African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review最新文献

{"title":"When Peace Means Nothing: Reflections on Youth Marginality and Agency in Postwar Sierra Leone","authors":"Ibrahim Bangura","doi":"10.2979/acp.2023.a900892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900892","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The situation, agency, and actions of the youth remain central to the analyses of political, socioeconomic, and cultural dynamics of postwar Sierra Leone. This article returns to the youth question twenty years after the end of the war in Sierra Leone in order to understand the differing experiences that animate youth sociopolitical and economic reality in the country. It focuses specifically on the experiences of the present generation of youth, the spaces they inhabit, and what their experiences teach us about postwar peacebuilding in Sierra Leone. Using data collected through interviews, surveys, and focus group discussions from over 562 youth and other actors, between January 2019 and November 2022, this article argues that a significant proportion of the country's youth remain marginalized in society. These youth continue to deploy coping strategies, including creation of alternative social spaces, expressive popular culture, drugs and gangs, and migration to deal with their marginality. Significantly a proportion of marginalized youth remain trapped in cycles of violence as they clash with state security forces.","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"883 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's Decreased Political Representation in Postwar Sierra Leone: A Backlash or Lethargy?","authors":"Fredline M'Cormack-Hale, Aisha Fofana Ibrahim","doi":"10.2979/acp.2023.a900891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900891","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Women's political empowerment strategies have produced important policy and institutional changes, including increased women's political representation in postwar Sierra Leone, notably at the appointment level. However, these advances seem to be consistently met with different forms of resistance, including violence. The awareness among women and men of the importance of women's political representation is not reflected in the number of women nominated by their political parties even as many women continue to aspire for elected positions. This article examines reasons for this trend, focusing on the firsthand perspectives from both male and female politicians on the policies and programs of women's advocacy organizations geared at increasing women's political participation using the 50/50 Group, one of the oldest women's advocacy organizations in Sierra Leone, as a case study.","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"475 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty Years Later: Rethinking the Sierra Leonean Civil War and Beyond","authors":"Ismail Rashid, Zubairu Wai","doi":"10.2979/acp.2023.a900888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900888","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty Years Later:Rethinking the Sierra Leonean Civil War and Beyond Ismail Rashid and Zubairu Wai In March 1991, war broke out in the West African state of Sierra Leone, and it quickly became one of the seemingly intractable African conflicts in the immediate post-Cold War era. The Revolutionary United Front (RUF), which initiated the war, claimed that it was a quest for national liberation, democratic empowerment, and the construction of an egalitarian socioeconomic order (Abdullah 1997; 2004; Gberie 2005; Richards 1996; Wai 2012). For over a decade, the violence that the RUF unleashed gripped the country as contending armed groups multiplied and power oscillated between different civilian and military regimes. Thousands of Sierra Leoneans were maimed or killed, and millions more were displaced. For those who lived through it, many moments and aspects of the war seemed incoherent, anarchic, and illogical. Yet, it also presented moments and opportunities for political renewal and the reconfiguration of a Sierra Leonean state caught in the contradictions of its postcolonial existence. The war did not generate these contradictions, it merely magnified them. In a decade when different parts of Africa experienced mass violence, the long and complicated Sierra Leonean civil war captured global attention by the mid- to late 1990s. In mainstream discourses and dominant interpretations, Sierra Leone (and Liberia), along with Somalia and Rwanda, became the quintessential example of state failure in Africa, a situation characterized by social disorder and anomic violence and precipitated by patrimonialism, pervasive corruption, and governmental incompetence. In the impoverished and degraded [End Page 1] environmental landscapes of failed states and impotent governments, as the narratives go, warlords and criminal youth gangs engage in internecine battles over access to dwindling resources (see Kaplan 1994). In Blood Diamonds, Greg Campbell writes of Sierra Leone as \"a writhing hive of killers, villains and wretched victims\" (2002, 32). The Sierra Leonean civil war (1991–2002) became an archetypical example of what came to be known as \"new wars\"—a new kind of intrastate and regionalized violence in the post-Cold War era characterized by the increasing overlap between economic and political motives, terrorism and crime, and ethnic (tribal) and religious identities (see Kaldor 2001; Münkler 2004). These new wars were thought to be less about ideology and politics and more about economics with greedy warlords such as Foday Sankoh and Charles Taylor manipulating violence and disorder as mechanisms for profit making. These interpretations came to be crucial in international policy formulations as Sierra Leone became a significant site for the articulation and application of different conflict management approaches, global governance mechanisms, and liberal peacebuilding strategies (Denny 2011; Duffield 2001; Fanthorpe 2005; Rashid 2018; Wai 2011; 2021). Howeve","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Civil War Literary Fiction: A Catalyst for Understanding Sierra Leone's Recent Past, Present, and Future","authors":"Abioseh Michael Porter","doi":"10.2979/acp.2023.a900893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900893","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Until very recently, it seemed