Frontiers in Neuroanatomy最新文献

{"title":"From Sudoscan to bedside: theory, modalities, and application of electrochemical skin conductance in medical diagnostics.","authors":"Benjamin Vittrant, Hanna Ayoub, Philippe Brunswick","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1454095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1454095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human body has two main types of sweat glands: apocrine and eccrine. Eccrine glands are widely distributed across the skin, including areas with hair. While the eccrine glands on palms and soles help improve grip, those on the rest of the body primarily aid in thermoregulation. Sudomotor function, which controls sweating, is regulated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system through cholinergic and adrenergic pathways. The activation of eccrine glands involves intricate processes, including neurotransmitter binding, ion channel modulation, and voltage generation. Sudoscan technology utilizes electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) to non-invasively measure sudomotor function. This method, which has been standardized for accuracy, has established normative benchmarks and has proven reliable across diverse populations. Sudoscan's diagnostic performance is comparable to invasive methods such as intraepidermal nerve fiber density testing, making it a valuable tool for diagnosing small fiber neuropathy. Moreover, it has been shown to correlate with corneal nerve fiber length, providing insights into various neuropathic conditions. Compared to traditional sudomotor function tests, Sudoscan proves superior in terms of its accessibility, simplicity, and reliability, with the potential to replace or complement existing diagnostic methods. It is important to differentiate ESC, as measured by Sudoscan, from other skin conductance measures, such as galvanic skin response (GSR) or electrodermal activity (EDA). Although these methods share a common physiological principle, ESC is specifically designed for diagnosing sudomotor function, unlike GSR/EDA, which is typically used for continuous monitoring. Sudoscan's success has led to its integration into consumer health devices, such as the BodyScan from Withings, showcasing its versatility beyond clinical settings. Future research may explore ESC applications in diverse medical fields, leveraging real-world data from integrated consumer devices. Collaborative efforts between researchers and engineers promise to offer new insights into sudomotor function and its implications for broader health monitoring. This study provides a comprehensive overview of ESC, including topics such as eccrine gland physiology, sudomotor function, Sudoscan technology, normative benchmarks, diagnostic comparisons, and potential future applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1454095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11551929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: 15 years of frontiers in neuroanatomy: the circuits behind the visual cortex.","authors":"Toru Takahata, Song-Lin Ding","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1507122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1507122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1507122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factor 4 expression in the developing non-human primate brain: a comparative analysis with the mouse brain.","authors":"Alain C Burette, Hanna Vihma, Audrey L Smith, Siddhi S Ozarkar, Jeff Bennett, David G Amaral, Benjamin D Philpot","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1478689","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1478689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) has been implicated in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Mutations or deletions in TCF4 cause Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder. A detailed understanding of its spatial expression across the developing brain is necessary for comprehending TCF4 biology and, by extension, to develop effective treatments for TCF4-associated disorders. However, most current knowledge is derived from mouse models, which are invaluable for preclinical studies but may not fully capture the complexities of human neuropsychiatric phenotypes. This study compared TCF4 expression in the developing mouse brain to its regional and cellular expression patterns in normal prenatal, neonatal, and young adult rhesus macaque brains, a species more relevant to human neurodevelopment. While the general developmental expression of TCF4 is largely conserved between macaques and mice, we saw several interspecies differences. Most notably, a distinct layered pattern of TCF4 expression was clear in the developing macaque neocortex but largely absent in the mouse brain. High TCF4 expression was seen in the inner dentate gyrus of adult mice but not in macaques. Conversely, TCF4 expression was higher in the adult macaque striatum compared to the mouse striatum. Further research is needed to show the significance of these interspecies differences. Still, they underscore the importance of integrating rodent and primate studies to comprehensively understand TCF4 function and its implications for human disorders. Moreover, the primate-specific expression patterns of TCF4 will inform genetic and other therapeutic strategies to treat TCF4-associated disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1478689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algal polysaccharides: new perspectives for the treatment of basal ganglia neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Alessandra Marinho Miranda Lucena, Eudes Euler de Souza Lucena, Sebastião Pacheco Duque Neto, Leonardo Thiago Duarte Barreto Nobre, Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha, Rafael