GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the effects of nanoparticles-based antiepileptic drugs: Systematic review of in vivo studies","authors":"Husnul Khotimah, Fathina Zahrani Rahmaniar, Fatimah Az Zahra, Rabjhany Anaqah, Shahdevi Nandar Kurniawan, Masruroh Rahayu, Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0099","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Resistance and side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) pose a challenge in epilepsy therapy due to the limited drug bioavailability in penetrating the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles can be one solution by encapsulating AEDs to enhance drug distribution to target cells. This study systematically assesses 1) the characteristics of nanoparticles, and 2) the potential of nanoparticle AEDs in managing seizures in experimental animal models. Methods: This systematic literature review is limited to studies published between 2013 and July 2023 in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria encompass studies involving animal models of epilepsy, that exploring nanoparticle-based of AEDs. These studies compare the characteristics of nanoparticles and their antiepileptic efficacy with non-nanoparticle groups. Review articles, publications in non-English languages, and ongoing studies without published results are excluded. Result and Discussion: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this research. All studies utilized nanoparticles (n = 14). Lipid nanoparticles have a more compact size than any other nanoparticle, while the combination preparation method has an optimal nanoparticle formation in both lipid and polymeric nanoparticles. In animal model results indicated that nanoparticle-based drugs were beneficial in reducing seizure scores, improving seizure onset latency, and providing neuroprotective effects. Conclusion: The characteristics of nanoparticle drug delivery varied, influenced by formulation factors and preparation methods. Nanoparticle-based AEDs exhibit higher efficacy compared to conventional AEDs. All studies included present an opportunity for the development of epilepsy therapies, although future studies are needed to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"37 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of heavy metals in some desert plants south of Basra province, Iraq","authors":"Moataz H. Othman","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0075","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes heavy metal concentrations in desert plants from two sites in Basra Province, Iraq, providing vital insights into environmental contamination. Heavy metals were examined across the sites to understand variability. Cadmium showed consistent levels while cobalt exhibited moderate differences, indicating uneven distribution. Manganese was prevalent but highly variable. Nickel remained stable. Lead demonstrated consistent concentrations and zinc showed substantial presence and variability. These findings inform environmental assessments and management approaches. Variability between sites and plant species highlights the influences of local factors and physiological traits. Erodium glaucophyllum, Diplotaxis harra, and Astragalus spinosa displayed distinct accumulation capacities. Soil characteristics also differed, elucidating ecological dynamics. This research advances the understanding of heavy metal accumulation patterns in Iraqi desert flora, aiding strategies for conservation and contamination mitigation.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential health and environmental benefits of the identified phytochemicals screening of (Azadirachta indica) neem leaves in Bauchi Metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria","authors":"Olayiwola Bolaji, Yisa Adeniyi Abolade, Sarah Aduwa, Amarachukwu Bernaldine Isiaka, Olamide Durodola, Abidemi Adeoye, Tola Ojemai Adeoye, Adeyemi Adeesan Bamidele, Bertha Onyenachi Akagbue, Mu’awiya Baba Aminu, Tasha Siame","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0037","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical screening of (Azadirachta indica) Neem leaf extract was conducted to identify and quantify the presence of bioactive compounds. The study conducted various tests to assess the phytochemical components. About 1kg of matured fresh leaves of (Azadirachta indica) neem was collected from five (5) different location in Bauchi metropolis, these locations are; Kobi Street, Gida Dubu, Yelwan Tudu, Wuntin dada and Federal Low-cost areas in Bauchi metropolis, Bauchi State, Nigeria. The leaves of the plant, which were ground into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle. An ethylacetate solvent was used to derive the A. indica leaf extract. The results of the research shows that the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, and cardiac glycosides in the neem leaf extract is significant, and flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids were not detected in the neem leaf extract. The presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, and cardiac glycosides suggests that neem leaves may hold promise in traditional and contemporary medicinal practices. Alkaloids, known for their pharmacological significance, may contribute to the plant's therapeutic properties. Saponins, with their frothing and foaming characteristics, have been associated with immunomodulatory effects and their potential in agrochemical applications. Phenolic compounds, as evidenced by the positive response to the Ferric chloride test, indicate the antioxidant potential of neem leaves, which can combat oxidative stress. Conversely, the absence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids suggests that these specific phytochemical classes may be limited in neem leaves. These findings open avenues for further research and utilization of neem as a valuable natural resource.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis on generic product vs branded product of prednisolone tablet","authors":"SANDHIYA J, BALAMURUGAN K","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0089","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim and objective of present research work is to evaluate and compare the standard concerning quality of generic and branded anti-inflammatory drug. The drug are evaluated and research showed that branded and generic meet the Pharmacopoeial specification. All tablet passed for the test of weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration, dissolution as per pharmacopeia. Hence, we can say that branded and nonbranded drugs of anti-inflammatory are equal. So, healthcare professionals are suggested to prescribe generic drugs so that everyone can reach the cost of drugs and maintain health.