{"title":"Good code sets by spreading orthogonal vectors via Golomb rulers and Costas arrays","authors":"A. Fam","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494464","url":null,"abstract":"Good code sets have autocorrelation functions ACF with small sidelobes, and also have small crosscorrelations. In this work, a class of good ternary codes sets are introduced. First, mutually orthogonal vectors are selected, then they are spread via a Golomb ruler. This is shown to result in such a good set. If the mutually orthogonal vectors have entries in {-1,1} or {-1,0,1}, then a ternary code set result. While there are methods of generating ternary codes, and complementary ternary codes [1–7], there is no method in prior publications of generating mutually orthogonal ternary code sets. That is one of the contributions of this work. If complex numbers with unity magnitudes are allowed, then we obtain codes with magnitudes in {0,1}. If the vectors are obtained from matrices with mutually orthogonal rows and columns, as in Hadamard matrices, or DFT matrices, then longer codes can be obtained via spreading the obtained good set via a Golomb ruler a second time. Using existing codes, such as Barker codes, and spreading them via a Golomb ruler, then compounding them with the elements of a good set, results in a new good set with higher mainlobes. The spreading could be induced via any array of any dimension with elements of magnitudes in {0,1} that have autocorrelation with unity peak sidelobes. This includes Costas arrays, in addition to Golomb rulers.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122287692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tracking with spherical-estimate-conditioned debiased converted measurements","authors":"John N. Spitzmiller, R. Adhami","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494637","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new algorithm for the 3-D converted-measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) [1]-[3]. At each index, the new algorithm chooses the more accurate of (1) the spherical measurement provided by a sensor and (2) a spherical prediction computed from the CMKF's prediction information. The new algorithm next debiases the raw converted measurement with the raw converted measurement's error bias conditioned on the chosen spherical estimate. The new algorithm then computes the debiased converted measurement's error covariance conditioned on the chosen spherical target-position estimate, thus allowing the standard Kalman-filter algorithm's application. The paper gives closed-form solutions for the measurement-conditioned bias and covariance. The paper also describes a novel method, based on the unscented transformation [4], for approximating the prediction-conditioned bias and covariance. Simulation results show the new algorithm's improved tracking performance and statistical credibility over those of the 3-D modified unbiased CMKF.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125719070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive tracking radar","authors":"S. Haykin, A. Zia, I. Arasaratnam, Yanbo Xue","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494383","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time ever, this paper presents the design and implementation of a next-generation of tracking radar systems: the cognitive tracking radar (CTR). At the heart of the CTR, we have a cognitive waveform-selection (CWS) algorithm that can optimally pick the transmit waveform from a prescribed library, in response to information fed back from the receiver to the transmitter. In accordance with dynamic programming, the waveform-selection algorithm seeks to minimize the expected tracking error over a horizon of prescribed length. Approximation of the problem is also studied to mitigate the burden of computational load. To evaluate the system, we introduce computer experiments on a classical ballistic target tracking problem, the results of which confirm the superiority of the CTR over a conventional radar with fixed waveform.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127816946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ziv — Zakai lower bound on target localization estimation in MIMO radar systems","authors":"Vlad M. Chiriac, A. Haimovich","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the derivation of the Ziv-Zakai bound (ZZB) for the localization problem in a MIMO radar system. The target is positioned in the near-field of a network of radars of arbitrary geometry. The radars have ideal mutual time and phase synchronization. The target location is estimated by coherent processing exploiting the amplitude and phase information between pairs of radars. An analytical expression is developed for the ZZB relating the estimation mean square error (MSE) to the carrier frequency, signal bandwidth, the number of sensors, and their location. From numerical calculations of the bound, three regions of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be distinguished in the performance of the location estimator: a noise-dominated region, an ambiguity region, and an ambiguity free region. In the noise-dominated region, the signals received by the radars are too weak, and thus the localization error is limited only by the a priori information about the location of the target. In the ambiguity region, the performance of the location estimator is affected by sidelobes. In the ambiguity free region, estimation errors are very small and the ZZB approaches the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB).","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127991208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Snoeij, E. Attema, R. Torres, G. Levrini, R. Croci, M. L'Abbate, A. Pietropaolo, F. Rostan, M. Huchler
{"title":"C-SAR instrument design for the Sentinel-1 mission","authors":"P. Snoeij, E. Attema, R. Torres, G. Levrini, R. Croci, M. L'Abbate, A. Pietropaolo, F. Rostan, M. Huchler","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494660","url":null,"abstract":"The ESA Sentinels constitute the first series of operational satellites responding to the Earth Observation needs of the EU-ESA Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. The GMES space component relies on existing and planned space assets as well as on new complementary developments by ESA. This paper describes the Sentinel-1 mission, an imaging synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite constellation at C-band. It provides an overview of the mission requirements, its applications and the technical concept for the system.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127555777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey S. Herd, Douglas Carlson, Sean M. Duffy, Mark E. Weber, G. Brigham, M. Rachlin, D. Cursio, C. Liss, C. Weigand