Barros Gomes Câmara","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1465421","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1465421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this review was to verify the therapeutic effect of polysaccharides derived from algae in neurodegenerative disease models involving the basal ganglia. To achieve this goal, a literature search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors \"neuroprotective or neural regenerative or immunomodulatory activity or neuroprotection,\" \"polysaccharide or carbohydrate or carbohydrate polymers,\" \"marine algae or seaweed,\" and \"basal ganglia\" according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology were used. This methodology involved the steps of searching, pre-selection, and inclusion of articles. A total of 737 records were identified. Following the data analysis, 698 studies were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 8 studies. Species such as <i>Turbinaria decurrens</i>, <i>Gracilaria cornea</i>, <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i>, <i>Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis</i>, <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i>, and <i>Laminaria japonica</i> have demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects. This review suggests that polysaccharides derived from marine algae possess therapeutic potential for neuroprotection, modulation of inflammation, and amelioration of functional deficits. Their use in neurodegenerative disease models warrants further consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1465421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: The four streams of the prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Dorit Ben Shalom","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1487947","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1487947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1487947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep peroneal neuropathy induced by prolonged squatting: a case report.","authors":"Hyun-Seok Jo, Ki-Hong Kim, Min-Keun Song, Hyeng-Kyu Park, In Sung Choi, Jae-Young Han","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1474791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1474791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged squatting is a well-documented cause of common peroneal neuropathy, wherein the common peroneal nerve is thought to be compressed between the biceps femoris tendon and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle or the fibular head. However, deep peroneal neuropathy resulting from prolonged squatting has not been previously reported. We present the case of a tile installer who developed unilateral deep peroneal neuropathy following extended squatting, diagnosed through ultrasonography, which identified the bilateral division of the common peroneal nerves between the knee joint and the fibular head. This case underscores the value of ultrasonography, particularly when electrodiagnostic results are inconsistent with clinical expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1474791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11496068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142498641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic ultrasound: an innovative approach for targeting neurological disorders affecting the basal ganglia.","authors":"Anurag Singh, John N J Reynolds","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1469250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1469250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The basal ganglia are involved in motor control and action selection, and their impairment manifests in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia, among others. The complex neuronal circuitry of the basal ganglia is located deep inside the brain and presents significant treatment challenges. Conventional treatment strategies, such as invasive surgeries and medications, may have limited effectiveness and may result in considerable side effects. Non-invasive ultrasound (US) treatment approaches are becoming increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential for reversibly permeabilizing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), targeting therapeutic delivery deep into the brain, and neuromodulation. Studies conducted on animals and early clinical trials using ultrasound as a therapeutic modality have demonstrated promising outcomes for controlling symptom severity while preserving neural tissue. These results could improve the quality of life for patients living with basal ganglia impairments. This review article explores the therapeutic frontiers of ultrasound technology, describing the brain mechanisms that are triggered and engaged by ultrasound. We demonstrate that this cutting-edge method could transform the way neurological disorders associated with the basal ganglia are managed, opening the door to less invasive and more effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1469250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topographic anatomy of the lateral surface of the parietal lobe and its relationship with white matter tracts.","authors":"Volkan Oğlin, Ömer Orhun, Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, Erik H Middlebrooks, Orhun Mete Çevik, M İmre Usseli, Mustafa Güdük, M Emin Aksoy, M Necmettin Pamir, Baran Bozkurt","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1458989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1458989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aim of this study was to define sulcal and gyral variations of the lateral parietal cortex and underlying white matter tracts and emphasize the importance of relationship between