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"58 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and zoonotic diseases: a conceptual framework for predicting and managing health risks in the USA","authors":"Olumuyiwa Tolulope Ojeyinka, Toritsemogba Tosanbami Omaghomi","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0084","url":null,"abstract":"The executive summary will provide a concise overview of the conceptual framework aimed at understanding the relationship between climate change and zoonotic diseases in the USA. It will highlight the significance of addressing this issue, the objectives of the framework, expected outcomes, and the proposed methodology for research and implementation. It encapsulates the essence of the proposed framework, highlighting its significance, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. Climate change poses a significant threat to public health, exacerbating the emergence and transmission of zoonotic diseases across the USA. This executive summary underscores the critical need for a proactive approach to understanding and managing the complex interplay between climate change and zoonotic diseases to safeguard the health of communities. The framework aims to address this pressing issue by elucidating the mechanisms through which climate change influences the dynamics of zoonotic diseases. By integrating multidisciplinary research, predictive modeling, and public health strategies, the framework seeks to enhance the nation's capacity to predict, prevent, and mitigate the health risks associated with climate change-driven zoonotic diseases. Key objectives of the framework include developing predictive models to identify high-risk areas and vulnerable populations, elucidating the pathways of disease transmission, and proposing evidence-based interventions to mitigate health risks. By fostering collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and public health practitioners, the framework aims to translate research findings into actionable strategies and policies that protect public health and promote resilience in the face of climate change. Expected outcomes of the framework include improved understanding of the complex relationship between climate change and zoonotic diseases, enhanced surveillance and early warning systems, and informed decision-making to guide public health interventions. Ultimately, the framework seeks to empower communities and decision-makers with the knowledge and tools needed to adapt to changing environmental conditions and mitigate the health impacts of zoonotic diseases in the USA.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ayurvedic intervention with Pachana Aushadhi and Lekhan Basti in Obesity: A case study","authors":"Patil Ankita, Paradkar Hemant, Pal Subodh, Singh Nikita, Pathrikar Anaya","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.3.0088","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, the prevalence of lifestyle disorders has surged, exacerbated by sedentary habits and increased stress, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to a substantial rise in cases of Sthaulya, affecting approximately one-third of the global population with overweight or obese. Obesity, a complex and multifaceted disease, has tripled in global prevalence since 1980, impacting diverse age groups, genders, and socio-economic strata. Although rates have plateaued in some developed nations, the consequences of obesity extend beyond physical appearance, causing both physical and mental harm and significantly affecting overall quality of life. Furthermore, obesity serves as a precursor to various secondary health conditions, including but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia, and more. Ayurveda classifies Athisthaulya as one of the eight undesirable conditions under Ashtanindita purusha. It arises from the vitiation of Kapha dosha, Vata dosha, and Medo dhatu, aligning with the contemporary understanding of obesity as a chronic metabolic disorder. Ayurveda's holistic approach, incorporating Pachana chikitsa and Lekhana basti, shows promise in managing Sthaulya. This case study involves a 52-year-old female patient with a weight of 112 kg and a BMI of 41.1. Over 30 days, the patient underwent a comprehensive Ayurvedic management plan, including Pachana aushadhi for 7 days and Lekhana basti for 21 days. The outcome demonstrated a significant weight loss of 11 kg, reducing her weight to 101 kg. and achieving a BMI of 37.1 without complications. This case underscores the potential of Ayurvedic interventions in addressing the challenges of obesity.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"48 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on forecasting medication demand and supply in public pharmaceutical systems: A systematic review","authors":"Tangi Ndakondja Angula, Abraham Dongo","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0071","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Effectively managing drug demand and supply through pharmaceutical quantification is critical as it ensures that medications are readily available when needed while reducing costs, optimizing inventory management, and ultimately improving patient care. This research aimed to examine the existing literature on the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) on predicting pharmaceutical demand in public systems. This review focused specifically on the accuracy of these methods, their limitations, and the ethical concerns associated with their use. Methods: The research used PubMed and Google Scholar databases, following PRISMA principles, and yielded 13 peer-reviewed articles. The quality of the included studies was assessed for potential bias using established standard criteria, the Cochrane Risk of Bias Checklist Tool for systematic reviews of intervention. Results: The results show that linear regression and random forest are the predominant models for predicting medication quantities in hospital pharmacies. However, the precision of these models can be affected by data entry inaccuracies and fluctuations. The study identified technical, human, and organizational obstacles as barriers to adoption, as well as problems related to privacy and confidentiality. Conclusion: The use of AI and ML can estimate the demand and supply of medicine in public pharmaceutical delivery systems. The results highlight the importance of further study to improve forecasting algorithm simulation accuracy, broaden single time-series projections to incorporate additional patient-associated factors and investigate various efficiency measures.