{"title":"Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) for aircraft and weather surveillance","authors":"Jeffrey S. Herd, Douglas Carlson, Sean M. Duffy, Mark E. Weber, G. Brigham, M. Rachlin, D. Cursio, C. Liss, C. Weigand","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494483","url":null,"abstract":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory and M/A-COM are jointly conducting a technology demonstration of affordable Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) technology for Next Generation air traffic control and national weather surveillance services. Aggressive cost and performance goals have been established for the system. The array architecture and its realization using custom Transmit and Receive Integrated Circuits and a panel-based Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) will be presented. A program plan for risk reduction and system demonstration will be outlined.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127612242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The periodic ambiguity function — Its validity and value","authors":"N. Levanon","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494626","url":null,"abstract":"The periodic ambiguity function (PAF) relates to Woodward's ambiguity function (AF) like periodic autocorrelation relates to autocorrelation. AF is defined for a finite signal, processed by its matched filter. PAF can handle periodic signals with infinite (or large) number of periods, and a processor that is matched to fewer periods. PAF suits practical scenarios found in radar employing coherent pulse train or CW waveforms. This paper revisits the PAF and its properties, demonstrating its value and viability.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128984784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Biancardi, L. Iannini, M. M. d'Alessandro, A. M. Guarnieri, S. Tebaldini
{"title":"Performances and limitations of Persistent Scatterers-based SAR calibration","authors":"P. Biancardi, L. Iannini, M. M. d'Alessandro, A. M. Guarnieri, S. Tebaldini","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494520","url":null,"abstract":"The PS calibration combines external devices, like corner reflectors, transponders and the stable targets in the scene to provide continuous monitoring of the radiometric quality of a SAR instrument. The goal is to provide, on the bases of image blocks (say 10×10 km), the precise geolocation and the radiometric calibration information. The capability of selecting such targets, their intrinsic stability and the performances achievable by a PS-aided approach are investigated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"33 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132477801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sang Hoon Baek, Hyunchul Seok, Kyu Ho Park, J. Chun
{"title":"An adaptive update-rate control of a phased array radar for efficient usage of tracking tasks","authors":"Sang Hoon Baek, Hyunchul Seok, Kyu Ho Park, J. Chun","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494433","url":null,"abstract":"In multi-functional radar, task scheduling algorithm should be designed such that timing resource is efficiently utilized by functions such as surveillance and tracking, and its performance is maximized. In the target tracking, the tasks are required to be executed to consider the maneuvering motion, measurement condition and required tracking performance. Frequent execution of tracking tasks results in not only precise tracking, but also waste of timing resource which is shared with other functions. Therefore, to reduce the number of unnecessary observations, the tracking task is required to be executed only when the update is needed. In this paper, the innovation, position residual, in Kalman filter is used as reference value for adjusting update rate of tracking tasks. Using feedback controller, the update rate is allocated so that predicted observation is expected to be within specified error range. In addition, targets are classified into 7 priorities according to tactical characteristics, and target's priority is also used as reference value for calculating update rate. The simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the tracking error of the target on maneuvering movement compared to fixed update rate case.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"355 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132793374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. I. Barnes, G. Earl, M. Papazoglou, L. Burchett, A. Terzuoli
{"title":"The instagram: A novel sounding technique for enhanced HF propagation advice","authors":"R. I. Barnes, G. Earl, M. Papazoglou, L. Burchett, A. Terzuoli","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2010.5494387","url":null,"abstract":"Modern OTHR systems make extensive use of propagation support information for parameter setup advice. A novel method for increasing dimensionality and temporal resolution of this advice is demonstrated here using an instantaneously wideband waveform on a one-way path. A composite of pseudo-randomly phased, discretized, massively multi-channel signals is synthesized through a simple summing scheme. Upon reception the composite is rapidly processed in the frequency domain to produce channel scattering information simultaneously across the band. The channels may be collapsed in the Doppler domain to reduce to conventional oblique ionograms. Total integration time required to produce the full Doppler ionograms, even with low transmit powers, is reduced over conventional methods by up to three orders of magnitude leading to the term ‘Instagram’. The technique is implemented on an oblique sounding system that provides the necessary direct digital arbitrary waveform generation and reception capability. A result from the initial field trial is provided.","PeriodicalId":125591,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132021326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}