that a major difference between the literature of Sierra Leone and the literatures of its other West African neighbors was the absence, especially in prose fiction, of a sustained body of work by Sierra Leonean authors. This situation might seem mystifying to scholars of Sierra Leone's social and intellectual history because, after all, that country had played a major and pioneering role in the development and spreading of Western education in West Africa. This fundamental narrative of the inability of Sierra Leone's creative writers to produce high quality literature, in current times, has been seriously challenged by several new authors. This article analyzes the ways in which Sierra Leonean literature has moved from a space in which its earliest writers failed to understand fiction writing as a major outlet to express the dreams, nightmares, hopes and desires of a people to one in which high quality fiction is flourishing. It highlights how the civil war and its dreadful aftermath changed the literary landscape in Sierra Leone in many positive ways.","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contentious Reconstructions: Scholarship, Conflict, and State Reconfiguration in Sierra Leone, 1990–2002","authors":"Ismail Rashid","doi":"10.2979/acp.2023.a900889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The process of state failure, war, conflict resolution, and state reconfiguration in Sierra Leone between 1990 and 2002 was not a linear narrative but a complex, and sometimes indecipherable, script. Historical contingency and expediency were as important as the claims, ideas, plans, and policies of all of the different actors in the script. Over its duration, scholars provided varying interpretations of the Sierra Leone war that raised issues of ownership, power, representation and agency, and the relationship between insiders and outsiders. The article explores the extent to which these interpretations actually captured concrete historical realities on the ground. It points out not only the dissonances in interpretations of outsiders and insiders, but also highlights that in many instances, the scholarly analysis lagged behind or misinterpreted the unfolding phenomenon on the ground.","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking War and Violence in Sierra Leone: The RUF and the Nature and Condition of Insurgency Violence","authors":"Zubairu Wai","doi":"10.2979/acp.2023.a900890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/acp.2023.a900890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: One of the most perplexing contradictions of the Sierra Leonean civil war was the disconnect between an insurgency movement that defined its project as an emancipatory program of national liberation and the large-scale violence, destructions, and brutalities it inflicted on the rural poor and other marginalized groups in the name of that project. A question that has thus continued to plague the war is why a movement that claimed to be fighting on behalf of the poor and marginalized also ended up committing horrific atrocities against the very people on whose behalf it claimed to be fighting. What explains this radical disconnect between the pronouncements of the insurgents and their actions? In this article, I return to the Sierra Leonean civil war to grapple with this question about the nature and condition of violence in that war. I suggest that violence in the Sierra Leonean civil war, and more specifically, the behavior and conduct of the RUF and other combatants during the war, cannot be explained by recourse to fabulous ideas about the psychobiological characteristics innate to certain groups or societies that predispose them to violence, but to complex sociohistorical processes and structures that define everyday power and social relations. Ultimately, it was these sociohistorical structures and the way they manifest and structure power and social relations in Sierra Leone, as well as the failure of the RUF and its leadership to establish conditions of insurgency action capable of transcending, rather than amplifying, this violence embedded in the postcolonial Sierra Leonean state that determined the nature of violence during the war.","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IGAD and Regional Actors in the South Sudan Crisis: A Tale of Interests and Influence","authors":"Melha ROUT BIEL","doi":"10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.11.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.11.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124616170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Security: The 2020 Peace Agreement and the Path to Sustainable Peace in South Sudan","authors":"Israel NYABURI NYADERA","doi":"10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.11.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.11.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The South Sudan Peace Agreement signed in October 2020 between rival parties in the South Sudan conflict has elicited mixed reactions. Proponents of the deal are optimistic that finally, South Sudan, the world’s youngest nation, will experience peace while skeptics look at previous failed peace agreements and contend that more needs to be done. This article agrees with the latter school by arguing that the 2020 agreement has adopted a state-centric approach, which proved to be ineffective in the past peace agreements. The article utilizes a human security lens to examine the gaps in the October 2020 agreement. It concludes that proper application of the seven principles of human security could be the key to sustainable peace in South Sudan.","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127063931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's Agency and Violence against Women: The Case of the Coalition on Violence Against Women in Kenya","authors":"F. Ali","doi":"10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.7.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/AFRICONFPEACREVI.7.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"19 41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128748890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.1.bm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.9.1.bm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":126988,"journal":{"name":"African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127954543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}