Gaceta medica de Mexico最新文献

Factors associated with academic delay in the first two years of the medical program at UNaM. 在墨西哥国立大学医学课程的前两年，与学业延迟相关的因素。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001114

Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Gustavo Olaiz, Amílcar Alpuche-Hernández, M Ángeles Fernández-Altuna, Jorge Salmerón, Ana C Sepúlveda-Vildósola

{"title":"Factors associated with academic delay in the first two years of the medical program at UNaM.","authors":"Berenice Rivera-Paredez, Gustavo Olaiz, Amílcar Alpuche-Hernández, M Ángeles Fernández-Altuna, Jorge Salmerón, Ana C Sepúlveda-Vildósola","doi":"10.24875/GMM.M26001114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M26001114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Academic delay affects both the quality and equity of education. Identifying its associated factors, stratified by sex, is key to designing effective interventions.Objective: To assess the association between sociodemographic, mental health and lifestyle factors and academic underachievement during the first two years of medical school, stratified by sex and pandemic period.Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 10,866 first-year medical students (2017-2023) from the Faculty of Medicine at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), followed for two years. Multivariate logis-tic regression models were applied, stratified by sex and pandemic period.Results: Differences were observed across the three periods in academic, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related variables. Among men, older age, attending Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades (CCH), overweight/obesity, and experiences of violence increased the risk of academic delay, whereas high previous academic performance, parental education, effective study strategies, and family support were protec-tive factors. Among women, older age, attending CCH, violence, and the combination of depression and obesity were associ-ated with higher risk, while private high school education and higher maternal education level were protective.Conclusions: Academic underachievement is influenced by sociodemographic and health factors, with sex-based differences. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to improve academic performance and reduce inequalities.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"133-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the prevalence of risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in women. 探讨女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的危险因素。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.25000274

Leopoldo P Correa, Ma Del Carmen Villanueva-Vilchis, Roberto Ruiz-Díaz, Javier de la Fuente-Hernández, Laura S Acosta-Torres

{"title":"Exploring the prevalence of risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in women.","authors":"Leopoldo P Correa, Ma Del Carmen Villanueva-Vilchis, Roberto Ruiz-Díaz, Javier de la Fuente-Hernández, Laura S Acosta-Torres","doi":"10.24875/GMM.25000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.25000274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major risk factor for several medical conditions and poor quality of life.Objective: The objective of the study was to conduct an exploratory study to assess the prevalence of risk factors related to OSA in the adult female population seeking health care treatment at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 151 female patients using the STOP-BANG questionnaire with items related to snoring, fatigue, tiredness, sleepiness during the day, breathing interruptions, body mass index, age, neck circumference, and sex.Results: Regarding age, 87.5% of females who presented sleep-related breathing disorders symptoms (p = 0.031) and 72.8% of females who woke up with fatigue (p = 0.002) were < 50 years old. However, females over 50 years with a neck circumference > 41 cm were 3.0 times more likely to experience fatigue, tiredness, and sleepiness during the daytime due to possible OSA. Snoring was not significantly associated with OSA risk factors; and female with a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2, representing a 6.4 times greater likelihood of experiencing sleep-related breathing disorders due to OSA.Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, we confirmed that women < 50 years old reported greater fatigue and more sleep-related breathing disorders symptoms; and females with a high BMI also showed a higher risk of developing OSA.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frailty syndrome in the elderly: differences between women and men. 老年虚弱综合征：男女差异。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001102

Sara G Aguilar-Navarro, Martha H Morales-Salazar

{"title":"Frailty syndrome in the elderly: differences between women and men.","authors":"Sara G Aguilar-Navarro, Martha H Morales-Salazar","doi":"10.24875/GMM.M26001102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M26001102","url":null,"abstract":"Frailty syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by a decline in physiological reserves, increasing vulnerability to stressors. Although its foundations had been previously explored, it was in the 21st century that its phenotype was established, defined by the presence of at least three out of five criteria: Unintentional weight loss, weakness, slowness, fatigue, and low physical activity. This model has been widely adopted due to its clinical utility. Frailty is not a homogeneous process, and recent studies show that it affects women more frequently, although men experience worse clinical outcomes, such as higher mortality. These differences reflect the influence of biological, hormonal, and social factors on its development. Additionally, men are more prone to sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases, whereas women exhibit frailty associated with weakness and abdominal obesity. Early diagnosis and personalized interventions can prevent complications, but they require consideration of gender differences. This review analyzes the latest evidence on frailty in men and women, emphasizing its impact on clinical practice and the different therapeutic and preventive strategies for its management.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflammatory indexes, cytokines, and sexual dimorphism in severe systemic inflammation. 严重全身性炎症的炎症指数、细胞因子和两性二态性。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001116

