Archiv der Pharmazie最新文献

{"title":"Deoxyvasicinone hybrids in the management of Alzheimer's disease: Recent advances on manmade derivatives, pharmacological activities, and structure-activity relationship.","authors":"Ankur Gaur, Yash Pal Singh, Rajiv Sharma, Neeraj Bainsal","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400742","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurological illness that affects over 80% of aged adults globally in cases of dementia. Although the exact pathophysiological causes of AD remain unclear, its pathogenesis is primarily driven by several distinct biochemical alterations: (i) the accumulation of toxic Aβ plaques, (ii) the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, (iii) oxidative stress resulting in cell death, and (iv) an imbalance between the two main neurotransmitters, glutamate and acetylcholine (ACh). Currently, there are very few medications available and no treatment. Presently marketed medications include memantine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonist, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors: rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine. Unfortunately, these medications are only useful in the initial stages of AD. The mentioned medications only provide symptomatic relief and do not slow down the disease progression in the advanced stages. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potential candidates to treat AD, symptomatically and therapeutically. Many research groups focus on natural products due to their diverse therapeutic profiles and easy availability. One such natural product is deoxyvasicinone, isolated from Adhatoda vasica. Given its broad pharmacological profile, various researchers have developed semisynthetic hybrids of deoxyvasicinone to address multifaceted diseases like AD. In this review article, we tried to summarize the semisynthetic hybrids of deoxyvasicinone developed over the past decade (2014-2024) for managing AD. We focus on their design, pharmacological activity, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis. We hope this review enhances the reader's understanding of future exploratory options for deoxyvasicinone hybrids in AD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":"e2400742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin and doxorubicin encapsulated in biocompatible clay-based nanomaterial: A strategy to overcome multidrug resistance.","authors":"Paola Poma, Marina Massaro, Salvatrice Rigogliuso, Lucia Condorelli, Rita Sánchez-Espejo, César Viseras, Monica Notarbartolo, Serena Riela","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400702","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug resistance (MDR) due to the overexpression of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump remains a significant challenge in cancer therapy, also in breast cancer. Traditional pharmacological approaches have focused on using inhibitors to modulate P-gp expression and function. Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa L., is one of the most extensively studied natural compounds with the potential as an effective P-gp inhibitor. Despite its promising attributes, the clinical application of P-gp inhibitors is complicated by P-gp's presence in healthy cells, such as those in the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier, which can lead to increased toxicity. To address these challenges, we developed a novel multifunctional nanomaterial by covalently bonding halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with hectorite (Ht) and loading it with curcumin and doxorubicin. The efficacy of the co-delivery of curcumin and doxorubicin by HNTs-Ht nanomaterial was evaluated by cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7R cells, both in two-dimensional (2D) and in three-dimensional (3D) models. The obtained data show that curcumin causes increased doxorubicin accumulation by acting as a substrate for P-gp transport and as a stimulator of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent drug efflux transporter on a doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell line. The results suggest that the HNTs-Ht nanomaterial could provide a promising approach to improve chemotherapy effectiveness by overcoming MDR and enhancing treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":"e2400702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11671670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phthalimide derivatives as a new class of papain-like protease inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Thomas Fischer, David Frasson, Martin Sievers, Rainer Riedl","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400714","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro) represents one of only two essential cysteine proteases involved in the regulation of viral replication. It, therefore, qualifies as a promising therapeutic target for the development of antiviral agents. We identified a previously synthesized protease inhibitor, resulting from an earlier project, as a PLpro inhibitor and crafted a structure-activity relationship around the hit, leading to the more potent inhibitors ZHAWOC6941 (17h) and ZHAWOC25153 (17o) displaying IC₅₀ values of 8 and 7 µM, respectively. The two compounds represent a new class of PLpro inhibitors and, with single-digit micromolar IC₅₀ values, are comparable to inhibitors found in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":" ","pages":"e2400714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current landscape of 1,2,3-triazole-(fused) six-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring hybrids with anticancer therapeutic potential.","authors":"Zhi Xu, Rongqiang Li, Zhiwei Huang, Yafei Zhuang","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.202400873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells potentially influencing almost all tissues in the body, is one of the most devastating and lethal diseases throughout the world. Chemotherapy is one of the principal approaches for cancer treatment, but multidrug resistance and severe side effects represent the main barriers to the success of therapy, creating a vital need to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents. The 1,2,3-triazole moiety can be conveniently constructed by \"click chemistry\" and could exert diverse noncovalent interactions with