Gigiena i sanitariia最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of polymorphic loci of candidate genes in patients with occupational diseases","authors":"Y. Chernyak, A. P. Merinova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-689-694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-689-694","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Development and progress features of vibration syndrome (VS) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) are determined by genetic factors to a certain extent. The latter define the relevance of the search for individual approaches to  prevention and medical support of patients with these occupational diseases. \u0000The aim of the study was to investigate the genotypes distribution of polymorphic loci of candidate genes in patients with occupational diseases caused by vibration and noise impact. \u0000Materials and methods. Polymorphic variants of the HSPA1B (rs1061581), IL17A (rs2275913), IL10 (rs1800872), and TNF-α (rs1800629) genes of three hundred ninety eight males were studied using PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR methods, including 268  patients with VS divided into two groups: VShtv (n = 117) and VScomb (n = 151), in which VS was caused by exposure to hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) or combined exposure to HTV and whole-body vibration (COMB), respectively. The study also involved 96 patients with occupational NIHL diagnosis and 34 individuals of the comparison group without occupational contact with physical factors. \u0000Results. The increase in GG-HSPA1B (1267A/G) genotype frequency  (p=0.058) was found in VScomb patients compared with those from the VShtv group. There was a significant difference in carriers of the C/C genotype of the IL10 (rs1800872) polymorphic locus in the group of NIHL patients relative to the comparison group (p=0.036). The results of regression analysis indicate the carriage of the A allele to reduce the risk of NIHL development. \u0000Limitations. The limitations include the number of examined cases in all groups, especially in comparison group and the lack of groups of workers with no occupational exposure to a physical factor.   \u0000Conclusion. The obtained results expand the understanding of the genetic features able to determine sensitivity to the physical factors exposure that define the development of occupational pathology and the issues to be resolved at the next stage of research.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of the state of main arteries in workers of the pivotal occupations in the coal and aluminum industries","authors":"O. Korotenko, E. Filimonov, N. I. Panev, E. V. Ulanova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-658-663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-658-663","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To prevent cardiovascular accidents and preserve the employability in workers in the pivotal occupations of the coal and aluminum industries it is required timely identification of risk groups for long-term asymptomatic damage to the atherosclerotic process of the arteries. \u0000Material and methods. The study included two hundred twenty two miners and 109 workers in the aluminum industry aged of 40–55 years (average age of miners – 47.1 ± 0.36 years, metallurgists – 47.64 ± 0.43 years, р = 0.367). All subjects underwent ultrasound investigation of the carotid and femoral arteries. Also anamnestic, anthropometric data, the presence of arterial hypertension, indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated. \u0000Results. Miners were more often diagnosed with intimal thickening (41.9% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.011), in contrast to aluminum production workers, who were significantly more likely to have atherosclerotic plaques (57.8% vs. 43.2%, p = 0.0127). The frequency of generally accepted risk factors for atherosclerosis in both occupational cohorts (arterial hypertension, smoking, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, physical inactivity, obesity) was detected without significant differences. Miners with atherosclerosis were diagnosed with significantly higher average values of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, metallurgists with atherosclerosis showed hypertriglyceridemia. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited by the number of the examined persons undergoing periodic medical examination at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. \u0000Conclusion. A more significant lesion of the main arteries in the form of atherosclerotic plaques with varying degrees of stenosis was found in aluminum production workers compared to miners, which was probably due to the more aggressive influence of harmful production factors in metallurgists. In this regard, it is recommended to conduct a screening ultrasound investigation of the main arteries at a periodic medical examination, which will identify a risk group for the timely prevention of cardiovascular complications.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42774537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized prediction of the probability of developing arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis using an automated system","authors":"N. I. Panev, S. N. Filimonov, R. N. Panev, N. Evseeva, O. Korotenko","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-675-681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-675-681","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The remaining high level of production-related cardiovascular morbidity necessitates timely preventive measures. The development of an automated forecasting technique will make it possible to implement personalized and differentiated approaches in the prevention of cardiovascular pathology in persons in contact with harmful production factors. \u0000Materials and methods. The object of the study were workers employed in underground coal mining: One hundred sixty eight miners with previously diagnosed anthracosilicosis and 151 miners of the control group without lung pathology (a total of 319 people). Identification of diseases of the circulatory system and risk factors was carried out using clinical, laboratory, instrumental methods. The Bayes method was used to develop a forecasting system. The forecasting software as developed in the Lazarus environment using object-oriented programming methods. \u0000Results. The most informative markers associated with a high probability of developing arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease in workers with anthracosilicosis have been identified. A software “Automated system for personalized prediction of the probability of developing arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis” has been developed. An automated forecasting system determines the degree of risk of diseases based on the results of the sum of prognostic coefficients. \u0000Limitations. The limitation of the study was related to the sample of coal mine workers examined in the clinic of the Institute, namely: age from 40 to 54 years, long-term (more than 15 years) work experience in harmful working conditions. The study did not include miners who had other occupational diseases besides anthracosilicosis. \u0000Conclusions. An automated system of personalized forecasting ensures the formation of high cardiovascular risk groups with minimal time costs, which allows starting primary prevention of cardiological pathology in a timely manner.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of autonomic disorders in miners with vibration disease","authors":"A. V. Yamshchikova, A. Fleishman, I. Martynov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-664-669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-664-669","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Autonomic disorders in the form of autonomic neuropathy develop in vibration disease already at the early stages. As the disease progresses, the compensatory mechanisms of autonomic regulation are depleted, which leads to a worse prognosis for life and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with a severe degree of autonomic neuropathy. \u0000The aim of the study was to evaluate the severity of autonomic disorders and the preservation of compensatory reserves of autonomic regulation in patients with vibration disease. \u0000Materials and methods. One hundred thirty six miners with a proven diagnosis of vibration disease and 60 apparently healthy men of similar age without complaints and who had never worked under the conditions of exposure to industrial vibration were examined. Heart rate variability was analyzed at rest and during an active orthostatic test. \u0000Results. A decrease in the spectral parameters of heart rate variability in the patients with vibration disease was revealed. In a subgroup of the patients with an initially low level of very low frequency oscillations (less than 30 ms2/Hz), a decrease in the non-linear entropy index (less than 180) was determined; when performing an active orthostatic test, the power of very low frequency spectrum oscillations in the patients of this subgroup decreased by more than 50% of the initial values. In all patients with vibration disease under orthostatic load, a decrease in the oscillations of high and low frequencies of the spectrum of heart rate variability was revealed, whereas in the control group, the low frequency oscillation power remained at the initial level. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited to the evaluation of spectral and non-linear indices of heart rate variability in 136 miners with vibration disease. \u0000Conclusion. The criteria for a severe course of autonomic neuropathy in the patients with vibration disease were identified: an initial decrease in the power of very low frequency oscillations and a non-linear entropy index of heart rate variability, as well as a decrease in the power of very low frequency oscillations by more than 50% during an orthostatic test. According to these criteria, in 40.4% of the miners with vibration disease, pronounced violations of the autonomic support with a lack of compensatory mechanisms of autonomic regulation were found to be detected.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70834804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodical support for controlling safety of cereals for children (exemplified by furan and methylfuran)","authors":"N. Zaitseva, T. Nurislamova, Olga A. Mal’tseva, Tatyana V. Chinko, Daria Yu. Subbotina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-713-719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-713-719","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study addresses issues related to developing a procedure for identification of chemicals in food products in practical instrumental investigations. We have validated the method for quantification of a heterocyclic compound (furan) and sylvan (methylfuran) in grain-based cereals for children. \u0000The aim of this study was to develop a precise GC-MS-method for quantifying a heterocyclic compound and sylvan in food products to control their safety for children, especially infants. \u0000Materials and methods. The research objects were quantification means (QM) as a certain amount of an analyzed heterocyclic compound and sylvan (the mass share of the analyzed compound is 99%) provided by Sigma Aldrich Corporation (USA), as well as milk and milk-free dry cereals for babies. The study involved using an Agilent 7890А gas chromatographer with 5975С quadrupole mass-spectrometric detector. Sample preparation involved extraction and concentration of furan and methylfuran from food samples by statistical vapour-liquid equilibrium analysis and subsequent gas-chromatographic analysis of vapour phase. \u0000Results. The procedure for quantification of furan and methylfuran is an original scientific and technical development based on experimental data. It gives an opportunity to identify furan and methylfuran micro-admixtures in food samples with high precision and sensitivity with a range of concentrations between 0.93 and 9.37 ng and between 0.91 and 9.13 ng accordingly. The ultimate indicators describing acceptability of the results obtained by furan and methylfuran quantification included error not higher than 24%, пintra-laboratory precision (σRл ) not higher than 10%, correctness (± σCл ) not higher than 22%. \u0000Conclusion. The developed technique has shown high selectivity, sensitivity, reliability and satisfactory accuracy. The methodology meets the criteria of the State Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R ISO 5725-1-6-2002 and can be used for laboratory studies of food safety by enterprises and institutions engaged in quality control and research of food products and food raw materials.