz,&nbsp;Frank Tacke","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S265473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S265473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Steatosis is a condition of hepatic fat overload that is associated with overweight and the metabolic syndrome. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease with a global impact on healthcare. A proportion of NAFLD patients develops nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying patients at risk for potentially life-threatening complications is crucial in their prevention, surveillance and treatment. In addition to hepatic disease progression (cirrhosis, portal hypertension, HCC), NAFLD patients are also at risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as well as extrahepatic malignancies. Liver fibrosis is related to morbidity and mortality in NASH patients, and biomarkers, imaging techniques (ultrasound, elastography, MRI) as well as liver biopsy help in diagnosing fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the tools for identifying patients at risk and their reasonable application in clinical routine in order to stratify prevention and treatment of this emerging disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S265473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38525488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Cenicriviroc in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis with Fibrosis: A Brief Report on Emerging Data.","authors":"Maria Paula Diaz Soto,&nbsp;Joseph K Lim","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S230613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S230613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and represents a leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States (U.S.). A growing spectrum of novel therapies are currently in clinical development and target several mechanisms of action which address hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatic fibrosis. Cenicriviroc (Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) is a novel oral antagonist of CC-motif chemokine receptors 2 and 5 (CCR2/5) which have demonstrated expression on circulating monocytes and Kupffer cells. Preclinical models have confirmed that CCR2/5 antagonism may block fat accumulation and Kupffer cell activation and disrupt monocyte/macrophage recruitment and hepatic stellate cell activation responsible for fibrogenesis. Herein we review results from the phase 2b CENTAUR trial and study designs for the phase 2b TANDEM and phase 3 AURORA trials and discuss the potential role of cenicriviroc in future pharmacotherapy for NASH fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"115-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S230613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38343320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Intraductal MRI and T2 Mapping of Cholangiocarcinoma Using Catheter Coils.","authors":"Narong Khuntikeo, Attapol Titapun, Nittaya Chamadol, Wuttisak Boonphongsathien, Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool, Simon D Taylor-Robinson, Christopher A Wadsworth, Shuo Zhang, Evdokia M Kardoulaki, Richard R A Syms","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S266841","DOIUrl":"10.2147/HMER.S266841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Diagnostic imaging of early-stage cholangiocarcinoma is challenging. A previous in vitro study of fixed-tissue liver resection specimens investigated T2 mapping as a method of exploiting the locally increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of duodenoscope coils for improved quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), despite their non-uniform sensitivity. This work applies similar methods to unfixed liver specimens using catheter-based receivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ex vivo intraductal MRI and T2 mapping were carried out at 3T on unfixed resection specimens obtained from cholangiocarcinoma patients immediately after surgery using a catheter coil based on a thin-film magneto-inductive waveguide, inserted directly into an intrahepatic duct.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polypoid intraductal cholangiocarcinoma was imaged using fast spin-echo sequences. High-resolution T2 maps were extracted by fitting of data obtained at different echo times to mono-exponential models, and disease-induced changes were correlated with histopathology. An increase in T2 was found compared with fixed specimens and differences in T2 allowed the resolution of tumour tissue and malignant features such as polypoid morphology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite their limited field of view, useful data can be obtained using catheter coils, and T2 mapping offers an effective method of exploiting their local SNR advantage without the need for image correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38278467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Oral Administration of <i>Weissella confusa</i> on Fecal and Plasma Ethanol Concentrations, Lipids and Glucose Metabolism in Wistar Rats Fed High Fructose and Fat Diet.","authors":"Fouad M F Elshaghabee,&nbsp;Darab Ghadimi,&nbsp;Diana Habermann,&nbsp;Michael de Vrese,&nbsp;Wilhelm Bockelmann,&nbsp;Hans-Jürgen Kaatsch,&nbsp;Knut J Heller,&nbsp;Jürgen Schrezenmeir","doi":"10.2147/HMER.S254195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HMER.S254195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>In previous investigations, <i>Weissella confusa</i> was shown to lack the metabolic pathway from fructose to mannitol and to produce ethanol when cultivated in the presence of fructose. Hence, we assessed the effect of oral administration of <i>W. confusa</i> (strain NRRL-B-14171) on blood and fecal ethanol concentrations, glucose and lipid metabolism and traits of the metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats (n=27) fed diets with two different fat and fructose levels and with or without the addition of <i>W. confusa</i> during a total intervention time of 15 weeks (105 days).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From week 1 to 6, rats were given a medium fructose and fat (MFru-MF) diet containing 28% fructose and 10% fat without the addition of <i>W. confusa</i> (control group, n=13) or mixed with 30 g per kg diet of lyophilized <i>W. confusa</i> (10.56 ± 0.20 log CFU/g; <i>W. confusa</i> group, n=14). From week 7 to 15, the percentage of dietary fructose and fat in the control and <i>W. confusa</i> group was increased to 56% and 16%, respectively (high fructose-high fat (HFru-HF) diet).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In HFru-HF-fed rats, <i>W. confusa</i> was detected in feces, regardless of whether <i>W. confusa</i> was added to the diet or not, but not in rats receiving the MFru-MF diet without added <i>W. confusa</i> or in an additional control group (n=10) fed standard rat food without fructose, increased fat content and <i>W. confusa</i>. This indicates that fecal <i>W. confusa</i> may be derived from orally administered <i>W. confusa</i> as well as - in the case of high fructose and fat intake and obesity of rats - from the intestinal microbiota. As shown by multifactorial ANOVA, blood ethanol, the relative liver weight, serum triglycerides, and serum cholesterol as well as fecal ethanol, ADH, acetate, propionate and butyrate, but not lactate, were significantly higher in the <i>W. confusa -</i> compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This is the first in vivo trial demonstrating that heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria lacking the mannitol pathway (like <i>W. confusa</i>) can increase fecal and blood ethanol concentrations in mammals on a high fructose-high fat diet. This may explain why <i>W. confusa</i> resulted in hyperlipidemia and may promote development of NAFLD in the host.</p>","PeriodicalId":12917,"journal":{"name":"Hepatic Medicine : Evidence and Research","volume":"12 ","pages":"93-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/HMER.S254195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38118619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}