Journal of African Development Studies最新文献_第4页

Graduate Unemployment and Its Duration: Evidence from Selected Cities of Oromia National Regional State 大学毕业生失业及其持续时间:来自奥罗米亚民族地区州选定城市的证据

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v7i2.3109

Desalegn Shamemo, Meshesha Zewde

{"title":"Graduate Unemployment and Its Duration: Evidence from Selected Cities of Oromia National Regional State","authors":"Desalegn Shamemo, Meshesha Zewde","doi":"10.56302/jads.v7i2.3109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v7i2.3109","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, it is believed that higher education lowers the risk of unemployment. However, in developing countries including Ethiopia despite the expansion of higher education graduate unemployment has become a concern. It is threatening the stability and peace of the counties. Accordingly, the study had an objective of identifying determinantsof graduate unemployment and its duration based on data collected from 600 graduates in selected towns of Oromia National Regional State. To analyze the data, logistic regression and Weibull regression were employed. The result from the logistic regression model identified that level of education, specialization, place of residence (town), and year ofgraduation significantly affect the employability of graduates. The findings from the Weibull regression for survival analysis also showed that level of education, specialization, year of graduation, and place of residence were important in determining the duration of graduate unemployment. The result further revealed that graduates of engineering had 33.5% less hazard rate compared to graduates of natural science. Similarly, the hazard rate of level I graduates was higher than that of the other levels of graduates. These results imply the need for considering employability when opening a program and inclusion of entrepreneurship in the curriculum to make graduates innovative and forward looking.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132640949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Affecting Service Delivery Quality in Yeka Sub-City of Addis Ababa 亚的斯亚贝巴Yeka副城市服务质量影响因素

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v8i1.3098

Daba Moti

引用次数: 0

The Achilles’ Heel of Democracy and the Strength of Autocracy 民主的阿喀琉斯之踵和专制的力量

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v7i2.3107

Fikru Feleke

{"title":"The Achilles’ Heel of Democracy and the Strength of Autocracy","authors":"Fikru Feleke","doi":"10.56302/jads.v7i2.3107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v7i2.3107","url":null,"abstract":"The Western world has passed a difficult time to reach today's level of socio-economic and political development. However, their experience does not tell that at the early stages of their development they started from democracy. For developing countries, it may be from devotion to “generously help” developing countries or deliberately impede development, they advocate democracy although everything must be context sensitive. One political system cannot be fit for all countries at all times. What is important is to set a universal goal thanuniversal means. All countries at some point in time converge on values of democracy and hu man rights. But given differences in resources, institutions, history, and external influence, the way they develop, and exercisedemocracy cannot be the same. The conditions in which developing countries are determine what political regime to be applied. Both Democracy and Autocracy have their merits and demerits. We should take what is best for developing countries from these regimes. They are not oil and water that we can mix to produce the bestpolitical system. The major objective of this article is to indicate the proper balance between democracy and autocracy suitable for developing countries that are struggling to achieve development in the middle of fierce domestic and global challenges. To this end, qualitative method is employed to collect and analyze secondary data. Accordingly, the study has come up with a finding that at the early stage of development it is inevitable for developing countries to adopt a democratic authoritarian regime.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"740 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122956075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Sub Watershed Management Program on Household Livelihoods of Humbo District in Southern Ethiopia: Instrumental Variable Approach 亚流域管理方案对埃塞俄比亚南部Humbo地区家庭生计的影响:工具变量法

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v8i1.3096

Mitiku Ayele, Abebe Asele

{"title":"Impact of Sub Watershed Management Program on Household Livelihoods of Humbo District in Southern Ethiopia: Instrumental Variable Approach","authors":"Mitiku Ayele, Abebe Asele","doi":"10.56302/jads.v8i1.3096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v8i1.3096","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at assessing effect of watershed management program on livelihood of households of selected sub watersheds in Humbo District. To carry out the study objectives, from econometrics models instrumental variable (IV) method was applied from among different impact evaluation methods with the sample size of 330 households. The results of econometric estimation revealed that household age, education, adoption, consumption expenditure, material possession, extension contact, productivity of crops, upstream and downstream and employment were positively and significantly related with HHDI at 1%, 5% and 10% level of significance. To examine the validity of instrumental variables estimation, different diagnosis tests like normality tests of the model, endogeneity test, tests of weak instruments, tests of over identifying restriction, multicollinearity and heteroskedasticity were employed. After identification and testing of IV result, the 2SLS estimation was conducted for evaluating Impact. Accordingly, adoption of watershed program has positive and significant impact (31%) on HHDI of the sample households in the study area. Therefore, the result indicate that with adoption of watershed management program, household on livelihoods can improve.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133180437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Leadership Style in Accelerating Service Delivery in Municipalities in Selected Cities of Ethiopia 领导风格对加速埃塞俄比亚选定城市市政服务提供的影响

