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The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID. 义务教育对预防COVID疫苗接种的影响。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4929
Daniel Monsees, Hendrik Schmitz
{"title":"The Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Vaccination Against COVID.","authors":"Daniel Monsees, Hendrik Schmitz","doi":"10.1002/hec.4929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the effect of education on vaccination against COVID in Germany in a sample of individuals above the age of 60. In ordinary least squares regressions, we find that, in this age group, one more year of education goes along with a 0.7 percentage point increase in the likelihood to get a COVID vaccination. In two stage least squares regressions where changes in compulsory schooling laws are used as exogenous variation for education, the effect of an additional year of education is estimated to be zero. The results hold for the compliers to the policy change which are older individuals at the lowest margin of education.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Green Cities, Healthier Children: The Effect of Expanding Urban Green Space on Body Weight for Primary School Starters. 绿色城市，健康儿童：扩大城市绿地对小学新生体重的影响
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4921
Josefine Koebe
{"title":"Green Cities, Healthier Children: The Effect of Expanding Urban Green Space on Body Weight for Primary School Starters.","authors":"Josefine Koebe","doi":"10.1002/hec.4921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The discussion on tackling childhood obesity is often centered around fostering physical activity. A potential relationship yet overlooked could run from providing the proper environment for healthy lifestyles to reduced weight problems. A unique quasi-experimental setting of transforming former airport grounds to a large urban green space allows me to apply a difference-in-differences approach within an intention-to-treat framework, comparing several weight outcomes of residential children to children living further away before and after park opening. I use new administrative data on the Berlin district level from mandatory school entrance examinations and provide robust evidence of a lower probability by 4.3% points for treated children to be overweight (BMI > 90 P.), driven entirely by girls, mainly by children from foreign cultural backgrounds and children with less childcare exposure. My results are robust to corrective methods of inference, including synthetic controls, and may open a new perspective for obesity policy action and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are E-Cigarettes Substitutes or Complements to Combustible Cigarettes Among Youths? Evidence From Canada. 电子烟是可燃香烟的替代品还是补充？来自加拿大的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4926
Hai V Nguyen, Shweta Mital
{"title":"Are E-Cigarettes Substitutes or Complements to Combustible Cigarettes Among Youths? Evidence From Canada.","authors":"Hai V Nguyen, Shweta Mital","doi":"10.1002/hec.4926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing evidence on whether e-cigarettes are substitutes or complements to combustible cigarettes is limited and mixed. We revisit this question using nationally-representative Canadian survey data over 14 years (2004-2017) and difference-in-differences methods that exploit the staggered adoption of e-cigarette Minimum Legal Age (MLA) laws in Canadian provinces between 2015 and 2017. We study the laws' effects not only on youth smoking but also on smoking initiation and cessation to shed light on the mechanisms through which these laws affect youth smoking. We find that the relationship between e-cigarette use and combustible cigarette use depends on smoking status of youths. While the MLA laws reduced smoking initiation among youth non-smokers, they made existing youth smokers less likely to quit smoking. Our results highlight the tradeoffs between lower smoking initiation and lower smoking cessation associated with policies that aim to reduce youth e-cigarette use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health Professional Shortage Area Bonus Payments and Access to Care Under Medicare. 医疗专业人员短缺地区的奖金支付和医疗保险下的医疗服务。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4924
Christopher S Brunt
{"title":"Health Professional Shortage Area Bonus Payments and Access to Care Under Medicare.","authors":"Christopher S Brunt","doi":"10.1002/hec.4924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For over 3 decades, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has provided a bonus payment for outpatient physician services provided to beneficiaries under Medicare Part B in areas designated as Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) during the previous calendar year. Despite the longstanding existence of the program, no studies have explicitly evaluated how previously established physicians practicing in areas subject to an HPSA designation respond to the bonus payments. Using 2012-2019 physician-level data with stacked event study models that control for several characteristics, including the underlying criteria used to construct HPSA scores, I find little to no statistically significant changes in access to care (as measured through total annual beneficiaries treated or services delivered to Medicare beneficiaries) in the years leading up to HPSA designation. However, once physicians become eligible for a 10% bonus payment, their annual number of beneficiaries treated and volume of services decline, consistent with recent empirical work and CMS's actuarial assumptions about how physicians respond to changes in reimbursement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentives, Health, and Retirement: Evidence From a Finnish Pension Reform. 