{"title":"Reducing Routing Overhead in a Growing DDN","authors":"J. Seeger, A. Khanna","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805715","url":null,"abstract":"The Defense Data Network (DDN), based on ARPANET technology, is expanding rapidly. One segment of the DDN, the MILNET, will include 250 packet switching nodes by the end of 1987 and as many as 700 by 1991. One obstacle that must be overcome to allow this growth is the overhead associated with the current ARPANET dynamic routing mechanism. Both link utilization due to routing updates and routing computational load are roughly proportional to network size. This paper presents three approaches to reducing routing overhead and includes both modifications to the existing routing scheme and a design for a hierarchical extension.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134310491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Software Reporting Metrics","authors":"H. Schultz","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805750","url":null,"abstract":"A set of software development indicators has been prepared by the ESD/MITRE Software Center for use by program managers at the Air Force Electronic Systems Division (ESD). These metrics can be used to help track the progress of software development by providing better visibility into the development process. This paper describes the metrics and a strategy for their application and reporting.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132405588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Issues of Modern Quality Assurance Management","authors":"W. Kuo","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805744","url":null,"abstract":"Quality assurance must be the key complement to current technological development. However, the consensus is that top-level managers are not committed to implementation of quality assurance programs. Discussion should focus on issues of modern quality assurance management for the military communications environment. Four invited papers are delivered: (1) C. G. Manak, on software quality assurance; (2) S. B. Liebesman, on the cost of poor quality; (3) W. F. Trezenka, on reliability and customers; and (4) K. Dey and M. Hartz, on practical considerations of statistical process control and reliability.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133211593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of LOS Microwave Radios using a Channel Simulator","authors":"J. Hoffmeyer, L. E. Pratt, T. Riley","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805668","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a line-of-sight (LOS) channel simulator that can be used for the laboratory evaluation of microwave radios. The simulator has a unique design, utilizes state-of-the-art microwave circuitry, and is completely under computer control. The hardware and software design concepts incorporated in the simulator are described. Results from tests conducted on a military microwave radio are presented. The results show the sensitivity of an unprotected radio to small changes in amplitude distortion of the received signal. Static m-curve signatures are also presented. The need to simulate the dynamics of frequency selective fading is described. Small changes to the simulator which will provide such dynamic operation are planned.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121960729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An LPI Performance Evaluation and Parameter Optimization for Time-Hop Spread-Spectrum Systems","authors":"E. Chandler","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805686","url":null,"abstract":"The detectability of time-hop spread-spectrum signals is evaluated for both a single-measurement energy detection interceptor and a simple slotted energy detection interceptor. The interceptor's detecton probability is evaluated as a function of the false-alarm probability, several system parameters considered specified, and time-hop signal parameters that are usually controllable by the LPI system designer. Design guidelines for the adjustment of the controllable parameters to maximize the LPI performance, and the effect of the choice of BPSK or QPSK modulation on LPI performance is discussed in light of the performance evaluation results.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127127545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Military Interfaces for a Burst Switch","authors":"C. Sidlo","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805871","url":null,"abstract":"For experimental field trials of the burst switching concept being developed at GTE Laboratories, both commercial and military interfaces are planned. This paper illustrates the generality of burst switch hardware and software architectures that makes interfacing to two complex military terminations--the SB-3614 Tactical Switchboard and the Digital Nonsecure Voice Terminal (DNVT)--nearly as straightforward as to interfacing an ordinary voice telephone. Brief descriptions of the SB-3614 and the DNVT are given. The elements of distributed control in burst switch networks are described as principal factors in the architecture. The same basic port hardware configuration, now in discrete logic for experimental demonstration, is used for all port types, with only the electrical interfaces differing among them. Port software is written in a switching-oriented language and employs universal command messages for interprocessor communications. Partitioning of the port software into processes common to all interfaces and those unique to a specific interface simplifies software implementation. The architectural approach makes it possible to specify and incorporate future interfaces with relative ease.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129562403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sounder Updates for Statistical Model Predictions of Maximum Usable Frequencies on HF Sky Wave Paths","authors":"M. Reilly, M. Daehler","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805708","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for the short-term prediction of maximum usable frequencies (MUFs) in a large communications region. It is shown how ionospheric measurements from a network of ionospherit sounders can be used to update sunspot number or solar 10.7 cm flux inputs to a climatological MUF prediction model, MINIMUF in this case, which is then used to predict MUFs on paths throughout the region. Analysis of mid-latitude oblique-incidence sounder data sets indicates the advantage gained from single-path sounder updates of flux for MUF predictions on adjacent paths. Under specified conditions a further dramatic improvement in MUF prediction accuracy is found from spatial interpolation of sounder-updated flux values. MUF prediction accuracies within 0.5 MHz are obtained for fairly modest sounder network deployments, in which the sounder midpath point distributions and updating frequency satisfy particular requirements.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124565533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Protocols for Tactical Data","authors":"C. Warner, C. Keune","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805834","url":null,"abstract":"Tactical networks handle data types which are very different from those handled by conventional networks such as the ARPANET. The characteristics of tactical data call for the development of new reliable connectionless host-to-host protocols. This paper discusses the data likely to be handled by a tactical network, their characteristics, and the design of new protocols suitable for use with that data.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123922598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchical Topological Design of Large-Scale Terrestrial/Satellite Computer Communication Network","authors":"R. Ramaswamy, Prantosh Dhar","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805651","url":null,"abstract":"With the rate of growth of the Computer Communication Networks, the future networks are expected to comprise of hundreds or thousands of nodal switching computers. In view of the computational time requirements, ultimately the topological design cost of such large-scale networks would grow exponentially with the size of the network. Therefore, efficient procedures for the cost-effective design and operation of large-scale networks are required. In this paper, a multi-level hierarchical approach is presented for the topological design of a large-scale communication network employing both terrestrial and satellite links. Given the large-scale nodal switching computer locations, such nodes are decomposed into an M-level Hierarchical clustering (MHC) structure. Then, an M-level Hierarchical Topological (MHT) structure is constructed over the MHC structure. Finally, an M-level Hierarchical Routing (MHR) scheme is presented for routing the messages between any source-destination node-pair. Also, an expression for the average time delay of a message in an M-level hierarchically clustered and topologically structured communication network is given.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115275934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probability of Outage in Multiple Access Spread Spectrum Systems Due to Autointerference","authors":"N. Benvenuto, S. Pupolin, G. Guidotti","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1986.4805653","url":null,"abstract":"A method is presented for evaluating the probability of outage due to auto-interference in multiple access radio systems using a spread-spectrum modulation technique. While spatial, frequency of transmission and activity distributions are computer simulated for each radio, the novelty of the method consists of considering a log-normal field strength distribution for each interfering radio. The algorithm has a very simple implementation and it allows evaluation of the probability of outage for different modulation techniques. Here, a comparison between an asynchronous frequency-hopping and a hybrid frequency-hopping/direct sequence modulation schemes is shown.","PeriodicalId":126184,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115801565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}