S. McGregor, M. Khodri, N. Maher, M. Ohba, F. Pausata, S. Stevenson
{"title":"The Effect of Strong Volcanic Eruptions on ENSO","authors":"S. McGregor, M. Khodri, N. Maher, M. Ohba, F. Pausata, S. Stevenson","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"122 1","pages":"267-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77929934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Emile‐Geay, K. Cobb, J. Cole, M. Elliot, Feng Zhu
{"title":"Past ENSO Variability","authors":"J. Emile‐Geay, K. Cobb, J. Cole, M. Elliot, Feng Zhu","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"10 1","pages":"87-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78082924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ENSO Irregularity and Asymmetry","authors":"S. An, E. Tziperman, Y. Okumura, Tim Li","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"55 1","pages":"153-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90829686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ENSO in the Global Climate System","authors":"K. Trenberth","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84721640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Karamperidou, M. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, K. Yun, Sun‐Seon Lee, F. Jin, A. Santoso, M. Mcphaden, W. Cai
{"title":"ENSO in a Changing Climate","authors":"C. Karamperidou, M. Stuecker, A. Timmermann, K. Yun, Sun‐Seon Lee, F. Jin, A. Santoso, M. Mcphaden, W. Cai","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch21","url":null,"abstract":"The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a naturally occurring climate fluctuation, which originates in the tropical Pacific region and affects ecosystems, agriculture, freshwater supplies, hurricanes and other severe weather events worldwide (Goddard and Dilley 2005; McPhaden et al. 2006). Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the impact of climate change on many of the processes that contribute to ENSO variability (e.g., Collins et al. 2010), it is not yet possible to say whether ENSO activity will be enhanced or damped, or if the frequency or character of events will change in the coming decades (Vecchi and Wittenberg 2010). As changes in ENSO have the potential to be one of the largest manifestations of anthropogenic climate change, this status has profound impacts on the reliability of regional attribution of climate variability and change. Two main reasons can be invoked for these shortcomings. First there is a lack of long and comprehensive enough observations of the various ENSO processes to be able to detect past changes. It may be that we need to observe ENSO for another several decades to detect and attribute significant ENSO changes (Wittenberg 2009; Stevenson et al. 2012). Second, as ENSO involves a complex interplay of numerous ocean and atmospheric processes, accurately modeling this climate phenomenon with CGCMs, and understanding, anticipating, and predicting its behaviour on seasonal to decadal and longer time scales still pose formidable challenges (Guilyardi et al. 2009). Even though the ability of CGCMs to simulate El Niño has largely improved over the last few years, the diversity of model simulations of present-day El Niño characteristics indicate current limitations in our ability to model this climate phenomenon and anticipate changes in its properties on short and long time scales.","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"12 1","pages":"471-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82491908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Lehodey, A. Bertrand, A. Hobday, H. Kiyofuji, S. McClatchie, C. Menkes, G. Pilling, J. Polovina, D. Tommasi
{"title":"ENSO Impact on Marine Fisheries and Ecosystems","authors":"P. Lehodey, A. Bertrand, A. Hobday, H. Kiyofuji, S. McClatchie, C. Menkes, G. Pilling, J. Polovina, D. Tommasi","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"28 1","pages":"429-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74113177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fedorov, Shineng Hu, A. Wittenberg, Aaron Levine, C. Deser
{"title":"ENSO Low‐Frequency Modulation and Mean State Interactions","authors":"A. Fedorov, Shineng Hu, A. Wittenberg, Aaron Levine, C. Deser","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch8","url":null,"abstract":"Is El Niño changing with global warming? Can we anticipate decades with extreme El Niño events? To answer these questions confidently, we need to understand the modulation of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO) that occur on decadal and multidecadal timescales and involve changes in El Niño amplitude, periodicity, dominant “flavors”, shifts in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and other properties. As major progress has been made in understanding various factors that can affect these characteristics of El Niño, two main paradigms have emerged to explain the observed modulation of ENSO: (i) internally generated variations due to the chaotic nature of the ocean‐atmosphere coupled system and (ii) externally driven varia tions due to cyclic or secular changes in the properties of the tropical background state such as mean winds or ocean thermocline depth. This article reviews these two paradigms in the context of available observations, ide alized models, and comprehensive general circulation models describing El Niño. Which paradigm will domi nate in the coming decades and whether global warming is already affecting El Niño remains unclear. 1 Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 2 LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne University, Paris, France 3 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA 4 NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA 5 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 6 NCAR, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, Boulder, CO, USA 174 EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"27 1","pages":"173-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85459057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of El Niño on Weather and Climate Extremes","authors":"L. Goddard, A. Gershunov","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"4 1","pages":"361-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82507653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Taschetto, C. Ummenhofer, M. Stuecker, D. Dommenget, K. Ashok, R. Rodrigues, S. Yeh
{"title":"ENSO Atmospheric Teleconnections","authors":"A. Taschetto, C. Ummenhofer, M. Stuecker, D. Dommenget, K. Ashok, R. Rodrigues, S. Yeh","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"58 1","pages":"309-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82871238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Timmermann, J. Oberhuber, A. Bacher, M. Esch, M. Latif, E. Roeckner
{"title":"ENSO Response to Greenhouse Forcing","authors":"A. Timmermann, J. Oberhuber, A. Bacher, M. Esch, M. Latif, E. Roeckner","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"27 1","pages":"289-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91373320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：