Frontiers in Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Candidate molecular endotypes and dynamic risk prediction in anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic scoping review.","authors":"Zhiwei Zuo, Jianguo Yang, Jianbin Li, Renhe Li, Wei Liu","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1979138","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1979138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis (anti-MDA5+ DM) spans pulmonary states from no detectable interstitial lung disease (ILD) to rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD). We mapped molecular programs and prediction evidence to determine how recurrent biological states may support dynamic stratification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid and Embase were searched from inception to 22 August 2026. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data. Reporting followed PRISMA-ScR; evidence was synthesized across molecular and prediction domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4, 166 records, 2, 317 remained after deduplication, 349 underwent full-text assessment, and 95 sources (80 primary studies and 15 syntheses) were included. Type I/III interferon signaling was the most reproducible program. Myeloid inflammatory-remodeling, adaptive activation with lymphocyte or natural-killer-cell loss, vascular-coagulation injury, and immunometabolic disturbance formed additional overlapping axes aligned with pulmonary-state transitions. Clinical and radiomic models showed strong short-term discrimination; harmonized landmarks, calibration, geographic validation, and decision-timed molecular sampling would strengthen clinical use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence supports an integrated map linking recurrent molecular programs to dynamic pulmonary risk. A calibrated clinical-imaging backbone, augmented by parsimonious molecular modules with incremental value and updated at prespecified landmarks, offers a practical framework for prospective endotype validation and treatment-aware prediction in anti-MDA5+ DM-ILD.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2026.10.0018, identifier INPLASY2026100018.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1979138"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TCR clonotyping of paired blood and tonsillar T-follicular cells reveals the mixed origin of CD38^high Tfrs.","authors":"Sophiya R Sokolova, Vladimir A Grigoriants, Irina A Shagina, Ekaterina V Barsova, Maria A Nomerovskaya, Jamilya Z Khalifaeva, Alexander V Gurov, Olga V Britanova, Ivan V Zvyagin, Dmitriy M Chudakov, Irina L Grigorova","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1947623","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1947623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circulating T follicular regulatory (cTfr) cells are measured as blood biomarkers after vaccination, in autoimmune disease (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis) and cancer immunotherapy, yet whether they originate from natural Tregs (yielding nTfr) or germinal center T follicular helper (GC Tfh) cells (yielding iTfr) remains unknown. This distinction is critical for interpreting cTfr expansion as Treg-derived regulation versus Tfh-derived negative feedback. To characterize tonsillar follicular T cell heterogeneity and resolve the origins of cTfr cells we applied single-cell multiomics and bulk T cell receptor sequencing (TCRβ-seq) analysis of matched human tonsil and blood. Tonsillar nTfr and iTfr cells distribute across shared transcriptional states, with <i>CD38</i> expression distinguishing iTfr from nTfr in most contexts. However, within a transitional cluster positioned between activated Tfh and Tfr cells, nTfr-like cells also upregulated CD38, indicating that its specificity for iTfr is not absolute. Peripheral blood CD38^- cTfr cells shared clonotypes exclusively with non-follicular Tregs and lacked overlap with GC Tfh, indicating predominantly Treg origin. CD38^high cTfr cells captured a mixed population: some shared clonotypes with tonsillar GC Tfh (iTfr), while others shared clonotypes with non-follicular Tregs (nTfr). These findings establish that accurate discrimination of iTfr versus nTfr within the CD38^high compartment requires TCR clonal reference to matched tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1947623"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise, physical activity, and physical fitness in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: an umbrella review.","authors":"Zikun Lyu, Jingshi Ma, Chenzhe Ma, Xuechen Tian, Liye Liu, Jiayi Zhang, Yafei Gao","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1921728","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1921728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise, physical activity, and physical fitness are increasingly discussed in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but the evidence base is uneven: intervention reviews predominantly concern PsA, whereas evidence for cutaneous psoriasis is largely observational or embedded in broader lifestyle interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted as an umbrella review of intervention effects and observational exposure-outcome associations. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261403713). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to 1 March 2026. Two reviewers independently screened records and extracted data, with disagreements resolved by discussion and, when necessary, a third reviewer. Reporting followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 and PRIOR (Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews). AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2), corrected covered area (CCA), GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations), and the Ioannidis credibility classification were applied as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine reviews were included. Eight reviews provided PsA evidence, including interventional, descriptive, or observational findings; one observational meta-analysis concerned prevalent cutaneous psoriasis. No eligible review isolated the effect of exercise on cutaneous-psoriasis severity. Overall confidence was Moderate for one review, Low for five, and Critically Low for three. No umbrella-level pooling was undertaken because the same trials recurred across reviews, particularly in the high-intensity interval-training/cardiorespiratory cluster (CCA approximately 16.7%), and populations, outcomes, comparators, and effect measures were heterogeneous. Vigorous activity (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.85) and regular exercise frequency (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95) were associated with lower psoriasis prevalence, both with suggestive credibility. In PsA, possible improvements in fitness, disease activity, pain, function, and body composition were based mainly on single small trials and had very low certainty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence differs by disease. For cutaneous psoriasis, current findings are observational and do not establish an exercise effect on disease severity or incidence. For PsA, intervention findings are sparse, duplicated across reviews, and of very low certainty. Safety reporting was incomplete and did not permit a disease-specific conclusion. Adequately powered, prospectively registered trials with disease-specific outcomes and systematic adverse-event reporting are required.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD420261403713.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1921728"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on tumor ecology and precision medicine strategy of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on multi-omics cell atlas.","authors":"Qingkang Meng, Diwei Huo, Fei Xu, Naiqiang Liu, Muchen Fan, Yewen Wu, Xiujie Chen","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1925952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, which complicates patient stratification and treatment. Although single-cell studies have improved the resolution of the OSCC microenvironment, the relationships among cellular states, spatial organization, immune-repertoire dynamics, and patient-level ecosystem patterns remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA-sequencing data to characterize OSCC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We constructed a multi-omics cellular atlas comprising 88,442 cells and 63 cell subclusters, revealing complementary malignant-cell heterogeneity at the levels of transcriptional subclusters and recurrent meta-programs. Spatial and cell-cell communication analysis identified a reproducible association between PI3+ cancer-associated fibroblasts and APC_Myeloid cells and supported a candidate collagen-associated communication axis within tumor niches. Integration of paired transcriptomic and TCR data delineated a CD8+ T-cell pseudotime continuum accompanied by increasing clonal expansion and exhaustion-associated features, with spatial analysis linking intermediate trajectory states to regulatory T-cell and inflammatory NKT-cell-rich tumor-front regions. Extending the single-cell atlas to bulk cohorts by deconvolution, we defined four OSCC ecotypes and four coordinated cell programs that captured patient-level ecosystem organization and showed distinct molecular and clinical associations. We developed exploratory models for prognosis, recurrence, and immunotherapy sensitivity and established the OSCC Atlas as an online resource for data exploration.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This integrative framework links cellular heterogeneity, spatial organization, immune dynamics, and patient-level ecology, providing testable hypotheses for the biological and clinical stratification of OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1925952"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligopeptide-binding protein A is a potential target for combating <i>Salmonella</i> infection.","authors":"Ken Yoshii, Koichiro Suzuki, Jun Adachi, Zhenyu Piao, Eri Node, Zilai Liu, Takahiro Nagatake, Koji Hosomi, Jun Kunisawa","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943609","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1943609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Salmonella</i> infection remains a pervasive diarrheal illness, particularly affecting populations in developing countries. The lack of an effective vaccine against non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> is attributable to antigenic diversity among serotypes, incomplete understanding of protective immune mechanisms, and the difficulty in identifying conserved antigens capable of eliciting broad cross-protective immunity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify conserved <i>Salmonella</i> antigens, we established a <i>Salmonella</i>-specific monoclonal antibody library using heat-killed bacteria. Candidate antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies were characterized, and their functional relevance was evaluated through analyses of bacterial growth, respiratory activity, and protective effects in a murine <i>Salmonella</i> infection model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified L2-1H11, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes OppA, a conserved antigen present across multiple <i>Salmonella</i> serotypes. L2-1H11 was associated with suppression of bacterial growth and respiratory activity and attenuated enteritis pathology in <i>Salmonella</i>-infected mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings identify OppA as a conserved <i>Salmonella</i> antigen and suggest that it may represent a promising target for the development of subcutaneous and oral vaccines against <i>Salmonella</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1943609"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial pruritus and stiffness as the initial manifestations of glycine receptor antibody-positive progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Qiang Zhang, Jie Li, Jianguang Tang, Jia Fang","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1955606","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1955606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare and severe phenotype within stiff-person spectrum disorders (SPSD), frequently associated with glycine receptor antibodies (GlyR-Ab). Because typical rigidity and stimulus-sensitive spasms may be absent at disease onset, early diagnosis can be challenging. We report a 52-year-old man who presented with facial pruritus, facial stiffness, limited tongue protrusion, dysphagia, and left lower-limb pain. Early manifestations included diplopia, restricted extraocular movements, dysarthria, restricted mouth opening, involuntary jaw closure resembling trismus, and involuntary tongue biting. Nonspecific oropharyngeal and maxillofacial abnormalities on imaging initially raised concern for infectious multiple cranial neuropathy, tetanus, or orofacial infection; however, antimicrobial therapy and symptomatic treatment with diazepam and pregabalin produced no sustained improvement. The subsequent emergence of neck, truncal, and lower-limb stiffness, gait impairment, perioral hypersensitivity, and stimulus-induced facial muscle contractions prompted reconsideration of SPSD. Needle electromyography (EMG) demonstrated continuous synchronous motor unit activity in agonist and antagonist muscles at rest. Serum antibody testing was positive for glycine receptor 1 immunoglobulin G (GlyR1-IgG), with a reported semiquantitative value of 1:100, whereas serum glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody was negative, supporting the diagnosis of GlyR-Ab-positive PERM. The patient showed marked initial improvement following combined immunotherapy and symptomatic treatment. During regular follow-up, the patient's symptoms progressively improved. At the latest follow-up, diplopia, facial sensory abnormalities, restricted mouth opening, and limb rigidity had resolved. Repeat serum testing at a different laboratory showed persistent GlyR1-IgG positivity, with a reported endpoint titer of 1:100; the two numerical results were not directly comparable because different titration protocols were used. The patient was advised to continue oral mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg twice daily as maintenance therapy. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of GlyR-Ab-positive PERM when facial pruritus and cranial-bulbar symptoms precede generalized stiffness. Recognition of evolving stimulus-induced muscle contractions, together with characteristic EMG findings and antibody testing, can help distinguish this presentation from infectious cranial neuropathy, tetanus, and local orofacial disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1955606"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-22 secretion capacities and activation profile of T cells in psoriatic arthritis patients under disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy.","authors":"Sibel Goksen, Gizem Ayan, Umut Kalyoncu, Gunes Esendagli","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1863954","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1863954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have transformed management, achieving complete remission remains a challenge due to complex immune networks in Psoriatic arthritis (PsA). This study aimed to characterize the functional modulation of circulating T-helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in PsA patients following conventional synthetic (csDMARD) and biologic therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from bDMARD-naïve PsA patients at baseline and six months after initiating csDMARD (primarily methotrexate, n=8) or bDMARD (primarily certolizumab, n=11) therapy. Using an optimized flow cytometry-based assay, we evaluated the secretion capacities of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-10, alongside activation markers (CD40L, ICOS, CD38) in CD4⁺ Th and CD8⁺ Tc cells. Results were associated with clinical disease activity indices (DAPSA, BASDAI, PsAID-12, LEI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both therapies significantly improved clinical scores yet failed to achieve immunological quiescence. A central finding was a significant increase in the percentage of TNF-secreting Th and Tc cells post-therapy, which may reflect a compensatory change in T-cell cytokine secretion following treatment. In the bDMARD cohort, Tc cells exhibited a significant expansion of subsets secreting IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10, suggesting a possible shift toward Type 1/Type 17-related cytokine responses. Baseline IL-17 and IL-10 levels correlated positively with high disease activity (BASDAI/PsAID-12), while post-treatment IL-17 and IL-22 secretory potential was specifically associated with persistent enthesitis (LEI scores).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite clinical efficacy, DMARD therapy was associated with persistent alterations in T-cell cytokine profiles, including IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing T-cell populations, particularly within the CD8+ compartment. These findings suggest that peripheral immune profiling may provide additional insights into the immunological effects of therapy and could contribute to future personalized approaches for monitoring immune responses in patients with PsA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1863954"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet disease with heterogeneous clinical presentations: a comparative case report.","authors":"Alaa Naiem Zaro, Yumna Alatrash, Raya N Amro, Mohammed Y Nairoukh, Nidal Itmaiza, Ikram Qaysia","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965989","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuro-Behçet disease (NBD) is a rare but potentially disabling manifestation of Behçet disease (BD). Its heterogeneous neurological presentation can mimic central nervous system infection, cerebrovascular disease, inflammatory demyelination or intracranial tumors, making early diagnosis difficult. Importantly, there is still limited published data on NBD from Palestine regarding presentation, diagnosis, imaging and management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe two patients with a long history of recurrent oral and genital ulceration who were diagnosed with parenchymal Neuro-Behçet disease (P-NBD). The first patient was a 