various enzymes in cancer cells. Hence, 1,2,3-triazole is one of the most fascinating anticancer pharmacophores. Moreover, 1,2,3-triazole could also serve as a powerful ligation tool for the complex molecular architectures to increase the anticancer efficacy of lead molecules. Notably, 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids with intriguing structural variations could target different biological components in cancer cells simultaneously, highlighting their potential in the treatment and eradication of cancer. This review outlines the current landscape of 1,2,3-triazole-(fused) six-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring hybrids, inclusive of 1,2,3-triazole-quinazolines, 1,2,3-triazole-quinazolinones, 1,2,3-triazole-quinolines, 1,2,3-triazole-quinolones, 1,2,3-triazole-pyridines, and 1,2,3-triazole-pyrimidines, with anticancer therapeutic potential, and explores their mechanisms of action, critical aspects of design as well as structure-activity relationships (SARs), covering articles published from 2021 to the present, to pave the way for the development of innovative and efficient therapeutic interventions for cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":"e2400873"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piperazine-based P2X4 receptor antagonists.","authors":"Katharina Sophie Erlitz, Alena I Siutkina, Ann-Kathrin Prinz, Oliver Koch, Dmitrii V Kalinin, Anna Junker","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400860","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a ligand-gated ion channel activated by ATP, plays a critical role in neuroinflammation, chronic pain, and cancer progression, making it a promising therapeutic target. In this study, we explored the design and synthesis of piperazine-based P2X4R antagonists, building on the structural framework of paroxetine. A series of over 35 compounds were synthesized to investigate structure-activity relationships (SARs) in a Ca²⁺-flux assay for P2X4R antagonistic activity. Several compounds outperformed paroxetine in terms of antagonistic P2X4R potency. Further studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion properties revealed that increased lipophilicity often correlated with high plasma protein binding and decreased metabolic stability, particularly in compounds with a naphthalene-2-yloxy group. Although promising SARs were observed, further optimization is needed to enhance antagonistic P2X4R receptor activity. This work provides important insights into the development of piperazine-based P2X4R antagonists and lays the foundation for future therapeutic advancements targeting P2X4R-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":"e2400860"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11686045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-methyl-2-carboxamidepyrrole-based novel dual mPGES-1/sEH inhibitors as promising anticancer candidates","authors":"Ester Colarusso,&nbsp;Gianluigi Lauro,&nbsp;Marianna Potenza,&nbsp;Paola Galatello,&nbsp;Maria Luisa d'Aulisio Garigliota,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Ferraro,&nbsp;Marialuisa Piccolo,&nbsp;Maria Giovanna Chini,&nbsp;Carlo Irace,&nbsp;Pietro Campiglia,&nbsp;Robert Klaus Hoffstetter,&nbsp;Oliver Werz,&nbsp;Anna Ramunno,&nbsp;Giuseppe Bifulco","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400708","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400708","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Inhibiting microsomal prostaglandin E₂ synthase-1 (mPGES-1), an inducible enzyme involved in prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) biosynthesis and tumor microenvironment (TME) homeostasis, is a valuable strategy for treating inflammation and cancer. In this work, 5-methylcarboxamidepyrrole-based molecules were designed and synthesized as new compounds targeting mPGES-1. Remarkably, compounds <b>1f</b>, <b>2b</b>, <b>2c</b>, and <b>2d</b> were able to significantly reduce the activity of the isolated enzyme, showing IC₅₀ values in the low micromolar range. With the aim of further profiling the synthesized molecules, their ability to interfere with the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), whose inhibition blocks the loss of the anti-inflammatory mediators epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs or epoxyicosatrienoic acids), was investigated in silico and by employing specific biological assays. Among the set of tested compounds, <b>1f</b>, <b>2b</b>, <b>2c</b>, and <b>2d</b> emerged as mPGES-1/sEH dual inhibitors. Moreover, given that overexpression of mPGES-1 has been observed in many human tumors, we finally explored the biological effect of our compounds in an in vitro model of human colorectal cancer (CRC). The obtained outcomes pave the way for future investigation to optimize and further characterize anticancer pharmacological profile of the carboxamidepyrrole-based molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ardp.202400708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring aliphatic sulfonamides as multiclass inhibitors of the carbonic anhydrases from the pathogen bacterium Vibrio cholerae","authors":"Niccolò Paoletti,&nbsp;Simone Giovannuzzi,&nbsp;Alessandro Bonardi,&nbsp;Viviana De Luca,&nbsp;Clemente Capasso,&nbsp;Alessio Nocentini,&nbsp;Paola Gratteri,&nbsp;Claudiu T. Supuran","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400814","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400814","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates aliphatic sulfonamide derivatives as inhibitors of the α-, β-, and γ-class carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms from <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (VchCAs). A series of 26 compounds bearing a triazole linker and urea- or ether-based tails were described and evaluated for their inhibitory action using a stopped-flow CO₂ hydrase technique. These inhibitors demonstrated a preferential efficacy against VchCAβ. Specifically, the ureido derivatives showed the highest inhibitory potency with inhibition constants (<i>K</i>_Is) in the submicromolar range (0.67–0.93 µM). Selectivity indices were calculated to assess the selective inhibition of VchCAβ over human CA I and II, as well as other VchCA isozymes. Urea-linked compounds demonstrated a significant 25- to 125-fold selectivity for VchCAβ over hCAs and 14- to 26-fold over other