topographic anatomy of parietal lobe and white matter tracts underlying it in approaches to deep parietal and atrial lesions. Twenty-eight formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres of 14 adult cadavers were used. Ten hemispheres were dissected from lateral to medial by fiber dissection and all stages were photographed. Our anatomic findings were supported by MRI tractography. Postcentral sulcus and intraparietal sulcus were continuous in most of the cadavers (71% in right, 64% in left side). Intermediate sulcus of Jensen was in bayonet shape in 86 and 50 percent of cadavers at right and left side, respectively. The range of perpendicular distance between the meeting point and interhemispheric fissure was 2.5-4.9 cm in right and 2.8-4.2 cm in left hemisphere whereas the range of distance between meeting point and the sylvian fissure was 3-6 cm and 2.5-5.6 in left and right hemispheres, respectively. When the meeting point was located more laterally, the probability of damaging the arcuate fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus II during dissection was increased. We also found that the intraparietal sulcus and intermediate sulcus of Jensen were associated with the superior longitudinal fasciculus II, middle longitudinal fasciculus, inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, tapetum, and optic radiation. These variations and their relation to subcortical tracts should be considered in atrium and deep parietal lobe surgeries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1458989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11480589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142462785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cajal's contributions to vestibular research.","authors":"Juan M Espinosa-Sanchez, Nicolas Perez-Fernandez, Fernando de Castro, Angel Batuecas-Caletrio","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1476640","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1476640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Spanish neurohistologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) is widely regarded as the father of modern Neuroscience. In addition to identifying the individuality of cells in the nervous system (the neuron theory) or the direction followed by nerve impulses (the principle of dynamic polarization), he described numerous details regarding the organization of the different structures of the nervous system. This task was compiled in his magnum opus, \"Textura del Sistema Nervioso del Hombre y los Vertebrados,\" first published in Spanish between 1899 and 1904, and later revised and updated in French as \"Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertébrés\" between 1909 and 1911 for wider distribution among the international scientific community. Some of Cajal's findings are fundamental to our understanding of the anatomy and histology of the vestibular system. He depicted the nerve endings in the sensory epithelia, the structure of the vestibular nerve and Scarpa ganglion, afferent vestibular fibers, vestibular nuclei, lateral vestibulospinal tract, vestibulocerebellar connections, and the fine structure of the cerebellum. However, most of these pioneering descriptions were published years earlier in Spanish journals with limited circulation. Our study aimed to gather Cajal's findings on the vestibular system and identify his original publications. After this endeavor, we claim a place for Cajal among the founders of anatomy and histology of the vestibular system.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1476640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NECAB1-3, parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin in the hippocampus of the European mole","authors":"Jovana Maliković, Irmgard Amrein, Lorenzo Vinciguerra, David P. Wolfer, Lutz Slomianka","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1452722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1452722","url":null,"abstract":"Many calcium-binding proteins are expressed in a region-and cell-type specific manner in the mammalian hippocampus. Neuronal calcium-binding proteins (NECABs) are also expressed in hippocampal neurons, but few species have been investigated, with partly controversial findings. We here describe NECAB1, NECAB2 and NECAB3 as well as parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin in the European mole, and compare staining patterns of these proteins with those in mouse and other species. While subtle differences are present, NECAB staining in the European mole was generally similar to those in mouse. Common to European moles, mice, and other species we investigated, large hilar polymorphic cells, likely to represent mossy cells, were positive for all three NECABs. NECAB1 and 2 are suitable as markers for these cells along the entire septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. In the European mole, parvalbumin, calbindin and calretinin showed traits that have been described in other species before, albeit in a unique combination. In summary, we provide the first description of distribution of these proteins in the hippocampus of the European mole. This subterranean, insectivorous, and solitary living species belongs to the Order of Eulipotyphla. Despite many similarities with other subterranean species from the rodent order in terms of lifestyle, its hippocampus is cytoarchitecturally much more elaborated than in, e.g., mole-rats. It remains an open question if the hippocampal structure of the European mole reflects evolutionary constraints or ecology. Our descriptive study highlights the diversity in hippocampal cytoarchitecture even in small mammalian species.","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142184339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}