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-07-27 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v7i2.3110

Tibebu Getiye, Hasen Shafe

{"title":"The Effects of Leadership Style in Accelerating Service Delivery in Municipalities in Selected Cities of Ethiopia","authors":"Tibebu Getiye, Hasen Shafe","doi":"10.56302/jads.v7i2.3110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v7i2.3110","url":null,"abstract":"The ever-changing complex service sector environment has created a need for leaders who can meet the demands and challenges of civil service sector with a real need for improved service delivery. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leadership style in accelerating service delivery in municipalities in selected cities of Ethiopia. Structured questionnaire in the form of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) tomeasure leadership style and the perceived service delivery was employed. The study analyzed the responses from 769 sampled employees of four city administrations (Hawassa, Bahir Dar, Adama, Dire Dawa) and the collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The finding of this study shows that from transformational leadership dimensions the idealized influence attributes have the lowestmean 3.33 (Std. Dev. = 0.03) and individual consideration is the highest mean 4.46 (Std. Dev. = 0.04). With regard to transitional leadership, the highest mean score is for management by exception (passive) with a mean score of 4.10 (Std. Dev. =0.05); and the lowest mean score is for contingent reward (mean =3.41, Std. Dev. = 0.06). The regression analysis result shows that there is a significant (p-value<0.01) but weak relationship between perceivedservice delivery, leader transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership style. Overall, these threeleadership styles have a significant effect on the service delivery (P<0.05). According to the results, suggestions are proposed.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123630990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous Effects of Migration and Remittances on Migrant- Sending Agricultural Communities: The Case of Southern Ethiopia 移民和汇款对移民农业社区的异质效应:以埃塞俄比亚南部为例

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v9i1.8285

Misgina Asmelash

{"title":"Heterogeneous Effects of Migration and Remittances on Migrant- Sending Agricultural Communities: The Case of Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Misgina Asmelash","doi":"10.56302/jads.v9i1.8285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v9i1.8285","url":null,"abstract":"Using household survey data, the paper empirically evaluates the heterogeneous effects of migration and remittances on migrant-sending communities in southern Ethiopia. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was used to select sample villages from each survey area and households from each sample unit. To account for several econometric issues and consistently estimate the impacts of migration and remittances, the study adopted a three-stage least-squares method complemented with endogeneity and multicollinearity test. The findings of the paper reveal that the migration of labor out of agriculture has a significant negative effect on a household’s adoption of different agricultural technologies, as well as crop yield. By contrast, the remittances sent by migrants partially compensate for the lost-labor deficit, leading to increased use of modern agricultural inputs and crop yield. Besides, it’s observed that the adoption of different agricultural technology is invariant to the migrants’ gender. Overall, the return of migration suggests that the adoption of modern agricultural technologies and crop yield in migrant-sending communities are found to be higher after migration participation, though the impacts vary for households with different production conditions.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128438806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Land Tenure and Households’ Preferences to Ownership of Farmland in South East Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东南部当前的土地所有制和农户对农地所有权的偏好

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v9i1.8286

Teshome Beyene

{"title":"Current Land Tenure and Households’ Preferences to Ownership of Farmland in South East Ethiopia","authors":"Teshome Beyene","doi":"10.56302/jads.v9i1.8286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v9i1.8286","url":null,"abstract":"The current land policy of Ethiopia allows rural population to access farmlands. Nevertheless, households’ preference to state versus private ownership of farmland is an issue of hot debate. This study aimed at assessing the rural households’ preferences to ownership of farmlands in the dominion of the current land tenure in Ethiopia. The study followed mixed methods research design and data were generated by survey of 310 samples between May and Jun, 2019 as well as descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results indicated that the study area experienced small government land allocation, gender and age imbalanced land access with tenure insecurity. Evaluation of the current land tenure showed that 62.6% of the total respondents perceived the current land tenure is inauthentic. Indeed, 65.2% preferred to private ownership of farmland and regression model identified that sex, age, education, farmland size, number of oxen, and sharecropping-out were determinants of households’ preferences to private ownership of farmland. The study revealed that areas practicing insufficient farmland allocation face illicit farmland markets with the state ownership of farmland. Therefore, farming households should be contingent to legal rules for maintaining secured tenure arrangements. The local government offices should work in accordance with legal regulations in managing land tenure arrangements. The national government might review current land tenure ruling with state ownership of land for devising appropriate land ownership systems.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128905198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors that Perpetuate International Migration in Ethiopia: The Case of Angacha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia 使埃塞俄比亚国际移民永久化的因素:以埃塞俄比亚南部的Angacha worreda为例

