TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Glass Bead Making Technology in Ancient Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Buddikasiri, A. Madhumali","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i2.45","url":null,"abstract":"Bead making and trading of beads are some of the oldest industries in the world. Beads are small, colourful, symmetrical, and often quite beautiful. They are frequently standardized, inexpensive units that can be arranged in almost endless configurations. They can be seen not only in familiar forms of necklaces and bracelets but also on anklets, headbands, and headdresses. Beads are small, but important finds from Archaeological investigations. Especially, the discovery of beads creates enormous interest among the excavator, researchers and laymen. It provides excellent information to the understanding of various aspects of the human past. While a couple of studies surmise of bead production no study has been confined to study the bead making industry in Ancient Sri Lanka. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine if there was a glass bead making technology in Ancient Sri Lanka. It is hoped to study the glass bead making technology of the past based on the archaeological data uncovered through archaeological research conducted in Sri Lanka. This study focuses on the traditional analysis method. Mantai, Kantarodai, Tissamaharama,Kirinda, Abhayagiriya, Ridiyagama Giribawa and Ridiyagama is one of the leading areas in the study of glass beads design technology in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114064171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo Crafts and Associated Knowledge System of The Karbi Tribe of Assam Plains, North-Eastern India: A Cultural Heritage","authors":"Pritam Das, Worrel Kumar Bain, Bitupan Gogoi","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo, one of the precious plant resources of the earth, plays a cardinal role in influencing civilised life patterns in Southern and Eastern Asian countries, where they are found in abundance. It has a long history in people's lives as cultural material. India is the second richest country in the generic bamboo resources after China. In India, bamboo is one of the most important forest species and has a wide distribution throughout the country and contributes to the rural economy. The North-Eastern region of India has a rich diversity of bamboo. It is integral to the life and culture of the ethnic communities of this region. In this area, the usage of bamboo made it an indispensable commodity for the rural people. The Karbi tribe of the Assam State of India has a rich cultural heritage of arts and crafts. They are masters in the skilful tradition of bamboo craft. Bamboo is an indispensable part of their livelihood mostly in food, shelter, household items, basketry, fishing gear, musical instrument, medicine, furniture and other various ethno-religious purposes. Various bamboo craft traditions of the community get the most creative expression through skill and the traditional knowledge of craftsmanship. This knowledge is essentially community-specific and restricted to the community and is accumulated through long interaction with the environment. Nowadays, this craft tradition is on the verge of extinction due to many reasons. Therefore, it is a timely requirement to document this craft tradition associated with the traditional knowledge system and wisdom. The present study has been designed in this context. During the study, standard anthropological methods have been applied. The present paper is based on the authors' empirical findings, and it probes into the cultural heritage of bamboo crafts of the Karbi community, which is governed by traditional knowledge and skills through empiricism. The paper also focuses on the importance and cultural significance of bamboo within the said community. The study also highlights this craft tradition's present scenario and provides recommendations to revive this heritage tradition.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115988919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing the Paleo- Biological Remains of Rajagala Mahalena Cave in The Eastern Province of Sri Lanka","authors":"K. M. Alexander, G. Ranasinghe, M. Abeynayake, E.G.J. Suranga, S. Satish","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"The Rajagala is the dry lowland of the island, which lies at or below 900m asl, is confined to the north-central and southeastern parts of Sri Lanka. The zone comprises a plain rarely rising above c.40 m asl, but which contains isolated eroded remnants or monadnocks. The site of Rajagala is spread over 1025 acres consisting of more than 700 archaeological remains of prehistoric and historic periods. Preliminary investigations revealed that prehistoric human activity took place in the natural cave of the area before the third century BC. Accordingly, from 2016 to 2019, a selected cave called Maha Lena (ML) was excavated for further investigation. This cave was excavated jointly by Deccan College and the University of Sri Jayawardanepura. Excavations in 2018 and 2019 revealed a large number of prehistoric evidences. Among them are stone tools, bone tools, animal bones, and botanical remains. The main focus of this research paper is to analyze the biological remains found during the excavation of the ML Cave and to assess what the past environment was like through it. We have very limited knowledge of prehistoric research and information in the Eastern Province compared to the Low land Wet Zone of Sri Lanka. Accordingly, the focus was on research questions on the subsistence of prehistoric humans living in the caves of the Eastern Province and how environmental conditions have changed concerning the wet zone. Faunal and botanical remains have been recorded from ML, denoting the prevalence of climatic conditions similar to those of the present.