{"title":"T cell plasticity in systemic lupus erythematosus revealed by large-scale T cell receptor repertoire and transcriptome studies.","authors":"Yasuo Nagafuchi, Masahiro Nakano, Kaitlyn A Lagattuta, Mineto Ota, Hiroaki Hatano, Haruka Takahashi, Takahiro Itamiya, Hajime Inokuchi, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Tomohisa Okamura, Keishi Fujio, Kazuyoshi Ishigaki","doi":"10.1002/art.70218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to characterize CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell plasticity in human SLE by leveraging TCR repertoire features as markers of prior lineage states, integrating TCR and transcriptomic profiling to delineate plasticity patterns and evaluate their association with clinical disease activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire data as molecular signatures alongside a transcriptomic dataset. Using a large-scale ImmuNexUT database of autoimmune disease patients including 117 SLE cases, we quantified T cell plasticity across 13 fine-grained T cell-types. We analyzed 6,392 samples in total. We defined \"cell-type\" and \"disease\" signatures and evaluated plasticity by correlations between these signatures and by within-donor TCR clonotype overlap. Replication was performed in independent bulk and single-cell cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified two orthogonal signatures of repertoire and transcriptome, the cell-type and disease signatures, allowing us to investigate CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell plasticity comprehensively. Among all possible patterns, the strongest signal was observed between effector regulatory T cells (eTreg) and Th1 cells, and this was replicated in an independent cohort. SLE Th1 cells exhibited Treg-like TCR features and transcriptomic profiles, and eTreg showed increased clonotype sharing with Th1 compared with healthy controls. Th1 \"Tregness\" score positively correlated with SLE disease activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identifies a Treg-associated Th1 state in human SLE, consistent with Treg-to-Th1 plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges to research integrity in rheumatology: the threat of paper mills, fraud and click data science.","authors":"Tony R Merriman, Tristan Pascart, Maria I Danila","doi":"10.1002/art.70190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shlomit Kfir-Erenfeld, Shlomo Elias, Nathalie Asherie, Hadass Pri Chen, Elena Karger, Miri Assayag, Emilie Bohbot, Rim Elmikawy, Shaheen Alaa, Ahmad Bazbaz, Tal Friedman-Korn, Vered Molho-Pessach, Ada Vaknin, Sigal Grisariu, Batia Avni, Eran Zimran, Nomi Zalcman, Alaa Shehadeh, Aseel Ishtay, Tatyana Dubnikob, Shelly Regev, Rivka Alexander-Shani, Miriam Schlossberg, Shlomit Herr, Stephanie Ben-Shahan, Elina Zorde-Khevalevsky, Marina Krizhevskaya, Daphna Paran, Lior Ravkaie, Cyrille J Cohen, Hagit Peleg, Dror Mevorach, Polina Stepensky, Chamutal Gur
{"title":"B-cell Maturation Antigen Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy for Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis.","authors":"Shlomit Kfir-Erenfeld, Shlomo Elias, Nathalie Asherie, Hadass Pri Chen, Elena Karger, Miri Assayag, Emilie Bohbot, Rim Elmikawy, Shaheen Alaa, Ahmad Bazbaz, Tal Friedman-Korn, Vered Molho-Pessach, Ada Vaknin, Sigal Grisariu, Batia Avni, Eran Zimran, Nomi Zalcman, Alaa Shehadeh, Aseel Ishtay, Tatyana Dubnikob, Shelly Regev, Rivka Alexander-Shani, Miriam Schlossberg, Shlomit Herr, Stephanie Ben-Shahan, Elina Zorde-Khevalevsky, Marina Krizhevskaya, Daphna Paran, Lior Ravkaie, Cyrille J Cohen, Hagit Peleg, Dror Mevorach, Polina Stepensky, Chamutal Gur","doi":"10.1002/art.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of HBI0101, B-cell maturation antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, in patients with severe refractory systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic sclerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an ongoing phase 1 trial of HBI0101 in six patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (n=3) or systemic sclerosis (n=3). The median age was 41 years (range, 21-65), the median disease duration was 2.7 years (range, 1.1-20.5), and patients had received a median of 3.5 prior lines of immunomodulatory therapy (range, 1- 9). The median follow-up was 6 months (range, 6-9).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in two patients and was managed with supportive care. Cytokine-release syndrome occurred in five patients (grade 2 in three and grade 1 in two) and was absent in one patient. No immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome was observed. In systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI-2K decreased to 0 in two patients and to 4 in one patient. In systemic sclerosis, skin involvement improved in all three patients with reductions in modified Rodnan skin score and EUSTAR activity indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HBI0101 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and early clinical activity in patients with severe refractory systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic sclerosis, supporting further prospective evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential Confounding by Weight Loss: Comment on the article by Jorge et al.","authors":"Eylul Kizkapan, Sinem N Esatoglu, Hasan Yazici","doi":"10.1002/art.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary on: \"Ixekizumab With Tirzepatide Achieved Greater Disease Control Than Ixekizumab Alone in Adults With Psoriatic Arthritis and Overweight or Obesity: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial\".","authors":"Jacopo Ciaffi, Francesco Ursini","doi":"10.1002/art.70212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Girdwood, Jean W Liew, Ida K Haugen, Marcella F Pazzinatto, Andrea M Bruder, Nicola Dalbeth, Adam G Culvenor, Tuhina Neogi