激励、健康和退休：来自芬兰养老金改革的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4917
Joonas Ollonqvist, Kaisa Kotakorpi, Mikko Laaksonen, Pekka Martikainen, Jukka Pirttilä, Lasse Tarkiainen
{"title":"Incentives, Health, and Retirement: Evidence From a Finnish Pension Reform.","authors":"Joonas Ollonqvist, Kaisa Kotakorpi, Mikko Laaksonen, Pekka Martikainen, Jukka Pirttilä, Lasse Tarkiainen","doi":"10.1002/hec.4917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines, using exogenous variation generated by a Finnish pension reform implemented in 2005, the interplay between health and financial incentives to postpone retirement. Based on detailed administrative data on individual health and retirement behavior, we focus on whether individual reactions to incentives vary according to health status and analyze whether individuals with ill health are also able to take advantage of the potential monetary benefits of delayed retirement created by the reform. We find that on average, individuals react to the financial incentives created by the reform as expected. This result holds for most of the health-related subgroups we analyze. However, those with a long period of sickness absence are less likely to respond to changes in the financial incentives to postpone retirement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates in the USA. 美国COVID-19疫苗接种任务的动态和异质性效应
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4923
Manh-Hung Nguyen, Viet-Ngu Hoang, Son Nghiem, Lan Anh Nguyen
{"title":"The Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination Mandates in the USA.","authors":"Manh-Hung Nguyen, Viet-Ngu Hoang, Son Nghiem, Lan Anh Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/hec.4923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mandatory vaccination for COVID-19 has received intense political and ethical debates, while the literature on the causal effects of vaccination mandates on vaccination outcomes is very limited. In this study, we examine the effects of the announcement of vaccine mandates (VMs) for workers working in three sectors, including health, education, and state governments, on the uptake of first-dose and second-dose vaccination across 50 states in the United States of America. We show that VM announcements have heterogeneous effects; hence, standard two-way fixed effects and difference-in-differences estimators are biased. We present evidence for the heterogeneous treatment effects in single and two-treatment settings. In the setting of a single treatment, when treating all VM announcements equally, our results show that VM announcement was associated with an increase of 20.6% first-dose uptake from 1 July to 31 August 2021. In two-treatment settings, our results suggest that VM announcements for workers in health or state government sectors have significant causal effects on first-dose vaccination. Additionally, VM announcements do not have significant causal effects on second-dose uptake. Our results are robust to the choice of differing outcome variables and periods after controlling for state-level covariates, including COVID-19 death, unemployment, and cumulative two-dose vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142853633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public Health Insurance and Healthcare Utilisation Decisions of Young Adults. 年轻人的公共健康保险和医疗保健利用决策。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4922
Muhammad Fikru Rizal
{"title":"Public Health Insurance and Healthcare Utilisation Decisions of Young Adults.","authors":"Muhammad Fikru Rizal","doi":"10.1002/hec.4922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates the impact of a dependent coverage age-eligibility rule on young adults' health and healthcare utilisation under Indonesia's National Health Insurance (NHI) program. Employing a regression discontinuity design, analysis of the NHI administrative data documents a significant 14.6 to 20.9 percentage points drop in coverage among young adults at age 21, the age cut-off imposed by the rule. Using a large nationally representative household survey, this paper shows that the loss of insurance coverage does not change young adults' health status but markedly decreases the utilisation of outpatient care among those who are ill. Specifically, there is an abrupt 5.3 to 8.4 percentage points reduction in the probability of young adults having any outpatient visit in the past month, primarily driven by lower utilisation of primary care services. The study also finds an increased likelihood of self-treatment and the use of traditional healers, indicating a substitution effect. Further analysis shows a larger impact on those who are poor, less educated, and live in regions with higher healthcare costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnosis Related Payment for Inpatient Mental Health Care: Hospital Selection and Effects on Length of Stay. 精神卫生住院病人诊断相关支付：医院选择及对住院时间的影响
