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Adolescent Mental Health: Impact of Introducing Earlier Compulsory School Grades 青少年心理健康：实行义务教育提前年级的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4982
Anna Linder, Ulf-G. Gerdtham, Gawain Heckley
{"title":"Adolescent Mental Health: Impact of Introducing Earlier Compulsory School Grades","authors":"Anna Linder,&nbsp;Ulf-G. Gerdtham,&nbsp;Gawain Heckley","doi":"10.1002/hec.4982","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4982","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine how the earlier introduction of compulsory school grades affects the likelihood of receiving a mental disorder diagnosis among Swedish adolescents. We exploit a school reform that shifted the introduction of grades from grade 8 to grade 6, resulting in first exposure to grading at different ages between cohorts. Our results show that girls exposed to earlier grading are more likely to be diagnosed with internalizing disorders, such as depression and anxiety, by the end of compulsory school. This effect is particularly pronounced among students with low to moderate academic achievement. We also find suggestive evidence that both girls and boys exposed to earlier grading face an increased risk of being diagnosed with alcohol-related disorders. These findings highlight that early exposure to grading may have unintended adverse effects on adolescent mental health. Education systems should acknowledge these potential risks and consider implementing complementary mental health support when revising grading policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 9","pages":"1731-1746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hec.4982","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sick of Robots-Heterogeneous Effects of Industrial Robots on Sickness Absence. 生病的机器人——工业机器人对病假缺勤的异质效应。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70010
Janis Umblijs, Kjersti Misje Østbakken
{"title":"Sick of Robots-Heterogeneous Effects of Industrial Robots on Sickness Absence.","authors":"Janis Umblijs, Kjersti Misje Østbakken","doi":"10.1002/hec.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper studies how the introduction of industrial robots affects sickness absence among workers in the manufacturing sector in Norway. We use data on the imports of industrial robots at the firm level, combined with employee-firm linked register data, to investigate the impact of robotization on the duration of sick leave (SL). We find that robotization leads to a statistically significant increase in SL duration of approximately 1.7 days. Workers in blue-collar occupations are especially negatively affected, and among this group those with routine tasks experience even higher levels of SL following robotization, with an average increase of around 5 days. We conduct additional analyses looking at different categories of diagnoses across various occupation groups and find heterogeneous effects. Our results suggest that for blue-collar and routine workers robotization leads to increased musculoskeletal SL, while we only observe an increase in injuries for STEM workers, with maintenance engineers especially negatively affected. Our findings suggest several mechanisms that differ by type of occupation, ranging from musculoskeletal diagnoses caused by repetitive strain to an increase in injuries resulting from working directly with the newly installed industrial robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Education and Mental Health in Young Adulthood: New Evidence From Genetic Markers. 青少年的教育和心理健康：来自遗传标记的新证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70012
Alex Xingbang Weng
{"title":"Education and Mental Health in Young Adulthood: New Evidence From Genetic Markers.","authors":"Alex Xingbang Weng","doi":"10.1002/hec.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents new evidence on the impact of education on depression in young adults. Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, I employ family fixed-effect regressions and an instrumental variable approach using genetic scores. I find having a college degree is associated with a reduction in depression symptoms by 0.4-0.5 standard deviations and a decrease in the probability of experiencing major depression by 8%-12%. These findings are robust when exclusion restriction assumptions of the instrument are relaxed. A college degree appears to have a stronger protective effect on mental health for LGB individuals compared to heterosexuals. I find that education could affect mental health outcomes from better labor market outcomes and improved health behaviors. These results suggest that bolstering educational attainment could be an effective way to battle the high rate of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Income and Health Care Consumption: Evidence From Mortgage Payment Shocks. 收入和医疗保健消费：来自抵押贷款支付冲击的证据。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70009
Hong Lee, Deokrye Baek, Joseph R Mason