{"title":"Gender equity in rheumatology research: global analysis of authors.","authors":"Michael Girdwood, Jean W Liew, Ida K Haugen, Marcella F Pazzinatto, Andrea M Bruder, Nicola Dalbeth, Adam G Culvenor, Tuhina Neogi","doi":"10.1002/art.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate gender representation of authors, in rheumatology research over the last decade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using metadata from original and review articles published between 2015-2024 in SCImago top 2 quartile (Q1, Q2) rheumatology journals, author gender was classified using two public databases. Geographic location of first-author affiliation was also obtained.. Analyses summarised trends by year, journal quartile and geographic region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 52,796 articles from 38 journals (19 Q1). There was parity in first authorship between women (45%) and men (43%) in Q1 but not Q2 journals (34% women,50% men). There were more men in last authorship positions (Q1: 35% women, 55% men; Q2: 27% women, 60% men). The ratio of women to men authors by article rose from 0.64 to 0.82 in Q1 journals over 10 years but was stagnant in Q2 journals (0.62 to 0.59). The percentage of total authors that were women increased slightly in Q1 journals (+4.2%) but decreased in Q2 journals (-1.8%). For first authorship, articles from all regions except Asia showed equal representation of men and women. Articles from Asia and Europe showed greatest disparity in last authorship versus other regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Representation of women in rheumatology research is equal to that of men in some areas, though a gender gap persists in last authorship, articles from lower-ranked journals, and from Asian and European institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minghua Zhan, Shiran Dong, Zhou Bai, Honglin Xu, Chaotao Hu, Lufan Fu, Ke Zhang, Mei Chen, Yulin Yuan, Jinliang Yang, Fang Wang, Fei Xiao, Xuan Zhang, Yudong Liu
{"title":"Therapeutic targeting protein kinase CK2 ameliorates lupus nephritis by modulating neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation.","authors":"Minghua Zhan, Shiran Dong, Zhou Bai, Honglin Xu, Chaotao Hu, Lufan Fu, Ke Zhang, Mei Chen, Yulin Yuan, Jinliang Yang, Fang Wang, Fei Xiao, Xuan Zhang, Yudong Liu","doi":"10.1002/art.70206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease driven by neutrophil dysregulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, with unmet therapeutic needs. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of protein kinase CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 in SLE as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CX-4945 was administered to multiple murine models, including MRL/lpr mice, imiquimod (IMQ)-induced lupus model, IMQ-induced psoriasis model, and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model. Renal function, histopathological changes, immune complex deposition, NETs formation, and inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CX-4945 significantly ameliorated renal damage in MRL/lpr and IMQ-induced lupus models, as evidenced by reduced urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), glomerular abnormalities, immune complex/complement C3 deposition, and neutrophil infiltration. SLE patients' neutrophils exhibited elevated CK2α expression and enzyme activity. Mechanistically, CX-4945 suppressed interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related pathways, induced mitochondrial metabolic rewiring, inhibited JNK/p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and modified NETs protein composition to abrogate macrophage proinflammatory responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CK2α is aberrantly upregulated in SLE neutrophils, and targeting CK2 with CX-4945 exerts therapeutic effects in SLE. These findings identify CK2 as a novel therapeutic target for SLE and support the repurposing of CX-4945 for treating neutrophil-driven inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147831350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Zhao, Yash Pershad, Alexander G Bick, Robert W Corty
{"title":"Reply to Hu et al.","authors":"Kun Zhao, Yash Pershad, Alexander G Bick, Robert W Corty","doi":"10.1002/art.70204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/art.70204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":129,"journal":{"name":"Arthritis & Rheumatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147808915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}