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"232 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal content of selected readily available commercial medicinal plants in Jos Plateau and their potential human health risk","authors":"Simon Gabriel Mafulul, Enoch Banbilbwa Joel, John Gushit","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0056","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined the level of heavy metal contamination in selected medicinal plants sold in Jos Metropolis and assesses the health risks associated with their consumption. Five commonly used medicinal plants (Annona senegalensis, Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Vernonia amygdalina, and Vitex donniana) were analyzed for the presence of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) respectively using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result showed that the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Mn, and Zn in all the plants and Pb levels in two plants, V. amygdalina and V. donniana were significantly higher than the WHO recommended limits, indicating a potential health hazard. The calculated values of the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR) for the heavy metals exceed the acceptable levels for both adults and children, suggesting a high vulnerability to heavy metal toxicity and carcinogenicity with the highest and lowest HI values obtained by V. amygdalina (47.3) for children and P. guajava (9.63) for adults. The CR associated with Ni and As for adults and children indicated high carcinogenic risk. In contrast, the CR values for Cd and Pb for adults and children indicated a moderate CR. Based on the results and risk assessment provided by this study, the consumption of medicinal plants suggests a high vulnerability to heavy metal toxicity. It can be concluded that the consumption of medicinal plants poses a serious threat to human health due to heavy metal contamination and calls for implementing preventive measures and risk communication among users of these products to safeguard the health of the residents.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140419331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on solubility enhancement technique for pharmaceutical drugs","authors":"Vaishnavi B. Borgaonkar, Chetan M. Jain, Amit R. Jaiswal, Poonam Irache, Achal H. Yelane, Hanuman P. Tattu","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0069","url":null,"abstract":"Solubility, a critical parameter governing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical compounds, often poses a significant challenge in drug development. This review article offers a thorough examination of several methods used to improve the solubility of medications that have low solubility, in order to overcome their limits. The discussion encompasses both conventional and emerging strategies, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. The study examines conventional methods such as particle size reduction, solid dispersion, and cosolvency, focusing on their historical importance and extensive use. Advances in nanotechnology, including nanosuspensions, nanocrystals, and lipid-based nanocarriers, are discussed for their potential to revolutionize solubility enhancement through improved drug delivery systems. An essential determinant in achieving optimal medication dosage absorption into the circulatory system is the demonstration of a pharmacological action is directly linked to the solubility of a substance. The primary challenge in formulating the new medicinal chemical is its limited water solubility. Medications with low solubility in water need large doses in order to achieve their highest effective concentration in the bloodstream when taken orally. The biopharmaceutical categorization system (BCS) classifies substances according to their solubility and permeability. Regulatory agencies and health organizations have used this categorization approach to validate bioequivalence for chemicals that are both highly soluble and very permeable by using dissolution as a form of confirmation. Medications that have a poor capacity to dissolve in water have a slow pace of breaking down, which results in a reduction in the amount of the medication that may be absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally.","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of innovative biostimulants for growth and quality improvement in vegetable and ornamental crops","authors":"Domenico Prisa","doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2024.26.2.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective: This research aims to evaluate the biostimulant potential of some innovative products that can improve germination, growth and protection from biotic stresses on some vegetable and ornamental species. Materials and Methods: The experiments, which started in October 2022, were conducted in the CREA-OF greenhouses in Pescia (Pt), on Cichorium intybus and Crassula rupestris plants. The experimental groups were: i) group control, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate; ii) biofertiliser Ecklonia maxima, dilution 1:1000, 5 ml of this dilution once a week per plant; iii) Elixir lite, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilised; iv) Immuno pro group, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilised; Harvest boost group, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilised. On 23 January 2024, plant height, number of leaves, vegetative weight, root volume and length, number of microorganisms and pH of the substrate were determined. In addition, the mortality of the plants in the nursery was assessed. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of biostimulants can significantly improve the vegetative and root growth of Cichorium intybus and Crassula rupestris plants. In general, a significant increase in plant height, vegetative and root weight and root length was observed, particularly in the Elixir lite treatment. There was also a significant increase in the microbial colonisation of the substrate with all innovative biostimulant treatments, while the pH remained practically unchanged. The Immuno pro treatment was the best in terms of reducing plant mortality in all two plant species. Biostimulants are widely used in horticulture because we often work with short-cycle crops, varying from a few weeks to a few months. The rapid succession of different crops implies a constant supply of nutrients and intensive use of soil. More intensive horticulture in particular often benefits from the effect of biostimulant treatments due to the increased resource use efficiency of the crops. Foliar biostimulants are mainly used by farmers to increase the production of both leaf and fruit vegetable crops. The positive effects of their use are exerted both on increasing the content of secondary metabolites and on a general improvement of nutrient uptake efficiency. These biological effects can be attributed to the presence in biostimulants of polysaccharides, extracted from algae, such as alginates and carrageenan, which are responsible for two important biological actions: sequestering or slowly releasing nutrients. In fruit vegetables, biostimulants can also improve the homogeneity of flowering and fruit size, as reported for peppers. Commercial biostimulants have increased the unit yield of many leafy vegetable species by acting on nutrient uptake by the plant. Conclusions: In horticultural production, in open field and in protected crops, the application of biostimulants is aimed at achiev","PeriodicalId":12808,"journal":{"name":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"110 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}