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46628794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter to monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains","authors":"I. S. Kosilova, Lyubov’ V. Domotenko, O. V. Polosenko, G. M. Trukhina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-706-712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-706-712","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common diarrhea-associated infections over the world. The situation is getting worse along with increasing cases of the disease caused by the Campylobacter spp. pathogen resistant to antimicrobials (AMPs). Preventing the disease requires monitoring the spread of resistant Campylobacter strains isolated from both sick people and animals, food, and water. \u0000Aim of the study is to evaluate the results of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter according to the requirements of the EUCAST and CLSI methodologies using Russia-made nutrient media. \u0000Materials and methods. Collected and freshly isolated strains of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus and C. lari were used. Campylobacter cultures were subcultured on Campylobacter Agar Base (HiMedia), Preston laboratory-produced medium and iron-erythritol blood agar (Obolensk). Their sensitivity to AMPs was determined by three methods as ffollows: disc diffusion, gradient diffusion and microdilutions using Mueller-Hinton agar, and broth of two manufacturers (BD BBL and Obolensk) according to EUCAST and CLSI. \u0000Results. Using Russian-made and imported Mueller-Hinton agar and broth allowed obtaining identical results for AMPs susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. The campylobacter strains were attributed to the same susceptibility category by all three methods in frame of any methodology (EUCAST or CLSI) when interpreting results. Due to differences in cutoffs of MIC and inhibition zone diameters in the EUCAST and CLSI standards, there were some differences in the interpretation of the results. \u0000Limitations. Eight strains of four species Campylobacter were tested for their susceptibility to three antimicrobials by three methods according to EUCAST and CLSI methodology. \u0000Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the possibility of applying a complex of domestic nutrient media for cultivating and monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistant strains of Campylobacter spp. This is especially important in view of implementing the import substitution program.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of adverse climatic conditions and forms of labour management on the quality of life of the population","authors":"I. Pogonysheva, Elena Yu. Shalamova, O. Ragozin, D. A. Pogonyshev, Nargiz R. Kerimova","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-682-688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-682-688","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The quality of life is a cumulative characteristic of different aspects of a person’s life affected by uncomfortable climatic and geographical conditions. Materials and methods. The health-related quality of life was studied using the SF-36 questionnaire. Men and women engaged in mental labour were residents of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, manual workers (men) lived outside the district and worked on a rotational basis. Results. The indicators of the quality of life according to the state of health among the workers of the northern region, depending on the nature of labour activity and gender were determined. In the examined groups, latent factors of the quality of life were revealed. Limitations. Men and women engaged in mental work; men working on a rotational basis. Conclusion. The conditions of the northern region in the quality of life were determined by the state of health, there are differences associated with the nature of labour activity and gender. Occupationally conditioned increased social activity was shown to negatively affect on the somatic and mental health of males. As a result, in groups of office workers, the gender characteristics of self-assessment of psychological criteria for the quality of life are partially levelled, in the presence of differences in the physical component. The leading factor in the quality of life for them was the psychological comfort. For men engaged in physical labour, the leading factor in the quality of life was the scale of role functioning, due to physical condition, that is, the most important thing for them was the possibility of life, not limited by deviations in physical health.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA fragmentation as a bioindicator of peat fires’ smoke exposure","authors":"V. A. Tyutrina, L. Sosedova, V. Vokina","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-653-657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-653-657","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The impact of combustion products of organic substances on the body is known to be accompanied by the accumulation of DNA damage, which can lead to mutations and pathological changes in the cell and the whole organism. The prevalence and scale of this phenomenon poses an important task for studying the consequences that occur in smoke-exposed organisms and their offspring. \u0000Materials and methods. The conditions of real peat smoke were reproduced for 40 minutes with a CO concentration of 99±2.5 mg/m3 with using of experimental bio modelling. The genotoxicity of peat fire smoke after exposure to male white rats was assessed by the occurrence of DNA damage in blood cells using the DNA comet method in the alkaline version. In the first part of the experiment, males were directly exposed to the smoke of a peat fire; in the second part – their sexually mature offspring of both sexes were examined for the occurrence of DNA damage in blood cells. \u0000Results. The males of the parental generation and offspring were found to be resistant to the effects of smoke components, which was confirmed by the absence of statistical significance in terms of «% DNA in the comet tail» compared with the control. At the same time, females of the received generation showed a statistically significant increase in blood cell DNA damage compared to the control group. \u0000Limitations. The study was limited to the study of DNA fragmentation after a single 40-minute exposure to peat smoke in male white rats and their intact offspring. \u0000Conclusion. The data obtained in this investigation indicate that damage to the DNA structure in the offspring of male rats exposed to peat smoke containing CO at a concentration of 99±2.5 mg/m3 can be considered as a bioindicator of genotoxic effects induced in the next generation.