Global Biogeochemical Cycles最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal and Interannual Variability in the Distribution and Removal of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Amazon River Plume","authors":"Rachel P. Martineac,&nbsp;Renato M. Castelao,&nbsp;Patricia M. Medeiros","doi":"10.1029/2023GB007995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Amazon River is a large source of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) to the Atlantic Ocean. The fate of this tDOC in the ocean remains unclear despite its importance to the global carbon cycle. Here, we used two decades of satellite ocean color to describe variability in tDOC in the Amazon River plume. Our analyses showed that tDOC distribution has a distinct seasonal pattern, reaching northwest toward the Caribbean during high discharge periods, and moving eastward entrained in the North Brazil Current retroflection during low discharge periods. Elevated tDOC content extended beyond the shelfbreak in all months of the year, suggesting that cross-shelf carbon transport occurs year-round. Maximum variability was found at the plume core, where seasonality accounted for 40% of the total variance, while interannual variability accounted for 15% of the variance. Our results revealed a seasonal pattern in tDOC removal over the shelf with increased consumption in May when river discharge is high. Anomalies in tDOC removal over the shelf with respect to the seasonal cycle were significantly correlated with anomalies in tDOC concentration offshore of the shelfbreak with a lag of 30–40 days, so that anomalously high inshore tDOC removal was associated with anomalously low tDOC content offshore. This suggests that variability in the offshore transport of tDOC in the Amazon River plume is modulated by interannual changes in tDOC removal over the shelf.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB007995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Spatial Variability in Zooplankton Grazing Rates on Carbon Export Flux","authors":"S. A. Meyjes,&nbsp;C. M. Petrik,&nbsp;T. Rohr,&nbsp;B. B. Cael,&nbsp;A. Mashayek","doi":"10.1029/2023GB008085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biological carbon pump is a key controller of how much carbon is stored within the global ocean. This pathway is influenced by food web interactions between zooplankton and their prey. In global biogeochemical models, Holling Type functional responses are frequently used to represent grazing interactions. How these responses are parameterized greatly influences biomass and subsequent carbon export estimates. The half-saturation constant, or <i>k</i> value, is central to the Holling functional response. Empirical studies show <i>k</i> can vary over three orders of magnitude, however, this variation is poorly represented in global models. This study derives zooplankton grazing dynamics from remote sensing products of phytoplankton biomass, resulting in global distribution maps of the grazing parameter <i>k</i>. The impact of these spatially varying <i>k</i> values on model skill and carbon export flux estimates is then considered. This study finds large spatial variation in <i>k</i> values across the global ocean, with distinct distributions for micro- and mesozooplankton. High half-saturation constants, which drive slower grazing, are generally associated with areas of high productivity. Grazing rate parameterization is found to be critical in reproducing satellite-derived distributions of small phytoplankton biomass, highlighting the importance of top-down drivers for this size class. Spatially varying grazing dynamics decrease mean total carbon export by &gt;17% compared to globally homogeneous dynamics, with increases in fecal pellet export and decreases in export from algal aggregates. This study highlights the importance of grazing dynamics to both community structure and carbon export, with implications for modeling marine carbon sequestration under future climate scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB008085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warming Reduces Priming Effect of Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition Along a Subtropical Elevation Gradient","authors":"Xiaojie Li,&nbsp;Maokui Lyu,&nbsp;Qiufang Zhang,&nbsp;Jiguang Feng,&nbsp;Xiaofei Liu,&nbsp;Biao Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wang,&nbsp;Yusheng Yang,&nbsp;Jinsheng Xie","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The priming effects (PEs) of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is a crucial process affecting the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about how PEs will respond to climate warming. In this study, we sampled soils along a subtropical elevation gradient in China and conducted a 126-day lab-incubation experiment with and without the addition of ¹³C-labeled high-bioavailability glucose or low-bioavailability lignin. Based on the mean annual temperature (MAT) of each elevation (9.3–16.4°C), a temperature increase of 4°C was used to explore how PEs mediate the decomposition of SOC in response to warming. Our results showed that the magnitude of glucose-induced PEs (PE_glucose) was higher than lignin-induced PEs (PE_lignin), with both PEs linearly increasing with MAT. Across the MAT (i.e., elevation) gradient, short-term warming had a constant magnitude of negative effects on PE_glucose, whereas rising MAT exacerbated the negative effects of short-term warming on PE_lignin. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition decreased after adding glucose and lignin across the MAT gradient, suggesting that fresh C inputs may prime the microbial breakdown of labile SOC under warming. Taken together, warming alleviated SOC loss due to PEs through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability. Warming mediated the PE_glucose by increasing available nitrogen and weakening microbial nitrogen-mining but inhibited the PE_lignin by shifting from microbial nitrogen-mining to microbial co-metabolization. Our findings highlight the role of warming in regulating the PEs and suggest that incorporating the suppression effect of warming on PEs can contribute to the accurate prediction of soil C dynamics in a warming world.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controls on Dissolved Barium and Radium-226 Distributions in the Pacific Ocean Along GEOTRACES GP15","authors":"Emilie Le Roy,&nbsp;Matthew A. Charette,&nbsp;Paul B. Henderson,&nbsp;Alan M. Shiller,&nbsp;Willard S. Moore,&nbsp;Nathaniel Kemnitz,&nbsp;Douglas E. Hammond,&nbsp;Tristan J. Horner","doi":"10.1029/2023GB008005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radium-226(²²⁶Ra) and barium (Ba) exhibit similar chemical behaviors and distributions in the marine environment, serving as valuable tracers of water masses, ocean mixing, and productivity. Despite their similar distributions, these elements originate from distinct sources and undergo disparate biogeochemical cycles, which might complicate the use of these tracers. In this study, we investigate these processes by analyzing a full-depth ocean section of ²²⁶Ra activities (<i>T</i>_1/2 = 1,600 years) and barium concentrations obtained from samples collected along the US GEOTRACES GP15 Pacific Meridional Transect during September–November 2018, spanning from Alaska to Tahiti. We find that surface waters possess low levels of ²²⁶Ra and Ba due to export of sinking particulates, surpassing inputs from the continental margins. In contrast, deep waters have higher ²²⁶Ra activities and Ba concentrations due to inputs from particle regeneration and sedimentary sources, with ²²⁶Ra inputs primarily resulting from the decay of ²³⁰Th in sediments. Further, dissolved ²²⁶Ra and Ba exhibit a strong correlation along the GP15 section. To elucidate the drivers of the correlation, we used a water mass analysis, enabling us to quantify the influence of water mass mixing relative to non-conservative processes. While a significant fraction of each element's distribution can be explained by conservative mixing, a considerable fraction cannot. The balance is driven using non-conservative processes, such as sedimentary, rivers, or hydrothermal inputs, uptake and export by particles, and particle remineralization. Our study demonstrates the utility of ²²⁶Ra and Ba as valuable biogeochemical tracers for understanding ocean processes, while shedding light on conservative and myriad non-conservative processes that shape their respective distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB008005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Organic Nitrogen Mineralization and N2O Production Driven by Changes in Coastal Wetlands","authors":"Ping Yang,&nbsp;Hong Yang,&nbsp;Yan Hong,&nbsp;Xiao Lin,&nbsp;Linhai Zhang,&nbsp;Chuan Tong,&nbsp;Derrick Y. F. Lai,&nbsp;Lishan Tan,&nbsp;Yongxin Lin,&nbsp;Yalan Tian,&nbsp;Kam W. Tang","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant invasion and land reclamation have drastically transformed the landscape of coastal wetlands globally, but their resulting effects on soil organic nitrogen (SON) mineralization and nitrous oxide (N₂O) production remain unclear. In this study, we examined 21 coastal wetlands across southern China that have undergone habitat transformation from native mudflats (MFs) to <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> marshes (SAs), and subsequently to earthen aquaculture ponds (APs). We determined the SON net mineralization rate and the presence of pertinent enzyme-encoding genes, namely <i>chiA</i>, <i>pepA</i>, and <i>pepN</i>. The SON net mineralization rate increased by 46.7% following the conversion of MFs to SAs but decreased by 33.1% in response to the transformation of SAs to APs. