Frontiers of Computer Science最新文献

{"title":"AE-TPGG: a novel autoencoder-based approach for single-cell RNA-seq data imputation and dimensionality reduction.","authors":"Shuchang Zhao,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Xuejun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11704-022-2011-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-022-2011-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has become an effective tool for high-throughout transcriptomic study, which circumvents the averaging artifacts corresponding to bulk RNA-seq technology, yielding new perspectives on the cellular diversity of potential superficially homogeneous populations. Although various sequencing techniques have decreased the amplification bias and improved capture efficiency caused by the low amount of starting material, the technical noise and biological variation are inevitably introduced into experimental process, resulting in high dropout events, which greatly hinder the downstream analysis. Considering the bimodal expression pattern and the right-skewed characteristic existed in normalized scRNA-seq data, we propose a customized autoencoder based on a two-part-generalized-gamma distribution (AE-TPGG) for scRNA-seq data analysis, which takes mixed discrete-continuous random variables of scRNA-seq data into account using a two-part model and utilizes the generalized gamma (GG) distribution, for fitting the positive and right-skewed continuous data. The adopted autoencoder enables AE-TPGG to captures the inherent relationship between genes. In addition to the ability of achieving low-dimensional representation, the AE-TPGG model also provides a denoised imputation according to statistical characteristic of gene expression. Results on real datasets demonstrate that our proposed model is competitive to current imputation methods and ameliorates a diverse set of typical scRNA-seq data analyses.</p><p><strong>Electronic supplementary material: </strong>Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11704-022-2011-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"17 3","pages":"173902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9607720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40441702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working with robotic process automation: User experience after 18 months of adoption","authors":"L. Filgueiras, P. L. Corrêa, S. N. Alves-Souza, Sigmar Monroe Teodoro, Mariana Savarezze Pereira da Silva, Rosa Virginia Encinas Quille, V. R. S. Demuner","doi":"10.3389/fcomp.2022.936146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.936146","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a study of User Experience (UX) with Robotic Process Automation (RPA), in the perspective of workers of EdP Brazil, a large electric utility company that operates in Brazil. RPA are software solutions for automating business processes that find increased interest of companies because they are inserted in workgroups as a co-worker, emulating human workers operating on GUI interfaces. Although the technology promises to drive a new wave of productivity in service companies, its impact on co-workers' experience is still unexplored. Based on projective interviews using the AXE (Anticipated eXperience Evaluation) protocol, after the first 18 months of RPA operation, the analysis of workers' collaboration with the robots has evidenced multiple facets of UX, technology acceptance and innovation adoption. For this case, RPA has provided an overall positive user experience mainly due to the perceived utility of the spared time, the upgrade in career opportunities and the pride for actively participating in the innovation adoption. Negative experience comes mainly from the lack of visibility that hinders robot management for efficiency and improvement. The methodology used in the study was successful in capturing the multifaceted workers' experience and is potentially useful to support user research in new expansion RPA projects.","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91277181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Role of Affective Stimuli in Event-Related Frontal Alpha Asymmetry","authors":"Priya Sabu, I. Stuldreher, Daisuke Kaneko, A. Brouwer","doi":"10.3389/fcomp.2022.869123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.869123","url":null,"abstract":"Frontal alpha asymmetry refers to the difference between the right and left alpha activity over the frontal brain region. Increased activity in the left hemisphere has been linked to approach motivation and increased activity in the right hemisphere has been linked to avoidance or withdrawal. However, research on alpha asymmetry is diverse and has shown mixed results, which may partly be explained by the potency of the used stimuli to emotionally and motivationally engage participants. This review gives an overview of the types of affective stimuli utilized with the aim to identify which stimuli elicit a strong approach-avoidance effect in an affective context. We hope this contributes to better understanding of what is reflected by alpha asymmetry, and in what circumstances it may be an informative marker of emotional state. We systematically searched the literature for studies exploring event-related frontal alpha asymmetry in affective contexts. The search resulted in 61 papers, which were categorized in five stimulus categories that were expected to differ in their potency to engage participants: images & sounds, videos, real cues, games and other tasks. Studies were viewed with respect to the potency of the stimuli to evoke significant approach-avoidance effects on their own and in interaction with participant characteristics or condition. As expected, passively perceived stimuli that are multimodal or realistic, seem more potent to elicit alpha asymmetry than unimodal stimuli. Games, and other stimuli with a strong task-based component were expected to be