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v9i1.8283

Desalegn Shamebo, Meshesha Zewde

{"title":"Factors that Perpetuate International Migration in Ethiopia: The Case of Angacha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Desalegn Shamebo, Meshesha Zewde","doi":"10.56302/jads.v9i1.8283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v9i1.8283","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, migration is a global phenomenon as interconnectedness among nations is increasing, especially among people of developing countries. Migrants are more connected to their origin than before. This opens a way for additional migration. Accordingly, this study had the objective of identifying the causes of migration by order of migrants and understanding how migration affects the conditions of sending community in migration decision making, taking the case of Angacha Woreda of Kembata Zone. To realize these objectives, data from migrants' households was collected using questionnaires and key informant interviews. The result revealed that the causes of migration depend on the order of migrants. The result from the analysis showed that for the first migrants, the push factors like poverty, shortage of land, and unemployment were the main causes of migration. In contrast, pull factors like the expectation of better life in the destination were the main causes as the order of migrants in the household increases. The result from the qualitative analysis showed migration through remittance has resulted in the perpetuation of migration as it resulted in inequality in income, housing, education, and an increase in land price. The result suggests interventions that are used to reduce migration, particularly irregular migration need to take into account factors that perpetuate migration. Also, the result further suggests the need for developing strategies that may use the remittance obtained into productive activities that can enhance employment opportunities in the migrant-sending community rather than perpetuating migration.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121456564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prisoners’ Rehabilitation as Crime Prevention: The Tale of two Prison Centers in Addis Ababa 罪犯改造作为犯罪预防:亚的斯亚贝巴两个监狱中心的故事

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v9i1.8287

Sonan Daniel

{"title":"Prisoners’ Rehabilitation as Crime Prevention: The Tale of two Prison Centers in Addis Ababa","authors":"Sonan Daniel","doi":"10.56302/jads.v9i1.8287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v9i1.8287","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrating on the rehabilitation of inmates throughout the world has demonstrated positive results in breaking the cycle of recidivism. Objective; this study aimed to evaluate the rehabilitation practices of the Center for Children in Contact with Crime and Kality correctional institutions and their implications for recidivism prevention. Self- administered questionnaires were utilized to collect quantitative data from 360 convicts. In-depth interviews were conducted with 4 social workers and psychologists. To evaluate the numerical data, descriptive-analytical approaches were applied. The results were presented using graphs, pie charts, and tables, while the qualitative results were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results show that the studied prison centers have their rehabilitation strategies. This includes involving inmates in unions, one-on-one and group counseling, sport and recreation, and vocational training, however, they are not provided based on the inmates' perceived requirements. It may be concluded that rehabilitation procedures in each detention institution are in their early stages. Despite the best efforts of the prison facilities, the study results demonstrate that adopting prisoner rehabilitation as a crime prevention approach still has a long way to go","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115802207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethiopian Direct Tax System: The Reform of 2016 and Perception of Business and Employment Income Taxpayers 埃塞俄比亚直接税制度:2016年改革及商业和就业收入纳税人的看法

Journal of African Development Studies Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.56302/jads.v9i1.8281

Amina Ahmed

{"title":"Ethiopian Direct Tax System: The Reform of 2016 and Perception of Business and Employment Income Taxpayers","authors":"Amina Ahmed","doi":"10.56302/jads.v9i1.8281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56302/jads.v9i1.8281","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to analyze the Ethiopian direct tax system focusing on the reform of the 2016 and perception of the taxpayers towards the fairness of the direct tax system. To achieve the objective of the study descriptive and inferential research design and mixed research approach was adopted. As data sources, both primary and secondary data sources were collected. Primary data was gathered from 768 employment and business income taxpayers found in Addis Ababa via a standard questionnaire. Besides, secondary data were gathered from the Ministry of Finance and economic cooperation for the period 2007/08 to 2020/2. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive data analysis tools. In order to compare the perception and the tax collection performance Mann Whitney U test and paired samples t-test test was conducted respectively. The major findings of the study show that there is a significant variation in the perception of employment and business income taxpayers on the fairness of the Ethiopian direct tax system. The employment income taxpayers didn’t believe that the current income tax system of Ethiopia is fair from the different dimensions of fairness while the business income taxpayers agreed to most of the dimensions. The paired samples t-test confirmed that the direct tax revenue shows a significant mean increment after the reform of 2016 than before at a 5% level of significance. The Ethiopian direct tax system needs a major revision or reform to enhance the contribution of business income tax revenue, rental income tax revenue, and other taxes. In addition, the tax authority is recommended to employ sound administration and control systems for the collection of domestic indirect tax.","PeriodicalId":128999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Development Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129912560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0