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the estimated mineralization efficiency of soil microbes among the habitat types. The results of structural equation modeling showed that N-mineralization gene abundance played a major role in regulating SON mineralization. Although less than 20% of the SON was estimated to be labile/semi-labile, SON mineralization was important in sustaining soil N₂O production, with 5.8% of the mineralized N being fed into N₂O production. Overall, our findings showed that the presence of <i>S. alterniflora</i> increased both SON content and mineralization rate, which would in turn promote further proliferation of this exotic plant along the coast. The conversion of <i>S. alterniflora</i> marshes to APs partially mitigated the positive effects of exotic plant invasion on SON turnover.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141187635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeochemical Fluxes of Nickel in the Global Oceans Inferred From a Diagnostic Model","authors":"Seth G. John,&nbsp;Hengdi Liang,&nbsp;Benoît Pasquier,&nbsp;Mark Holzer,&nbsp;Sam Silva","doi":"10.1029/2023GB008018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nickel (Ni) is a micronutrient that plays a role in nitrogen uptake and fixation in the modern ocean and may have affected rates of methanogenesis on geological timescales. Here, we present the results of a diagnostic model of global ocean Ni fluxes which addresses key questions about marine Ni cycling. Sparsely available observations of Ni concentration are first extrapolated into a global gridded climatology using tracers with better observational coverage such as macronutrients, and testing three different machine learning techniques. The physical transport of Ni is then estimated using the ocean circulation inverse model (OCIM2), revealing regions of net convergence or divergence. These diagnostics are not based on any assumption about Ni biogeochemical cycling, but their spatial patterns can be used to infer where biogeochemical processes such as biological Ni uptake and regeneration take place. Although Ni and silicate (Si) have similar concentration patterns in the ocean, we find that the spatial pattern of Ni uptake in the surface ocean is similar to phosphate (P) uptake but not to silicate (Si) uptake. This suggests that their similar distributions arise from different biogeochemical mechanisms, consistent with other evidence showing that Ni is not incorporated into diatom frustules. We find that Ni:P ratios at uptake do not decrease as Ni concentrations approach 2 nM, which challenges the hypothesis of a ∼2 nM pool of non-bioavailable Ni in the surface ocean. Finally, we find that the net regeneration of Ni occurs deeper in the ocean than for P, though not as deeply as for Si.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Dynamic Phytoplankton Stoichiometry on Global Scale Patterns of Nutrient Limitation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Carbon Export","authors":"George I. Hagstrom,&nbsp;Charles A. Stock,&nbsp;Jessica Y. Luo,&nbsp;Simon A. Levin","doi":"10.1029/2023GB007991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007991","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phytoplankton stoichiometry modulates the interaction between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. Environmentally driven variations in phytoplankton C:N:P can alter biogeochemical cycling compared to expectations under fixed ratios. In fact, the assumption of fixed C:N:P has been linked to Earth System Model (ESM) biases and potential misrepresentation of responses to future change. Here we integrate key elements of the Adaptive Trait Optimization Model (ATOM) for phytoplankton stoichiometry with the Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics (COBALT) ocean biogeochemical model. Within a series of global ocean-ice-ecosystem retrospective simulations, ATOM-COBALT reproduced observations of phytoplankton N:P, and compared to static ratios, exhibited reduced phytoplankton P-limitation, enhanced N-fixation, and increased low-latitude export, improving consistency with observations and highlighting the biogeochemical implications of dynamic N:P. We applied ATOM-COBALT to explore the impacts of different physiological mechanisms hypothesized to underlie N:P variation, finding that two mechanisms together drove the observed patterns: proportionality of P-rich ribosomes in phytoplankton cells to growth rates and reductions in P-storage during scarcity. A third mechanism which linked temperature with phytoplankton biomass allocations to non-ribosomal proteins, led only to relatively modest impacts because this mechanism decreased the temperature dependence of phytoplankton growth rates, compensating for changes in N:P. We find that there are quantitative response differences that associate distinctive biogeochemical footprints with each mechanism, which are most apparent in highly productive low-latitude regions. These results suggest that variable phytoplankton N:P makes phytoplankton productivity and export resilient to environmental changes, and support further research on the physiological and environmental drivers of phytoplankton stoichiometry and biogeochemical role.