{"title":"Income and Health Care Consumption: Evidence From Mortgage Payment Shocks.","authors":"Hong Lee, Deokrye Baek, Joseph R Mason","doi":"10.1002/hec.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the Great Recession, monetary stimulus had asymmetric impacts on mortgages with different interest rate structures, leading to a significant and unexpected reduction in mortgage payments for adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) borrowers, which in turn increased their disposable income. Leveraging this quasi-experimental setup, our analysis reveals that healthcare expenditures and medical service utilization increased in counties with a higher prevalence of ARMs. The heterogeneity between ARM and fixed-rate mortgage (FRM) borrowers, combined with the more pronounced economic decline observed in counties densely populated with ARMs, allows our study to provide conservative lower bound estimates of the effects of income shocks on household healthcare consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Citizens' Distributional Preferences for Health Care Resource Allocations: The Non-Negligible Role of Option Value. 公民医疗资源分配偏好：选择权价值的不可忽视作用。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70006
Lise Desireé Hansen, Trine Kjær, Dorte Gyrd-Hansen
{"title":"The Citizens' Distributional Preferences for Health Care Resource Allocations: The Non-Negligible Role of Option Value.","authors":"Lise Desireé Hansen, Trine Kjær, Dorte Gyrd-Hansen","doi":"10.1002/hec.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stated preference literature on equity in health aims to enhance our understanding of the public's preferences for allocation of health resources to promote fairness and justice in the distribution of healthcare. This paper explores how different elicitation approaches impact on the elicited distributional preferences in the context of health. We randomly allocated respondents to one of two elicitation approaches: the ex post social decision maker perspective and the private ex ante insurance perspective. Respondents were asked to make choices between healthcare resource allocation distributions that follow different priority rules regarding maximization and equality. We find that preferences differ across the two approaches with the health maximization objective receiving less support under the ex ante perspective. The contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that option value, in addition to inequality aversion, provides an important argument for average citizens' distributional preferences, and that both sets of preferences may represent important inputs to policy making.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Comparisons and Adolescent Body Misperception: Evidence From School Entry Cutoffs 社会比较与青少年身体误解：来自入学门槛的证据。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4980
Christopher S. Carpenter, Brandyn F. Churchill
{"title":"Social Comparisons and Adolescent Body Misperception: Evidence From School Entry Cutoffs","authors":"Christopher S. Carpenter,&nbsp;Brandyn F. Churchill","doi":"10.1002/hec.4980","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.4980","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide novel evidence on the role of social comparisons in shaping adolescent body misperception. Using an instrumental variables approach leveraging variation in relative age generated by school entry cutoff months and data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study, we show that relatively younger students are more likely to describe their bodies as lighter than the clinically relevant BMI category implied by their reported heights and weights compared to their same-age counterparts who are relatively older within their respective classrooms. This result is driven by relatively younger students who are classified as normal weight for their age describing themselves as “too thin.” We then show that relatively younger students are more likely to desire to gain weight, consume more calorie-dense foods, and report lower levels of physical activity. Overall, our results suggest that relatively younger students base their weight-related expectations and behaviors on their older peers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":"34 9","pages":"1691-1730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deploying Differential Distance as an Instrumental Variable: Alternative Forms, Estimators, and Specifications. 将差分距离作为工具变量：替代形式、估计器和规格。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70003
Donghoon Lee, Anirban Basu
{"title":"Deploying Differential Distance as an Instrumental Variable: Alternative Forms, Estimators, and Specifications.","authors":"Donghoon Lee, Anirban Basu","doi":"10.1002/hec.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite well-established econometric theory, less attention is paid to the type of treatment effects being estimated using alternate instrumental variable (IV) approaches and the support for IV in the health literature. We illustrate this case using a commonly used IV-differential distance (DD). We summarize the literature and find that DD was used as an IV in various forms and approaches in the literature, leading to the estimation of different identified parameters, which were not always explained. We illustrate the sources of these differences using theoretical reasoning and a case study to evaluate the causal effects of going to a for-profit (FP) hospital versus a not-for-profit (NFP) hospital on the total cost of psychiatric inpatient stay. We find that estimates of treatment effects differ considerably when using two-stage least squares with binary versus continuous DD. In contrast, two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) approaches using binary or continuous DD yield similar estimates of the treatment effects when we adequately model the control function. Both the 2SRI estimates are close to the average treatment effect estimate generated by local IV approaches, which can illustrate the extent of selection into FP versus NFP hospitals through marginal treatment effect heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Simple Measure of Catastrophic Health Expenditures. 灾难性医疗支出的简单衡量。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70007