Edna Basilio-Gálvez, Ma Teresa García-de la Rosa, Libier Cabrera-Rivera, Ruth L Madera-Sandoval, Lourdes A Arriaga-Pizano

引用次数: 0

Cancer as a function of gender. 癌症是性别的函数。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001107

Raquel Gerson-Cwilich, Emma L Verástegui-Avilés

{"title":"Cancer as a function of gender.","authors":"Raquel Gerson-Cwilich, Emma L Verástegui-Avilés","doi":"10.24875/GMM.M26001107","DOIUrl":"10.24875/GMM.M26001107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, exhibits substantial gender differences.Objective: Examine evidence on incidence, mortality, clinical behavior, and outcomes in men and women, with emphasis on gynecological tumors and the most frequent cancers globally and in Mexico.Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted on cancer by gender and age in various databases, considering clinical studies, systemic analyses, epidemiology, current and combined treatments, inequalities and biases in research, systems and clinical practice, fertility, participation in palliative care, and the impact of cancer on family and society.Results: Differences in tolerance and side effects of cancer treatment were observed, with differential mechanisms in metabolic, genomic, immunological, and hormonal pathways. For women, social determinants, research biases, underrepresentation in clinical trials, and barriers to access are analyzed. Women's participation in palliative care is examined, taking into account the transition from caregivers to patients receiving care. The relevance of women's role in family cohesion is considered in minimizing the impact of cancer on the mother's children, as well as the specific challenges young women face regarding future fertility.Conclusions: Consider gender differences in the side effects of systemic cancer treatment. It is essential to integrate a gender perspective with an intersectional feminist approach at all levels: research, public policy, and clinical practice, to achieve better health outcomes, higher quality of life, and social justice. Strengthen palliative care and provide specific support to young women regarding fertility and to those transitioning from caregivers to patients. Incorporating a feminist perspective in oncology constitutes a necessary component to ensure equity in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical and cardiovascular impact of pregnancy in women with Marfan syndrome. 妊娠对马凡氏综合征妇女的临床和心血管影响。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001111

M Elena Soto, Miguel Santos-Aragón, Regina de la Mora-Cervantes

{"title":"Clinical and cardiovascular impact of pregnancy in women with Marfan syndrome.","authors":"M Elena Soto, Miguel Santos-Aragón, Regina de la Mora-Cervantes","doi":"10.24875/GMM.M26001111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M26001111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Marfan syndrome (MS) is associated with mutations in the FBN1 gene, which encodes fibrillin-1, an essential protein in elastic fibers. Cardiovascular damage in MS has serious complications such as aneurysms and aortic dissection (AD), which increase during pregnancy.Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular and clinical status of women with Marfan syndrome and pregnancy.Materials and methods: Retrospective study in women with MS or other connective tissue diseases (CTD) classified according to the 2010 Ghent criteria.Results: One hundred women were included, 35 were admitted as pediatric patients, and 65 as adults. Ten women without medical records were excluded. Forty-eight non-pregnant women and 46 pregnant women were analyzed. 20 births, 26 cesarean sections, 9 preeclampsia, and 14 miscarriages. Of the total group, 14 had con-genital heart disease, 36 had AD, 47 had aortic regurgitation, 22 had mitral valve regurgitation, 15 had tricuspid valve regurgitation, 39 had valve prolapse, 67 had surgeries, and 15 had stents. 19 died, 5 due to aneurysm rupture, 4 had AD, 3 had cardiogenic shock, 5 had septic shock, and 2 had hypovolemic shock.Conclusions: Cardiovascular damage in pregnancies of women with MS or CTD is complex. The diagnosis of MS is late in some cases; it is at the time of delivery, and genetic counseling is not timely. These are areas of opportunity to impact on prevention, timely gynecological and obstetric status, and surgery.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"97-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender perspective in clinical research on osteoporosis and fractures: an urgent methodological need. 骨质疏松和骨折临床研究中的性别视角：迫切的方法学需求。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001103