26-year-old man with a two-week progressive headache, fever, vomiting, and blurred vision, which resembled meningitis, in whom examination showed central facial weakness, gait imbalance and pathological laughter. The second patient was a 41-year-old woman with a two-year history of gait imbalance and dysarthria who presented with three days of dizziness, horizontal nystagmus, central facial weakness, right lower-limb weakness, and a positive bilateral extensor plantar response. Laboratory testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to exclude other differential diagnoses. Both received intravenous methylprednisolone followed by an immunosuppressive agent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The first patient had clinical and radiological improvement after corticosteroids and initiation of induction cyclophosphamide, with clinical improvement on follow-up. The second patient improved significantly on imaging after infliximab maintenance therapy. She also improved clinically, but chronic symptoms of gait imbalance and dysarthria were still present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These two cases illustrate the variable presentation of P-NBD, including a meningitis-like febrile syndrome with pathological laughter and an acute-on-chronic brainstem syndrome. In patients with recurrent oro-genital ulceration and unexplained brainstem or diencephalic neurological findings, NBD should be considered after careful exclusion of other disorders. Early diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment can lead to substantial clinical and radiological improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1965989"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with pulmonary embolism in children with severe <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia.","authors":"Xuelian Chang, Liangkai Zhang, Zhongxiao Zhang, Xiaodi Tang, Mengjiao Zhao, Qian Li, Linlin Han, Jing Ma, Xiuli Yan","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1900602","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1900602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the clinical characteristics and factors for pulmonary embolism (PE) in children with severe <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> pneumonia (SMPP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included pediatric patients with SMPP hospitalized at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Shandong University between October 2019 and March 2025. They were divided into the PE and control groups based on the presence/absence of PE. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with PE in children with SMPP. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate the discriminative ability of the identified factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 199 children with SMPP included in this study, 100 were diagnosed with PE and 99 served as controls. The mean age was 6.73 ± 1.79 years in the PE group and 6.57 ± 1.70 years in the control group. The mean interval from symptom onset to PE diagnosis was 17 days. The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that duration of fever (OR = 1.122, 95%CI: 1.040-1.211, P = 0.003), extrapulmonary symptoms (OR = 3.479, 95%CI: 1.853-6.535, P<0.001), NEU (OR = 1.355, 95%CI: 1.131-1.624, P = 0.001), ESR (OR = 1.024, 95%CI: 1.003-1.047, P = 0.028), APTT (OR = 0.926, 95%CI: 0.866-0.990, P = 0.025), D-dimer level (OR = 1.210, 95%CI: 1.111-1.319, P<0.001), and cardiovascular complications (OR = 9.500, 95%CI: 1.759-51.316, P = 0.009) were independently associated with PE in children with SMPP. D-dimer showed the largest AUC (AUC = 0.806), with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 74%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early clinical signs of pulmonary embolism (PE) in children with SMPP include nonspecific prolonged fever, elevated inflammatory markers, increased D-dimer, and cardiovascular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1900602"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon signaling in myocardial infarction: mechanistic insights and translational prospects.","authors":"Shihan Xu, Yanfei Liu, Mengmeng Zhu, Fengqin Xu, Yue Liu","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2026.1914545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1914545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI) is a key determinant of patient prognosis; however, existing anti-inflammatory strategies remain limited in terms of overall benefit, patient eligibility, and safety, creating an urgent need for the development of new anti-inflammatory approaches. Interferon (IFN) signaling permeates the entire process of inflammation and repair following MI. During the inflammatory phase, the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I response promotes inflammatory damage; during the proliferative phase, sustained IFN signaling delays the resolution of inflammation and impedes scar formation, whereas moderate IFN signaling promotes resolution; during the maturation phase, IFN signaling can both limit excessive fibrosis and promote low-grade inflammation, scar instability, and the progression of ischemic heart failure. Therefore, precisely identifying the spatiotemporal windows with clear pathogenic roles is of great significance for the translation of IFN signaling. Compared to the bidirectional effects of IFN signaling during the proliferation and maturation phases, the cGAS-STING axis, with its clearly pro-inflammatory role during the inflammatory phase, holds greater translational potential. The development of tissue-specific cGAS-STING inhibitors based on nanodelivery, restricted to short-term application during the acute inflammatory phase of MI, may offer a new therapeutic direction for post-MI anti-inflammatory strategies. Furthermore, in-depth analysis of IFN signaling in conjunction with clinical cohorts in future studies will further aid in the development of precise immunomodulatory strategies for MI.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"17 ","pages":"1914545"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13691480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}