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PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND DOWN SYNDROME: PART 2. POSSIBLE EFFECTS 产前诊断和唐氏综合症:第2部分。可能的影响
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00050.X
Jonathan Steeleand
{"title":"PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS AND DOWN SYNDROME: PART 2. POSSIBLE EFFECTS","authors":"Jonathan Steeleand","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00050.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00050.X","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of prenatal diagnosis on the birth frequency of Down syndrome are considered through a review of recent literature. Both present and possible future effects are discussed and brief mention of some psychological aspects of prenatal diagnosis is made. The incomplete uptake of amniocentesis is noted; ranging from 20% to over 40% of eligible women in recent British studies; reasons for this are explored. A consideration of reported changes in age specific incidence and their relationship to the introduction and continued use of prenatal diagnosis is given. Reductions in incidence of between 5% and 18% have been reported in the past. The maximum future effects, as predicted by studies using age in conjunction with biochemical screening methods, are noted; detection of up to 60% of affected foetuses is theoretically possible. However, problems of introducing this type of scheme may prevent such effective screening methods being widely adopted. This being the case, it seems unlikely that more than 15% of births affected by Down syndrome will be prevented by prenatal diagnosis in the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127080652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A REGIONAL MENTAL IMPAIRMENT SERVICE 区域精神损伤服务
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00130.X
S. Cumella, D. Sansom
{"title":"A REGIONAL MENTAL IMPAIRMENT SERVICE","authors":"S. Cumella, D. Sansom","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00130.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00130.X","url":null,"abstract":"There is no consistent pattern of services in England for people with a learning disability who offend or have severe anti-social behaviours (‘mental impairment’). In one English health region, the mental impairment service comprises two residential units on hospital sites. The first of these (Unit A) operates as a medium-secure unit, assessing and treating patients referred by the courts. The second (Unit B) has a lower level of security, and provides long-term treatment for people with a mental impairment domiciled in its hospital's catchment area. Almost all the patients in the two units had mild learning disabilities, and substantial minorities had psychiatric and/or neurological disorders. A higher proportion of patients at the unit with the lowest level of security had psychiatric disorders and disturbed behaviour. This anomaly results from the lack of local mental impairment services throughout the region, which makes it difficult to discharge patients from Unit A. It is recommended that priority be given to the development of local mental impairment services rather then new medium-secure assessment units.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124560908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STRESS AND STAFF IN RESIDENTAL SETTINGS: THE MOVE FROM HOSPITAL TO THE COMMUNITY 压力和住院人员:从医院到社区的转移
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00062.X
J. Rose
{"title":"STRESS AND STAFF IN RESIDENTAL SETTINGS: THE MOVE FROM HOSPITAL TO THE COMMUNITY","authors":"J. Rose","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00062.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00062.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a survey of direct care staff in three types of residential accommodation for people with learning disabilities. These were a hospital, community units and group homes. The questionnaire was based on a model of occupational stress developed by Payne (1979). Data was collected upon each individual's background characteristics, the types of demands, supports and constraints they perceived themselves to be under, and the amount of strain (stress) felt by each person. Replies were received from 34 hospital staff (72% response rate), 47 community unit staff (64%) and 31 group home staff (79%). The results indicate that the hospital and group home staff reported similar, relatively high levels of strain. However, the community unit group reported significantly lower levels. The complex relationship between perceived demands, supports and constraints with strain is discussed. Care needs to be taken in interpreting the data when relating it to the quality of service the resident receives, as no link has yet been shown between this and staff wellbeing. The problems of generalisation are also considered. However, some recommendations are made for further investigations and possible action.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127924439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
THE READABILITY AND HUMAN INTEREST OF INFORMATION LEAFLETS FROM MAJOR BRITISH CHARITIES: AN UNINTELLIGIBLE, BORING REPLICATION? 英国主要慈善机构的信息传单的可读性和人情味:一种难以理解、无聊的复制?