VchCAs. Molecular modeling elucidated the interactions contributing to the efficacy and selectivity of aliphatic sulfonamides as VchCA inhibitors, aligning with and reinforcing the experimental results. The latter suggests that aliphatic sulfonamides could serve as valid targeted therapeutics to treat <i>V. cholerae</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ardp.202400814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New 7-hydroxycoumarin acetamide derivatives as human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies","authors":"Sarvan Maddipatla,&nbsp;Bulti Bakchi,&nbsp;Mayura Anil Shinde,&nbsp;Alessandro Bonardi,&nbsp;Preethi K. Raman,&nbsp;Harshada Anil Bhalerao,&nbsp;Anuradha Singampalli,&nbsp;Srinivas Nanduri,&nbsp;Chandraiah Godugu,&nbsp;Rajesh Sonti,&nbsp;Claudiu T. Supuran,&nbsp;Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400482","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400482","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are crucial in regulating various physiological processes in the body. The overexpression of isoforms human carbonic anhydrases (hCA) IX and hCA XII is linked to tumour progression. The selective inhibition of CA IX and CA XII isoforms can result in the development of better cancer treatment strategies. The tail approach based on coumarin derivatives was known for selective inhibition of isoforms IX and XII. This study explores the potential of coumarin derivatives (<b>7a–k</b>, <b>8a–s</b> and <b>9a–g</b>) as selective hCA IX and hCA XII inhibitors. The synthesised derivatives exhibited potent and selective inhibition towards hCA IX and XII, with <i>K</i>_i values in the range of 0.58‒3.33 µM and 0.48‒2.59 µM, respectively. The oxime ether derivative <b>7d</b> was found to be the most potent one against hCA IX, with a <i>K</i>_i value of 0.58 µM, and phenyl hydrazine derivative <b>8a</b>, with a <i>K</i>_i value of 0.48 µM against hCA XII, was the most potent one among the synthesised molecules. The potent isoform-specific carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibition suggests that <b>7d</b> and <b>8a</b> can be taken further towards the development of potent anticancer agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives as promising multifunctional CNS agents for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Galina F. Makhaeva,&nbsp;Maria V. Grishchenko,&nbsp;Nadezhda V. Kovaleva,&nbsp;Natalia P. Boltneva,&nbsp;Elena V. Rudakova,&nbsp;Tatiana Y. Astakhova,&nbsp;Elena N. Timokhina,&nbsp;Pavel G. Pronkin,&nbsp;Sofya V. Lushchekina,&nbsp;Olga G. Khudina,&nbsp;Ekaterina F. Zhilina,&nbsp;Evgeny V. Shchegolkov,&nbsp;Maria A. Lapshina,&nbsp;Elena S. Dubrovskaya,&nbsp;Eugene V. Radchenko,&nbsp;Vladimir A. Palyulin,&nbsp;Yanina V. Burgart,&nbsp;Victor I. Saloutin,&nbsp;Valery N. Charushin,&nbsp;Rudy J. Richardson","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400819","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives (salicylamide, salicylimine, and salicylamine) with different lengths of alkylene spacers were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential multifunctional central nervous system therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conjugates demonstrated high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition (IC₅₀: AChE, 0.265−4.24 μM; BChE, 0.01−0.64 μM) but poor activity against off-target carboxylesterase (CES). Specifically, conjugates with a (CH₂)₈ spacer showed the highest AChE and BChE inhibition: 3–16 times more effective than amiridine. Salicylamides <b>7b</b> and <b>7c</b> had the maximum BChE/AChE selectivity ratios: 193 and 138, respectively. Conjugates were mixed-type reversible inhibitors of both cholinesterases and displaced propidium from the AChE peripheral anionic site (PAS) at the level of donepezil. All conjugates inhibited Aβ₄₂ self-aggregation in the thioflavin test; inhibition increased with spacer elongation, being greatest for (CH₂)₈. The results agreed with molecular docking to AChE, BChE, and Aβ₄₂. Conjugates exhibited high 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)^•+-scavenging activity comparable to the standard antioxidant Trolox, and they showed the ability to bind Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Zn²⁺. Conjugates had favorable predicted intestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier permeability. Altogether, the results indicate that the new conjugates possess potential for further development as multifunctional anti-AD drug candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ardp.202400819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and its small molecule inhibitors","authors":"Lulu Xia,&nbsp;Hongxin Li,&nbsp;Li Long,&nbsp;Wei Ruan,&nbsp;Jiajia Ma,&nbsp;Shan Xu,&nbsp;Dan Qiao","doi":"10.1002/ardp.202400621","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ardp.202400621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic systemic immune disease characterized by T-cellmediated hyperproliferation of keratinized cells. Among its various manifestations, plaque-type psoriasis is the most common. Treatment options for psoriasis encompass topical medications, biological therapies, phototherapy techniques, and others. However, traditional treatments are associated with numerous side effects. In contrast, targeted therapy has garnered increasing attention due to its high selectivity, strong safety profile, and favorable therapeutic outcomes. Patients with psoriasis lesions exhibit elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines compared with the general population. These proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis by inducing keratinocyte proliferation through multiple signaling pathways within the body. This study will delve into the Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT), and nuclear factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathways to elucidate their roles in mediating psoriasis pathogenesis. In addition, we will summarize potential targets relevant to the treatment of psoriasis and discuss the design and activity assessment of their inhibitors. It also provides new insights for further in-depth study of psoriasis and development of novel molecularly targeted inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":128,"journal":{"name":"Archiv der Pharmazie","volume":"358 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}