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116822842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature Tourism in India-Red Sander Plant Species of YSR District, Andhra Pradesh","authors":"Ramabrahmam Vellore, Varija Vudhayaraju","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"The Medical tourism studies report for the year 2015 indicates that more than 2,000,000 patients from abroad travelled to India. Ayurveda has attracted the attention of global population especially the developed countries since ages for the promotion of medical tourism encompassing modern medical sciences and the ancient Indian medical systems Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH). Foreign travellers were coming to India since centuries in search of knowledge. Medical tourism in India is a multibillion-dollar provider industry and attracting millions of foreigners and domestic to visit incredible heritage of country and enjoy the medicinal blessings of traditional Vedas and Upanishads. India is full of well trained, qualified and experienced professionals and doctors. India ‘s medical tourism sector is expected to experience an annual growth rate of 30%, making it Rs. 9,500-crore industry by 2015. Estimates of the value of medical tourism to India go as high as $2 billion a year by 2012. Currently, India is second only to Thailand in the number of medical tourists it has attracted since the early 1990s. Red sandalwood grown on the shale subsoil, at altitudes around 750 meters (2,460 ft), and in semi-arid climatic conditions gives a distinctive wavy grain margin. Lumber pieces with the wavy grain margin are graded as \"A\" grade. Red sandalwood with wavy grain margins sells at higher prices than the standard wood in market. Red sandalwood is used for treating digestive tract problems, fluid retention, and coughs and for “blood purification.” Red sandalwood might increase the loss of body water through the urine (diuretic effect). Red sanders are used for Cosmetic remedies face pack for dry skin. Many of the Indian hospitals have a holistic center in its premise with more ancient forms of treatments such as yoga and meditation programs, and herbal medicine, naturopathy, homoeopathy, and acupuncture departments.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127826156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural and Religious Tourism in Majuli With Special Reference to Auniati Sattra And Uttar Kamalabari Sattra","authors":"G. Goswami, Mousumi Sharma","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.33","url":null,"abstract":"The paper attempts to study the potential of cultural and religious tourism industry in Majuli as a whole and Auniati Sattra and Uttar Kamalabari Sattra of the island in particular. The scope of tourism in Majuli, be it eco-tourism or religious tourism and cultural tourism is tremendous with nature’s opulence in full display here. Majuli, renowned as one of the world’s largest freshwater river island is a conglomeration of Vaishnavite religion, natural beauty, art and craft, ethnic culture and traditions which needs to be explored and showcased to the world. The Sattras (Vaishnava monasteries) and their rich heritage and cultures have given Majuli the status and pride of being the “Cultural Capital of Assam”. Today people have shifted from the traditional ways of touring in the form of going to hill stations, historical places etc. to more adventurous and unexplored destinations. Adding to the other attractions of northeast India, Majuli stands out as a jewel in the crown with its total package of natural beauty, religious monasteries, eco-tourism etc. An attempt has been made to present the uniqueness of Majuli’s Sattras, its different congregational prayer services, a distinct dance form called Sattriya and an about to be an extinct art form mask making as a potential tool to put Majuli in the tourist map of India and the world.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114315473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Systematic Analysis of Milankovitch Cycles to Identify Variations of Glaciers and Interglacial Periods of Late Pleistocene in South Asia","authors":"Aravinda Ravibhanu, J. Katupotha, M. Aouititen","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in the first Euler angle known as Earth precession phenomenon which is described as a change in the Earth’s orbit; found to have strong impact on the climate of Earth. These observations of climate changes were connected with the behavior of the global ice sheets, including their advancing and retreating movements which have been recorded. In fact, Earth’s climate depends essentially on the cycle of glaciers' growth and reduction. The alternative glacial periods and the interglacial periods coincide with the variations in Earth’s orbit known as “Milankovitch cycles”, which affect the insolation, and the sunlight exposure of different regions of the world and thus ultimately the behavior of ice formation. This paper aims to document the variations of the Earth’s axis orientation and to discuss how these changes have affected to the sea-level fluctuation of the South Asian Region during late Pleistocene. Experiment methodology consists of compelling a standardized dataset of the sea-level index (Data SET 01-Radiocarbon Journal, Katupotha. J, Data SET 02- SEAMIS database and selected 35 number of carbon dating values recorded and published in the literature of the South Asian Region) and then compare it with the data of Milankovitch Cycles. The discussed results show that the sea-level variations occurred mainly between 12,500 ± 1,500 YBP to 11,000± 1,500 YBP, indicating that 25m ± 5m recorded to be the lower sea level documented than the current sea level found around the South Asian region. This has been resulted by a quick glacier transition that happened in the Late Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131621881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Perception to Proto History Burial Site in Andarawewa: An Archaeological and Geochemical Prospection","authors":"Sansfica M. Young, D. Mendis, H. Ishiga","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"The megalithic burial site at Galgamuwa Andarawewa is situated at Anamaduwa Secretariat Division in the North Western Province, Sri Lanka. It is evident that 2500 years ago the proto history people had settled in this region. For burying of bodies, they have constructed different types of burials in several places in this region. Thus, to examine the geochemical prospection soil samples from the context (n=12), the glass bead samples from the furnace (n=3) and slag (n=2) were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for 22 major and trace elements. For the archaeological prospection, new findings of proto-history burials were found in the excavation carried out at Andarawewa and also many archaeological evidences were found through the field survey and excavations such as beads, inscriptions, pots and shard and chisels. The elemental values of the slag show that, Pb (470-483 mg/Kg) and Cu (855-1083 mg/Kg) are very much higher than Upper Continental Crustal Values. The white part contains higher Pb and Cu than the dark part of the slag. The concentrations of halides F, Br and I are almost similar in the white (glass) part and dark (slag) part. The Pb, Cu and as in the glass beads of the Andrawewa furnace shows that they range between 390-2920, 275-1411 and 12-127 mg/Kg respectively. However, the Fe and Ti concentrations are much lower than in the contexts though P2O5 is higher in the bead samples. The soil samples from the contexts of the area does not show high values for almost all the measured elements. Thus, indicating that the soils are local while the beads may have been prepared with sands brought from other areas. The carbon dating has dated that this burial belongs to the period from 500- 507 B.C.