{"title":"Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research","authors":"S. Zou, G. Perry, J. Foster","doi":"10.1002/9781119815617.CH4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119815617.CH4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88317954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Goncharenko, V. Harvey, Huixin Liu, N. Pedatella
{"title":"Sudden Stratospheric Warming Impacts on the Ionosphere–Thermosphere System","authors":"L. Goncharenko, V. Harvey, Huixin Liu, N. Pedatella","doi":"10.1002/9781119815617.CH16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119815617.CH16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"81 1","pages":"369-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90153816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ionospheric Storm‐Enhanced Density Plumes","authors":"J. Foster, S. Zou, R. Heelis, P. Erickson","doi":"10.1002/9781119815617.CH6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119815617.CH6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"108 1","pages":"115-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89420471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mesoscale and Small‐Scale Structure of the Subauroral Geospace","authors":"E. Mishin, A. Streltsov","doi":"10.1002/9781119815617.CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119815617.CH8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"150 1","pages":"139-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75256729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Guilyardi, A. Capotondi, M. Lengaigne, S. Thual, A. Wittenberg
{"title":"ENSO Modeling","authors":"E. Guilyardi, A. Capotondi, M. Lengaigne, S. Thual, A. Wittenberg","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch9","url":null,"abstract":"Climate models are essential tools for understanding ENSO mechanisms and exploring the future, either via seasonal‐to‐decadal forecasting or climate projections. Because so few events are well observed, models are also needed to help reconstruct past variability, explore ENSO diversity, and understand the roles of the background mean state and external forcings in mediating ENSO behavior. In this chapter we review the history of ENSO mod eling, showing the gradual improvement of models since the pioneering studies of the 1980s and 1990s and describing the existing hierarchy of model complexity. The rest of the chapter is devoted to coupled general circulation models (GCMs) and how these models perform, related model development and improvements, associ ated systematic biases and the strategies developed to address them, and methods of model evaluation in a multi model context with reference to observations. We also review how successive generations of multimodel intercomparisons help bridge the gap between our theoretical understanding of ENSO and the representation of ENSO in coupled GCMs. Much of the improved understanding of ENSO in recent decades, addressed in other chapters of this monograph, was obtained from simulation strategies in which part of the coupled ocean‐atmosphere system was either simplified or omitted, such as atmosphere‐only, ocean‐only, partially coupled, or nudged simula tions. We here review these strategies and the associated best practices, including their advantages and limitations. The ability of coupled GCMs to simulate ENSO continues to improve, offering exciting opportunities for research, forecasting, understanding past variations, and projecting the future behavior of ENSO and its global impacts. We list the challenges the community is facing, as well as opportunities for further improving ENSO simulations. 1 LOCEAN-IPSL, CNRS/Sorbonne University/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France; and NCAS-Climate, University of Reading, Reading, UK 2 University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO, USA; and NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA 3 LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Universités/UPMC-CNRS-IRDMNHN, Paris, France; and MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France 4 Institute of Atmospheric Sciences/Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 5 NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA 202 EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE Studies of coupled models began to reveal biases that had been concealed in the ocean‐only or atmosphere‐only simulations used up to then. A community of scientists, working at the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere, steadily grew and now forms the core of ENSO expertise in the tropics. A series of coupled model intercomparison projects (CMIPs) have shown steady progress in simulating ENSO and related global variability using state‐of‐the‐art cou pled GCMs (AchutaRao & Sperber, 2006; van Oldenborgh et","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"15 1","pages":"199-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81817561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sprintall, S. Cravatte, B. Dewitte, Yan Du, Alexander Sen Gupta
{"title":"ENSO Oceanic Teleconnections","authors":"J. Sprintall, S. Cravatte, B. Dewitte, Yan Du, Alexander Sen Gupta","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"18 1","pages":"337-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85553352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Holbrook, D. Claar, A. Hobday, K. McInnes, E. Oliver, Alexander Sen Gupta, M. Widlansky, Xuebin Zhang
{"title":"ENSO‐Driven Ocean Extremes and Their Ecosystem Impacts","authors":"N. Holbrook, D. Claar, A. Hobday, K. McInnes, E. Oliver, Alexander Sen Gupta, M. Widlansky, Xuebin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"176 1","pages":"409-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79858991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kug, J. Vialard, Y. Ham, Jin‐Yi Yu, M. Lengaigne
{"title":"ENSO Remote Forcing","authors":"J. Kug, J. Vialard, Y. Ham, Jin‐Yi Yu, M. Lengaigne","doi":"10.1002/9781119548164.ch11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119548164.ch11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12539,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical monograph","volume":"8 1","pages":"247-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81966860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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