relatively engaging but approach-avoidance effects did not seem to be much clearer than the studies using perception of videos and real cues. While multiple factors besides stimulus characteristics determine alpha asymmetry, and we did not identify a type of affective stimulus that induces alpha asymmetry highly consistently, our results indicate that strongly engaging, salient and/or personally relevant stimuli are important to induce an approach-avoidance effect.","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91124724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote iVR for Nutrition Education: From Design to Evaluation","authors":"P. Sajjadi, C. Edwards, Jiayan Zhao, Alex Fatemi, John W. Long, A. Klippel, Travis D. Masterson","doi":"10.3389/fcomp.2022.927161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2022.927161","url":null,"abstract":"While different crowdsourcing platforms promote remote data collection, experiments in the immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) research community are predominantly performed in person. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has forced researchers in different disciplines, including iVR, to seriously consider remote studies. In this paper, we present a remote study using the Immersive Virtual Alimentation and Nutrition (IVAN) application, designed to educate users about food-energy density and portion size control. We report on the results of a remote experiment with 45 users using the IVAN app. In IVAN, users actively construct knowledge about energy density by manipulating virtual food items, and explore the concept of portion size control through hypothesis testing and assembling virtual meals in iVR. To explore the feasibility of conducting remote iVR studies using an interactive health-related application for nutrition education, two conditions were devised (interactive vs. passive). The results demonstrate the feasibility of conducting remote iVR studies using health-related applications. Furthermore, the results also indicate that regardless of level of interactivity learners significantly improved their knowledge about portion size control after using the IVAN (p < 0.0001). Adding interactivity, however, suggests that the perceived learning experience of users could be partially affected. Learners reported significantly higher scores for immediacy of control in the interactive condition compared to those in the passive condition (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting an unsupervised remote iVR experiment using a complex and interactive health-related iVR app.","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91283622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Sibling\" battle or harmony: crosstalk between nesfatin-1 and ghrelin.","authors":"Xi Chen, Jing Dong, Qian Jiao, Xixun Du, Mingxia Bi, Hong Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00018-022-04193-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00018-022-04193-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ghrelin was first identified as an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) in 1999, with the function of stimulating the release of growth hormone (GH), while nesfatin-1 was identified in 2006. Both peptides are secreted by the same kind of endocrine cells, X/A-like cells in the stomach. Compared with ghrelin, nesfatin-1 exerts opposite effects on energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal functions and regulation of blood pressure, but exerts similar effects on anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Up to now, nesfatin-1 remains as an orphan ligand because its receptor has not been identified. Several studies have shown the effects of nesfatin-1 are dependent on the receptor of ghrelin. We herein compare the effects of nesfatin-1 and ghrelin in several aspects and explore the possibility of their interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11072372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85653059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevant Physiological Indicators for Assessing Workload in Conditionally Automated Driving, Through Three-Class Classification and Regression","authors":"Quentin Meteier, Emmanuel De Salis, Marine Capallera, M. Widmer, Leonardo Angelini, Omar Abou Khaled, A. Sonderegger, E. Mugellini","doi":"10.3389/fcomp.2021.775282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2021.775282","url":null,"abstract":"In future conditionally automated driving, drivers may be asked to take over control of the car while it is driving autonomously. Performing a non-driving-related task could degrade their takeover performance, which could be detected by continuous assessment of drivers' mental load. In this regard, three physiological signals from 80 subjects were collected during 1 h of conditionally automated driving in a simulator. Participants were asked to perform a non-driving cognitive task (N-back) for 90 s, 15 times during driving. The modality and difficulty of the task were experimentally manipulated. The experiment yielded a dataset of drivers' physiological indicators during the task sequences, which was used to predict drivers' workload. This was done by classifying task difficulty (three classes) and regressing participants' reported level of subjective workload after each task (on a 0–20 scale). Classification of task modality was also studied. For each task, the effect of sensor fusion and task performance were studied. The implemented pipeline consisted of a repeated cross validation approach with grid search applied to three machine learning algorithms. The results showed that three different levels of mental load could be classified with a f1-score of 0.713 using the skin conductance and respiration signals as inputs of a random forest classifier. The best regression model predicted the subjective level of workload with a mean absolute error of 3.195 using the three signals. The