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4920
Franziska Valder, Simon Reif, Harald Tauchmann
{"title":"Diagnosis Related Payment for Inpatient Mental Health Care: Hospital Selection and Effects on Length of Stay.","authors":"Franziska Valder, Simon Reif, Harald Tauchmann","doi":"10.1002/hec.4920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study a policy introducing diagnosis related payment for inpatient mental health care in Germany with rates decreasing over length of stay. Using data on all hospital cases, we first examine which hospitals voluntarily opt into the new scheme. We show that specialized hospitals that treat more complicated cases and are reimbursed more highly under the new scheme select into it. Second, we study the effect of diagnosis related payment on length of stay. We find that diagnosis related payment is associated with large reductions in length of stay but has no effect on mortality, post-acute care, or the ambulatory sector. We argue that the reductions in length of stay are driven by the fact that diagnoses related reimbursement is higher for more complex cases and by payment decreasing over length of stay. This novel evidence contributes to a scarce literature on the role of payment systems for inpatient mental health care and provides important insights for policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aggregation Bias and Socioeconomic Gradients in Waiting Time for Hospital Admissions. 住院候诊时间的聚集偏差与社会经济梯度。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4913
Fredrik Carlsen, Tor Helge Holmås, Oddvar Kaarboe
{"title":"Aggregation Bias and Socioeconomic Gradients in Waiting Time for Hospital Admissions.","authors":"Fredrik Carlsen, Tor Helge Holmås, Oddvar Kaarboe","doi":"10.1002/hec.4913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Waiting time is a rationing mechanism that is used in publicly funded healthcare systems as a mean to ensure equal access for equal need. However, several studies suggest that individuals with higher socioeconomic status wait less. These studies typically measure patients' socioeconomic status as an aggregate measure from patients' residential area and the results are hence vulnerable for aggregation biases. We shed light on the magnitude of the aggregation bias by analyzing socioeconomic gradients in waiting times when education and income are measured on three different levels: the individual level, the population cell level, and the municipal level. Our individual level socioeconomic gradient is modest compared with the literature. When socioeconomic status is measured on an aggregate level, we observe stronger associations with socioeconomic variables and less accurate estimates. A researcher who only has access to the aggregate data runs the risk of overstating the magnitude of the socioeconomic gradients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Growth of Illicit Drug Use and Its Effects on Murder Rates. 非法药物使用的增长及其对谋杀率的影响。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4919
Sujeong Park
{"title":"The Growth of Illicit Drug Use and Its Effects on Murder Rates.","authors":"Sujeong Park","doi":"10.1002/hec.4919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After years of reductions in the rate of murder in the United States, the national murder rate has increased since 2015. The causes of this trend are generally unknown, though there is some evidence related to narcotic drugs. Arrests related to heroin and cocaine had been stable between 2010 and 2014 before a sudden increase in 2015. Likewise, the number of murders related to narcotic drugs has increased since 2013, with a jump in 2015. Increased rates of these crimes parallel recent dramatic growth in overdoses involving heroin. However, the causal relationship between the recent opioid crisis and the rise in murder rates is missing from the literature. I used OxyContin reformulation as an exogenous shock to illicit markets. OxyContin reformulation led some people who misused OxyContin to switch to illicit opioids. Previous work has shown that areas with higher rates of OxyContin misuse experienced faster growth in heroin overdoses post-reformulation. I tested whether this growth in illicit drug use caused an increase in crime. After reformulation, I find significantly greater relative increases in murder rates in states with high pre-reformulation rates of OxyContin misuse. The results support a causal link between the opioid epidemic and crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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