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB007991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interannual Variability of Marine Nitrogen Fixation in the Western Tropical Atlantic","authors":"Jana Härri,&nbsp;Domitille Louchard,&nbsp;Nicolas Gruber","doi":"10.1029/2023GB007997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007997","url":null,"abstract":"<p>N₂ fixation is a central process of the marine nitrogen cycle, yet little is known about how this process varies from year-to-year. Here, we investigate this variability in the Western Tropical Atlantic (WTA), a region where N₂ fixation is prevalent, fueled, in part, by the nutrient input from the Amazon River. We use hindcast simulations from 1983 through 2019 with the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) coupled to the Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) model expanded to include Diatom-Diazotroph Assemblages (DDAs). Throughout the WTA, we find a substantial level of interannual variability of N₂ fixation, altering it by up to 33%, and locally by up to nearly 60%. Part of this interannual variability is driven by variations in the Amazon River discharge, which during high discharge events leads to reduced rates in the upper parts of the plume and strongly enhanced rates in the downstream part. This dipole pattern is a consequence of the riverine inputs of phosphorus and the competition with non-diazotrophs for this limiting resource. Another part of the N₂ fixation variability is driven by the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These processes alter N₂ fixation primarily through the supply of the limiting nutrients phosphorus and iron by vertical mixing, while the role of top-down control through grazing is relatively limited in our model. The high, and so far not well recognized interannual N₂ fixation variability can lead to erroneous extrapolation of field measurements and inaccuracies in the marine nitrogen budget, if unaccounted for.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023GB007997","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appreciating GBC 2023 Reviewers","authors":"Isaac Santos,&nbsp;Katsumi Matsumoto,&nbsp;Zanna Chase","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Editors of the Global Biogeochemical Cycles express their appreciation to those who served as peer reviewers for the journal in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GB008211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shelf-To-Basin Transport of Iron From the Northern U.S. West Coast to the Pacific Ocean","authors":"Anh Le-Duy Pham,&nbsp;Pierre Damien,&nbsp;Daniel McCoy,&nbsp;Matthew Mar,&nbsp;Fayçal Kessouri,&nbsp;James C. McWilliams,&nbsp;James Moffett,&nbsp;Daniele Bianchi","doi":"10.1029/2023GB008029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Release of iron (Fe) from continental shelves is a major source of this limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the open ocean, including productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems. The mechanisms governing the transport and fate of Fe along continental margins remain poorly understood, reflecting interaction of physical and biogeochemical processes that are crudely represented by global ocean biogeochemical models. Here, we use a submesoscale-permitting physical-biogeochemical model to investigate processes governing the delivery of shelf-derived Fe to the open ocean along the northern U.S. West Coast. We find that a significant fraction (∼20%) of the Fe released by sediments on the shelf is transported offshore, fertilizing the broader Northeast Pacific Ocean. This transport is governed by two main pathways that reflect interaction between the wind-driven ocean circulation and Fe release by low-oxygen sediments: the first in the surface boundary layer during upwelling events; the second in the bottom boundary layer, associated with pervasive interactions of the poleward California Undercurrent with bottom topography. In the water column interior, transient and standing eddies strengthen offshore transport, counteracting the onshore pull of the mean upwelling circulation. Several hot-spots of intense Fe delivery to the open ocean are maintained by standing meanders in the mean current and enhanced by transient eddies and seasonal oxygen depletion. Our results highlight the importance of fine-scale dynamics for the transport of Fe and shelf-derived elements from continental margins to the open ocean, and the need to improve representation of these processes in biogeochemical models used for climate studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}