accuracy of the model increased with participants' task performance. However, classification of task modality (visual or auditory) was not successful. Some physiological indicators such as estimates of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, respiratory amplitude, and temporal indices of heart rate variability were found to be relevant measures of mental workload. Their use should be preferred for ongoing assessment of driver workload in automated driving.","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91214294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brain-As-Computer Metaphor","authors":"Martin Davis","doi":"10.3389/fcomp.2021.681416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomp.2021.681416","url":null,"abstract":"I write as someone who is old (I’m approaching my 93rd birthday) and has a brain. While I claim no expertise in brain science, I hope to suggest questions that might occur to a computer scientist thinking about the brain. What little I have learned about the brain comes from a few books (Patricia, 1986; Dennett, 1991; Hobson, 1994). I have also benefited from lectures by Patricia Churchland, one of the authors.","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91141333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image smog restoration using oblique gradient profile prior and energy minimization.","authors":"Ashok Kumar, Arpit Jain","doi":"10.1007/s11704-020-9305-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11704-020-9305-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Removing the smog from digital images is a challenging pre-processing tool in various imaging systems. Therefore, many smog removal (i.e., desmogging) models are proposed so far to remove the effect of smog from images. The desmogging models are based upon a physical model, it means it requires efficient estimation of transmission map and atmospheric veil from a single smoggy image. Therefore, many prior based restoration models are proposed in the literature to estimate the transmission map and an atmospheric veil. However, these models utilized computationally extensive minimization of an energy function. Also, the existing restoration models suffer from various issues such as distortion of texture, edges, and colors. Therefore, in this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to estimate the physical attributes of smoggy images. Oblique gradient channel prior (OGCP) is utilized to restore the smoggy images. Initially, a dataset of smoggy and sunny images are obtained. Thereafter, we have trained CNN to estimate the smog gradient from smoggy images. Finally, based upon the computed smog gradient, OGCP is utilized to restore the still smoggy images. Performance analyses reveal that the proposed CNN-OGCP based desmogging model outperforms the existing desmogging models in terms of various performance metrics.</p><p><strong>Electronic supplementary material: </strong>Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11704-020-9305-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"15 6","pages":"156706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8237767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39150712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Weakness, and Narrative in the Late Eighteenth Century","authors":"Cameron B. Strang","doi":"10.5149/NORTHCAROLINA/9781469640471.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/NORTHCAROLINA/9781469640471.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers intellectual life among European, native, and African-descended peoples in the Gulf South from the 1760s to the 1790s. Spain had sovereignty from Florida to Louisiana during this period, yet Spaniards were also one of many groups in the region that were too weak to control the flow of information or reliably benefit from it. The chapter’s first two sections analyze how Spanish officials struggled to understand the region and use its resources to bolster imperial power. The three following cases concern, respectively, the trial of enslaved blacks accused of poisoning an overseer, the efforts of a Florida planter to control the circulation of botanical knowledge, and a mineralogical expedition in which a Hitchiti Indian shaped scientific knowledge through monster stories. All of these individuals packaged knowledge in narratives that reflected and perpetuated the crossing of cultural boundaries.","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82265719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astronomy and U.S. Expansion in the Lower Mississippi Valley","authors":"Cameron B. Strang","doi":"10.5149/NORTHCAROLINA/9781469640471.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5149/NORTHCAROLINA/9781469640471.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. expansion into the lower Mississippi Valley from 1795 to 1810 evinced and inspired many of the ways that officials and experts in the early United States used astronomy to promote territorial growth. Yet Anglo-Americans did not simply export scientific practices to the United States’ new territories. Peaceful and violent encounters among Spaniards and Anglos, masters and slaves, inhabitants and administrators, and whites and Indians all shaped the practice of astronomy in the Gulf South and, moreover, influenced how astronomy and imperialism overlapped in the United States on the whole. Geopolitical competition motivated the work of the Spanish and U.S. commissions of the Florida boundary survey (1798–1800), violence against slaves enabled astronomers like William Dunbar to perform disciplined observations, and interimperial exchanges of data made José Joaquín de Ferrer y Cafranga a prominent figure in the United States’ scientific community.","PeriodicalId":12640,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Computer Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87776747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}