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00109.X
P. Sturmey
{"title":"THE READABILITY AND HUMAN INTEREST OF INFORMATION LEAFLETS FROM MAJOR BRITISH CHARITIES: AN UNINTELLIGIBLE, BORING REPLICATION?","authors":"P. Sturmey","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00109.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1993.TB00109.X","url":null,"abstract":"A sample of 32 leaflets designed for parents, carestaff and the general public by four major charities for people with mental handicaps were analysed for their readability and human interest. Approximately one-third had some human interest and had reading ages under 18 years, however, a further third of leaflets had none or minimal human interest and reading ages over 18 years.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125090307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SELF‐INJURIOUS BEHAVIOUR: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT TRENDS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH 自残行为:流行病学和行为学研究的最新趋势概述
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00170.X
E. Emerson
{"title":"SELF‐INJURIOUS BEHAVIOUR: AN OVERVIEW OF RECENT TRENDS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL RESEARCH","authors":"E. Emerson","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00170.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1992.TB00170.X","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract  Recent developments in epidemiological and applied behavioural research and practice are reviewed. Three key themes in applied behavioural approaches are identified and discussed: an increasing tendency to base interventions upon prior experimental analyses; the use of communication as a metaphor in understanding the function of self-injurious behaviour; a questioning of the social validity of aversive interventions.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120488732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Dimensions of social competence in a population of adults with mental handicap 成人智障人群的社会能力维度
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00021.X
P. Walsh, R. McConkey
{"title":"Dimensions of social competence in a population of adults with mental handicap","authors":"P. Walsh, R. McConkey","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00021.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00021.X","url":null,"abstract":"When scores across 29 of the 36 areas of personal and social skill on the Pathways to Independence checklist were analysed, a multidimensional structure with one large factor, personal independence, emerged. Results suggest that, as some basic skills were loaded on single factors, and more complex skills emerged as conglomerates, two types of competence were apparent. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Implications for the provision of functional teaching strategies in natural settings are discussed. Replication among other client groups is proposed. The usefulness of social competence measures in ascertaining intellectual development as well as adaptive functioning should be tested in future studies.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126716520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
OUTCOMES OF ORDINARY HOUSING SERVICES IN WALES: OBJECTIVE INDICATORS 威尔士普通住房服务的成果:客观指标
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00132.X
J. Perry, D. Felce
{"title":"OUTCOMES OF ORDINARY HOUSING SERVICES IN WALES: OBJECTIVE INDICATORS","authors":"J. Perry, D. Felce","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00132.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1994.TB00132.X","url":null,"abstract":"Outcome data were collected on fourteen, recently provided staffed houses for people with mild, moderate, severe or profound learning disabilities in order to assess the quality of service provided. Quality indicators reflected the quality of the housing provision, social and community integration, social relationships within the houses, resident engagement in activity, developmental progress over time and opportunities for autonomy and choice. The data show that the quality of the houses investigated was broadly similar to that reported for other housing services in British research which has accompanied deinstitutionalisation. Quality levels on many indicators were related to the ability of residents and the data illustrate the difficulty in providing services for people with more severe or profound learning disabilities, which are capable of achieving outcomes comparable with those attained in services for more able residents. This research provides further evidence that the extent of staff support for resident activity is critical to how much residents are able to participate fully in the everyday activities which arise in the conduct of their lives.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"67 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127526584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Home from home: a survey of independent living schemes for people with mental handicaps 家外之家:对智障人士独立生活计划的调查
Mental Handicap Research Pub Date : 2010-03-25 DOI: 10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00024.X
T. Booth, D. Phillips, S. Berry, Denis W. Jones, Mike Lee, J. Matthews, C. Melotte, J. Pritlove
{"title":"Home from home: a survey of independent living schemes for people with mental handicaps","authors":"T. Booth, D. Phillips, S. Berry, Denis W. Jones, Mike Lee, J. Matthews, C. Melotte, J. Pritlove","doi":"10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00024.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-3148.1989.TB00024.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the findings of a major survey of independent living schemes (ILS) by the Joint Unit for Social Services Research. The survey covered 149 schemes, accommodating 349 people in four different parts of the country. Detailed information is given on the characteristics of the schemes and on the characteristics of their occupants. Four different management models are defined using the evidence from the survey, and key features of the ILS population are identified.","PeriodicalId":127714,"journal":{"name":"Mental Handicap Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126638444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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