Tomson Ogwang, Germano Mwabu
{"title":"A Simple Measure of Catastrophic Health Expenditures.","authors":"Tomson Ogwang, Germano Mwabu","doi":"10.1002/hec.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we propose a simple Watts-type measure of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) which is an adaptation of the classic Watts poverty measure. The appeal of the proposed measure stems from the fact that it is both additively decomposable (i.e., it provides information on the contributions of the various population subgroups of interest, e.g., as categorized by gender, race, region, etc., to the overall level of CHE), and multiplicatively decomposable (i.e., it enables identification of three key drivers of CHE, namely, CHE incidence, CHE intensity and CHE inequality). We also describe how the Watts-type CHE measure can be estimated and additively decomposed using the widely available ordinary least squares regression packages. The empirical example provided shows the policy value of the Watts-type CHE measure, which makes it a useful supplement to the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke type measures of CHE recently proposed by Ogwang and Mwabu. Temporal dynamics in the Watts-type CHE measures are also introduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Health Shocks on Adult Children's Labor Market Outcomes and Well-Being. 健康冲击对成年子女劳动力市场结果和福祉的影响。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70005
Eduardo Ramirez Lizardi, Elisabeth Fevang, Knut Røed, Henning Øien
{"title":"Effects of Health Shocks on Adult Children's Labor Market Outcomes and Well-Being.","authors":"Eduardo Ramirez Lizardi, Elisabeth Fevang, Knut Røed, Henning Øien","doi":"10.1002/hec.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using Norwegian administrative register data, we assess the impact of unexpected health shocks hitting lone parents on offspring's labor market outcomes and well-being. We use first-time hip fractures or strokes as indicators of parental health shocks and estimate both the overall effects and the heterogeneous impacts by the survival time of the affected parent. We identify small, but significant, immediate responses in terms of an increase in physician-certified sickness absences and a higher risk of diagnosed mental disorders. The short-term effects are larger for offspring whose parents die shortly after the shock. Most of the effects fade out quickly, and the negative impacts on subsequent employment and earnings are small and only borderline statistically significant. In general, our results suggest that the responses to the deteriorating health of a parent tend to be short-lived and mostly manifest as temporary absences from work rather than complete detachment from the labor market.</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heterogenous Mental Health Impacts of a Forced Relocation: The Red Zone in Christchurch (New Zealand). 强迫搬迁对异质心理健康的影响：基督城红区（新西兰）。
IF 2 3区 医学
Health economics Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1002/hec.70004
Thoa Hoang, Ilan Noy, Thinh Le Van
{"title":"Heterogenous Mental Health Impacts of a Forced Relocation: The Red Zone in Christchurch (New Zealand).","authors":"Thoa Hoang, Ilan Noy, Thinh Le Van","doi":"10.1002/hec.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hec.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People are sometimes forced to move, and it is plausible that such relocation involves significant psychological costs. The challenge in identifying the mental health consequences of moving is that most moves are (at least partly) voluntary so that the sample of movers is self-selected. We focus on a natural experiment, the government-mandated relocation of some households after all households experienced an exogenous shock. We use this experiment to identify the causal impact of moving on people's mental health, distinguishing between less severe and more severe health conditions, and between individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions and those without. The event we focus on is the 2011 Christchurch (New Zealand) earthquake, and the consequent decision of the government to relocate about 8000 households from some of the earthquake-affected areas. We use a comprehensive administrative dataset that includes health records with information on hospital attendance, specialist services, and prescribed medications for (almost) every resident in the city and compare the relocated individuals to those who lived elsewhere in the earthquake-damaged city. We examine both the likelihood of receiving mental health treatment (the extensive margin), and the intensity of treatment, measured by the number of visits to a clinic or hospital (the intensive margin). We find a statistically significant increase in the likelihood and frequency of receiving treatment for moderate mental health problems among individuals compelled to relocate, when compared to other residents of the earthquake-affected city who were allowed to remain in situ. This increase persisted to December 2013 for everyone, and remained significant for the elderly to the end of 2018. We found no such increase in health care utilisation for more severe mental health symptoms that required more acute interventions (in clinics or hospitals).</p>","PeriodicalId":12847,"journal":{"name":"Health economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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