Griselda A Cruz-Priego, Patricia Clark

{"title":"Gender perspective in clinical research on osteoporosis and fractures: an urgent methodological need.","authors":"Griselda A Cruz-Priego, Patricia Clark","doi":"10.24875/GMM.M26001103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M26001103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures in individuals over 50 years of age are a public health concern. Although their prevalence is higher in postmenopausal women, other gender identities also face risks that have historically been over-looked in research and clinical care.Objective: To analyze the integration of a gender perspective in clinical studies on osteoporosis and fractures, identifying methodological gaps and structural biases.Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and TripDatabase (2000-2025), including 22 relevant studies without restriction by study design, focused on sex and gender differences in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.Results: Inequities in diagnosis and treatment were identified, particularly affecting individuals outside the cisgender female model. The lack of gender-disaggregated data and the absence of contextual variables limit the applicability of findings. Studies employing gender-sensitive approaches show improvements in risk estimation and therapeutic equity.Conclusions: Including a gender perspective beyond the binary enhances scientific validity and promotes health equity. It is essential to adopt methodological guidelines that ensure this integration at all stages of the research process.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access to liver transplantation in women: progress and challenges. 妇女获得肝移植：进展与挑战。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001101

Graciela E Castro-Narro, Juanita Pérez-Escobar, Eira Cerda-Reyes

引用次数: 0

Midwives in Mexico in the 20^th and 21^st centuries: regulations and workspaces. 20世纪和21世纪墨西哥的助产士：法规和工作场所。

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001113

Jimena Perezblas-Pérez, Martha E Rodríguez-Pérez

{"title":"Midwives in Mexico in the 20th and 21st centuries: regulations and workspaces.","authors":"Jimena Perezblas-Pérez, Martha E Rodríguez-Pérez","doi":"10.24875/GMM.M26001113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M26001113","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As a health specialist, the midwife has existed since ancient times. In Mexico, she has played different roles, with continuities and ruptures depending on the era and location, whether urban or rural.Objective: To analyze the situation of the midwife in Mexico, both the traditional and the professional or certified midwife in the 20th and 21st centuries, based on the state recognition that has been granted to them.Materials and methods: Within the framework of the social history of science, a bibliographical study was conducted with a historical perspective, largely based on regulatory documents (official journals, regulations, programs) consulted in various repositories.Results: Mexico has had midwives in different categories: traditional, shaped by their experience, emerging from the day-to-day needs of the community they inhabit and valued by the State since the 1930s to fill gaps in rural public care; and professional, initiated in an academic setting, within an educational institution in 1833, organized by physicians. It began the new century working alongside nurses and surgeons until 1967, when it was practically erased as such, replaced by obstetricians and gynecologists. In recent years, the technical midwifery was established, following the initiative of a civil association in 2011. Recently, institutional medical services have been working to recover and integrate midwives into the National Health System.Conclusions: Over time, state policies have considered midwives, both traditional and institutionalized, as part of the health care community. However, their evolution is characterized by ruptures and tensions between the constant issuance of regulations and practices that define their actions and work spaces, highlighting the need for intercultural dialogue and integration.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences by gender in metabolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes in first-level care. 2型糖尿病患者一级护理中代谢功能障碍的性别差异

IF 1.3 4区医学

Gaceta medica de Mexico Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M26001108

Adriana L Valdez-González, Rita A Gómez-Díaz, Niels H Wacher-Rodarte

{"title":"Differences by gender in metabolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes in first-level care.","authors":"Adriana L Valdez-González, Rita A Gómez-Díaz, Niels H Wacher-Rodarte","doi":"10.24875/GMM.M26001108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/GMM.M26001108","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of men and women determine metabolic differences, given by hormonal mechanisms and sexual dimorphism in adipose tissue, impacting the health-disease process.Objective: To compare the gender differences in metabolic alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated in first-level medical units.Material and methods: Analytical transversal study. After signing informed consent, adult patients with T2DM were included. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical and clinical data were collected. Metabolic dysfunction was evaluated using metabolic syndrome criteria. They were analyzed using Student t, Pearson x2 and Mann-Whitney U test to identify differences by gender.Results: 5154 patients with DT2 were included. In women, a higher body mass index was observed (29.91 vs. 28.74 kg/m2; p < 0.001), and a higher proportion of obesity (44.2% vs. 38.7%; p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (94.0% vs. 90.5%; p < 0.001) and hypoalphalipoproteinemia (75.6% vs. 24.4%; p < 0.001), while microalbuminuria (36.4% vs 18.8%; p < 0.001) and hypertension (70.3% vs. 66.7%; p < 0.001) were higher in men.Conclusions: The presence of metabolic dysfunction is different between women and men. Obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia were more frequent among women, while among men they were hypertension and the presence of microalbuminuria.","PeriodicalId":12736,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta medica de Mexico","volume":"162 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0