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127818942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Forensic Anthropological Analysis on The Consumption of Forensic Science Methods Utilized to Detect Homicides Along with Sharp Weapons (With Special Reference to Court Records)","authors":"A.U.A. Amarakoon, W. Wijayarathna, C. Nahallage","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.32","url":null,"abstract":"Crime is a common phenomenon in an organized society. Among the crimes, we identify as homicide is the unlawful premeditated murder of a person. Today, the criminal and the crime are meticulous. As a result, finding the culprit has become a complex issue. Undisclosed information about a crime is revealed through a criminal investigation. The methods used to uncover criminal information in criminal investigations are called forensic tactics. Methods in forensic science are used to uncover murder crimes. This research focuses on homicide crimes with sharp weapons. Accordingly, how can forensic techniques be used to examine murders committed with sharp weapons and to uncover information such as the weapon used in the murder? how the murder was committed? and the person who committed the murder? can be mentioned as the problem(s) of the research. The Monaragala High Court is the study institute used to compile the case reports related to the study. This research is a detailed study based on secondary data. Out of these case reports, from 2008 to 2016, 13 investigated murder reports were applied to accomplish the objectives. Case studies were used as a data collecting tool to detect the records. The interview method was also used partly in collecting data relevant to this study. Although many methods such as DNA technology, pollen analysis, and microscopic testing are utilized to detect homicides at an advanced level around the world, research reveals that traditional methods are still used in Sri Lanka. Accordingly, it is important to use the latest technology in Sri Lanka to bring criminals to justice and eradicate them from the criminal community.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128636111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Environmental and Socio-Cultural Impacts Caused by Tourism on Residents’ Lives with Special Reference to Ancient City of Anuradhapura","authors":"J. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is one of the biggest and fastest-growing sectors in the global economy and has significant environmental, cultural, social, and economic effects, both positive and negative. Yet, relatively few studies have addressed the effect of tourism on residents' lives in Anuradhapura as a major touristic destination in Sri Lanka. Anuradhapura ancient city is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and the first kingdom of Sri Lanka, well known for its ruins depicting early Sri Lankan civilization. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether the impact of tourism makes changes on residents’ lives in the ancient city of Anuradhapura. The survey design was quantitative and based on an empirical study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the residents of Anuradhapura Ancient city area. A sample of 120 respondents was selected to collect data from the residents. The data was analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics were applied to examine the effect of environmental and socio-cultural impacts caused by tourism on residents’ lives. According to the research findings, environmental pollution, social problems, and congestion & crowding out caused by tourism make significant environmental and socio-cultural changes on residents’ lives in Anuradhapura ancient city area. The results showed that tourism creates significant environmental and socio-cultural changes in residents’ lives in Anuradhapura's ancient city area. Further, this study provides elements for long term benchmark monitoring and observation relating to the resources of the tourism sector.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"61 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114087140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentials of Underwater Cultural Heritage Towards Tourism in Galle, Sri Lanka: Perspectives of Tourism Service Providers and Maritime Archaeologists","authors":"Rishini Fernando, S. Rathnayake","doi":"10.4038/tjata.v1i1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/tjata.v1i1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Travelling to visit places with Underwater Cultural Heritage is becoming a significant niche tourism type worldwide. Because of its remarkable position in the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka has always been a hub for sea trade. This makes Sri Lanka possess an abundant of Underwater Cultural Heritage. There lies a great amount of underwater cultural artefacts beneath the sea near Galle as the city has served as a harbour for a long time. This study was conducted to identify the contribution of Underwater Cultural Heritage towards tourism in Galle. The objectives of the study were, to identify the role that Underwater Cultural Heritage plays in tourism in Galle, to identify the destination capabilities of Galle to fulfil those requirements and to understand the ways that Underwater Cultural Heritage can be benefitted from tourism. The qualitative approach was adopted in this study. Data were collected from tourism service providers around Galle, maritime archaeologists and museum officers through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Major findings of this research include the strengths of the Galle area in terms of underwater cultural heritage, the great interest of tourists towards underwater cultural heritage and current weaknesses in the management of these values in the field of tourism. It was revealed that both tourism and underwater heritage could be mutually benefitted because of each phenomena’s presence through an integrated approach.","PeriodicalId":127586,"journal":{"name":"TRIVALENT ත්‍රිසංයුජ: Journal of Archaeology, Tourism & Anthropology","volume":"47 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122656915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}