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45449674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological and hygienic assessment of modern thermo-insulating polymer materials during thermal exposure","authors":"P. Tolkach, V. Basharin, Yurii V. Shilov, Arkadii V. Yazenok, Alexander E. Antushevich, Gennadii G. Zagorodnikov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-726-731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-726-731","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Polyethylene and synthetic foam caoutchouc are used for thermal insulation of communications, at temperatures not exceeding 90 °C and 105 °C, respectively. Data on how these materials will behave in the appropriate temperature conditions was not be found. \u0000The purpose of the study was to conduct a toxicological and hygienic assessment of products made of polyethylene foam and synthetic foam rubber under thermal exposure. \u0000Materials and methods. The thermal effect on the studied samples was modelled in a climate chamber. The time interval during the mass loss of the samples was determined, a sanitary and chemical study of the gas-air mixture in the climatic chamber was carried out. To conduct a toxicological and hygienic study in animals, a swim-escape conditioned active avoidance response was developed. \u0000Results. Under thermal (90 °C) exposure for 72 hours to polyethylene tube, a loss of 0.77% of the initial mass of the sample occurs. Thermal exposure (105 °C) to synthetic foam caoutchouc resulted in a loss of 15.3% of the initial mass of the sample for 108 hours, while pronounced changes in the appearance of the samples were determined. When conducting a sanitary and chemical study in the climate chamber, an increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide was determined after 12, 24,  and 72 hours and hydrogen chloride after 12 and 24 hours following the onset of thermal exposure compared with the values of their average daily maximum permissible concentration. Thermal exposure to the sample and synthetic foam caoutchouc led to an increase in the concentration of ammonia, carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride 12 and 24 hours after the start of exposure compared with the average daily maximum permissible concentration. During the toxicological and hygienic study, animals exposed to thermal degradation products of the materials under study were revealed to show learning disabilities. \u0000Limitations. They are conditioned by the methodology of the study. A quantitative analysis of some gaseous thermal degradation products released into the climate chamber was performed, without taking into account the aerosols formed. \u0000Conclusion. Thermal insulation materials made of synthetic foam rubber and polyethylene foam lose their structural properties when they are operated in the maximum permissible temperature conditions (105 °C and 90 °C, respectively). When they are used in appropriate temperature conditions, the formation of toxic products occurs, the inhalation effect of which leads to a disturbances of the learning ability in laboratory animals.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44248104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring the quality of atmospheric air on main streets and in residential buildings by means of planning and landscaping","authors":"V. V. Balakin, Sergei V. Aleksikov, V. Azarov","doi":"10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-639-647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-639-647","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The level of concentration of toxic substances in the atmospheric air of main streets is largely determined by their aeration regime, established due to exposure to air flow of buildings and green spaces. Therefore, when developing master plans of cities and projects of detailed planning of residential formations to ensure hygienic standards for the expected content of emissions of motor transport in the air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings, the influence of urban factors on wind speed and direction one should take into account. \u0000The aim of the study is the justification and selection of urban planning measures to reduce atmospheric air pollution from main roads and streets by exhaust gases of motor transport. \u0000Material and methods. Full-scale surveys of transport infrastructure facilities in large cities and modelling of the processes of dispersion of exhaust gases of cars in the air using models of residential buildings and green spaces. \u0000Results. The regularities of the formation of the aeration regime of city streets and the dispersion of car emissions behind the landscaping strips and in residential buildings have been established. Optimal variants of planning, development and landscaping of main streets have been determined, ensuring the reduction of gas contamination of pedestrian zones, public spaces and residential areas. \u0000Limitations. The choice of landscaping objects for urban roads and streets for field observations and modelling of car emissions dispersion processes is limited to strips of green spaces of a blown and dense construction, without taking into account the peculiarities of the transformation of the air flow and reducing gas pollution under the influence of landscaping strips of an openwork design. \u0000Conclusions. Reduction of gas pollution of main roads and streets is ensured by choosing the direction of the route and planning, and building techniques. At the same time, it is necessary to use environmental protection linear-strip landscaping facilities of optimal design. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that frontal multi-sectional buildings and strips of green spaces of windproof dense construction stimulate the appearance of stable vortices with a closed circulation of impurities in street canyons and on sections of highways. When choosing urban planning solutions to ensure the quality of atmospheric air of transport communications and adjacent residential buildings in various landscape and climatic conditions, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the tasks arising in this case to regulate the aeration regime and reclamation of the microclimate as a whole.","PeriodicalId":12550,"journal":{"name":"Gigiena i sanitariia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41952440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}